美國前教育部官員加盟扎克伯格慈善計劃
Mark Zuckerberg, the chief executive of Facebook, and Dr. Priscilla Chan, a pediatrician who is his wife, said Wednesday that they had hired James H. Shelton III, a former deputy secretary of the United States Department of Education, to oversee their efforts in education, in the latest example of former federal officials who are taking up jobs in Silicon Valley.
Facebook的首席執行官馬克·扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)與他的妻子，兒科醫生普莉希拉·陳(Priscilla Chan)醫生週三宣佈，他們已僱用美國教育部前副部長詹姆斯·H·謝爾頓三世(James H. Shelton III)，負責監督他們在教育方面所做的工作，這是前聯邦官員在硅谷出任職務的最新例子。
Mr. Shelton will lead the education component of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, which Mr. Zuckerberg and Dr. Chan announced they were creating last year for their philanthropic and social entrepreneurship endeavors. The education work is focused on customizing learning for students and addressing disparities.
謝爾頓將領導“陳-扎克伯格行動”(Chan Zuckerberg Initiative)中針對教育的部分。“陳-扎克伯格行動”是扎克伯格與陳醫生去年宣佈，爲慈善目的、以及履行社會企業家責任而成立的組織。該組織的教育工作關注學生的個性化學習與教育中的不平等問題。
“When you think about philanthropy, the question is, ‘How can you be catalytic?’” Mr. Shelton said in a phone interview. “It’s a huge opportunity for transformational work.”
“關於慈善，我們的問題是：‘該怎樣發揮催化劑的作用？’”謝爾頓在電話採訪中說。“這是促成工作向實際轉換的巨大機會。”
Mr. Shelton’s hiring is part of a stream of Washington officials going to work for tech titans. Among them are Jay Carney, a former White House press secretary, who is now senior vice president for corporate affairs at Amazon, and David Plouffe, a former senior adviser to President Obama who is chief adviser and a board member at Uber.
謝爾頓此次受僱是華盛頓官員爲技術巨頭效力的潮流中的一例。他們當中還有前白宮新聞發言人傑伊·卡尼(Jay Carney)，如今充當亞馬遜全球企業事務高級副總裁；以及給奧巴馬當過高級顧問的戴維·普洛夫(David Plouffe)，如今在Uber擔任首席顧問和董事會成員。
The trend is more recent in education. Former federal education officials often used to enter politics or take up positions at universities and research groups.
這股潮流最近集中在教育方面。以往，聯邦教育官員們卸任後，經常從政或者在大學和研究機構任職。
But in March, the Emerson Collective, an organization set up by Laurene Powell Jobs, the widow of Apple’s co-founder, Steve Jobs, said it had tapped Arne Duncan, the former education secretary, to lead an effort focused on young people in Chicago.
但是，今年3月，蘋果公司的聯合創始人史蒂夫·喬布斯(Steve Jobs)的遺孀勞倫·鮑威爾·喬布斯(Laurene Powell Jobs)成立的Emerson Collective機構宣佈，它聘用了前教育部長阿恩·鄧肯(Arne Duncan)領導一項針對芝加哥年輕人的項目。
The advent of nontraditional philanthropic vehicles seems to be drawing new interest from veteran education officials. Both the Emerson Collective and the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative are limited liability companies, an organizational structure that enables investing and advocacy, as well as philanthropy.
這些非傳統的慈善項目的出現似乎引起了資深教育官員們的新興趣。Emerson Collective和陳-扎克伯格行動都是有限責任公司，這種組織結構可以做投資，可以做倡議性工作，也可以做慈善。
“Silicon Valley traditionally has not played a huge role in education reform,” said Richard Culatta, a former director of the Office of Education Technology at the Department of Education and now chief innovation officer of the state of Rhode Island.
“傳統上，硅谷並不在教育改革中扮演重要角色，”教育部教育技術辦公室前主任理查德·卡拉塔(Richard Culatta)說，他如今擔任羅德島州的首席創新官。
He said the hiring of prominent education officials like Mr. Shelton, who is also a former executive at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and Mr. Duncan could herald new approaches to learning.
謝爾頓曾經也是比爾與梅琳達·蓋茨基金會(Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation)的執行官，卡拉塔說，聘用謝爾頓和鄧肯這樣的著名教育官員，可能會開創學習的新方式。
“There could be huge impact from nontraditional organizations in really innovating in the field,” he said.
“非傳統組織可以對這個領域的真正創新帶來巨大影響，”他說。
In a Facebook post on Wednesday, Mr. Zuckerberg said the couple’s education initiative would focus on “personalized learning” — the idea of using various technologies to help students customize their educational pathways — and on addressing barriers to education like poverty and illness.
扎克伯格週三在Facebook發表的帖子上說，他們夫妻二人的教育行動計劃將關注“個性化學習”——採用不同的技術，來幫助學生定製自己的教育方案——以及應對貧窮和疾病等阻撓教育的障礙。
“We set up the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative with the flexibility to support nonprofits, invest in companies and advocate for policies that will advance this mission,” Mr. Zuckerberg wrote. “We’ll build technology where it can help, and we believe in listening to and working closely with parents, teachers and students to understand the specific needs of the communities we’re working in.”
“我們成立的陳-扎克伯格行動是非常靈活的，可以支持非盈利機構、對公司進行投資，或遊說制定對這項任務有利的政策，”扎克伯格寫道。“在需要技術的地方，我們會研發新技術，我們也相信，通過聆聽父母、教師與學生們的聲音，與他們密切合作，可以瞭解我們所工作的社區的具體需求。”
The couple are already involved in a variety of education endeavors. They donated $100 million to schools in Newark, and they have pledged $120 million to schools in the San Francisco Bay Area.
扎克伯格夫婦已經參與了一系列教育行動。他們曾向紐瓦克的若干學校捐贈過1億美元，還承諾向舊金山灣區的學校捐款1.2億美元。
They have donated $23 million to EducationSuperHighway, a nonprofit group dedicated to increasing broadband access for schools nationwide. They have also invested $15 million in AltSchool, a network of private schools.
他們爲“教育高速公路”(EducationSuperHighway)捐贈了2300萬美元，這個非盈利組織致力於增加全國學校的寬帶接入。他們還向私立學校網絡AltSchool投資了1500萬美元。
Dr. Chan is also working on The Primary School, which takes a new approach to elementary schools. Scheduled to open this fall in East Palo Alto, Calif., it is a free private school that will provide health care and education for students and their families.
普莉希拉·陳目前在“小學”(The Primary School)工作，它採用新方式進行小學教育。這所免費私立學校將於今年秋天在加利福尼亞東帕羅奧圖開放，向學生與他們的家庭提供健康衛生服務及教育。
In a Facebook Live video on Wednesday, Dr. Chan said that she recognized the role that teachers could play in shaping students’ futures.
在週三的Facebook線上直播中，陳醫生說，她明白教師在塑造學生的未來中扮演了怎樣的角色。
“Teachers were the first people who opened my eyes to what was possible in the world, and what was possible to me,” Dr. Chan said.
“教師最早打開了我的眼界，讓我認識到世界和自我的可能性，”她說。
