2016年政府工作報告英文版學習筆記 （12）

加快財稅體制改革。推進中央與地方事權和支出責任劃分改革，合理確定增值稅中央和地方分享比例。把適合作爲地方收入的稅種下劃給地方，在稅政管理權限方面給地方適當放權。進一步壓縮中央專項轉移支付規模，今年一般性轉移支付規模增長12.2%。全面推開資源稅從價計徵改革。依法實施稅收徵管。建立規範的地方政府舉債融資機制，對財政實力強、債務風險較低的，按法定程序適當增加債務限額。各級政府要堅持過緊日子，把每一筆錢都花在明處、用在實處。

Fiscal and tax reforms will be stepped up. We will move forward with the reform of the way powers and expenditure responsibilities are shared between the central and local governments, ensuring that the proportion of VAT revenue received by the central and local governments is determined appropriately. Taxes suitable as sources of local government revenue will be handed over to local governments along with the corresponding administrative powers. Central government special transfer payments to local governments will be further reduced, while this year's general transfer payments will be increased by 12.2%. We will extend ad valorem rates to all resource taxes. We will promote the law-based administration of tax collection. We will establish a well-regulated mechanism for local governments to secure financing through bond issuance and make moderate upward adjustments to debt ceilings for local governments with strong financial resources and low debt risks through statutory procedures. Governments at all levels must tighten their belts and spend every sum of money where it can be seen and where it's most needed.

穩健的貨幣政策要靈活適度。今年廣義貨幣M2預期增長13%左右，社會融資規模餘額增長13%左右。要統籌運用公開市場操作、利率、準備金率、再貸款等各類貨幣政策工具，保持流動性合理充裕，疏通傳導機制，降低融資成本，加強對實體經濟特別是小微企業、“三農”等支持。

-- We will pursue prudent monetary policy that is flexible and appropriate.

Both the M2 money supply and aggregate financing in the economy are forecasted to grow by around 13% in 2016. We will use a full range of monetary policy tools including open market operations, interest rates, required reserve ratios, and re-lending to maintain sufficient liquidity at a proper level, improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, and reduce financing costs. We will provide more support for the real economy, particularly for small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.

深化金融體制改革。加快改革完善現代金融監管體制，提高金融服務實體經濟效率，實現金融風險監管全覆蓋。深化利率市場化改革。繼續完善人民幣匯率市場化形成機制，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上基本穩定。深化國有商業銀行和開發性、政策性金融機構改革，發展民營銀行，啓動投貸聯動試點。推進股票、債券市場改革和法治化建設，促進多層次資本市場健康發展，提高直接融資比重。適時啓動“深港通”。建立巨災保險制度。規範發展互聯網金融。大力發展普惠金融和綠色金融。加強全口徑外債宏觀審慎管理。紮緊制度籠子，整頓規範金融秩序，嚴厲打擊金融詐騙、非法集資和證券期貨領域的違法犯罪活動，堅決守住不發生系統性區域性風險的底線。

We will deepen reform of the financial sector. We will move faster in the reform to improve the modern financial regulatory system and ensure that the financial sector serves the real economy more efficiently and that regulation covers all financial risks. Interest rates will be further liberalized. Improvements will be made to the market-based mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate to ensure it remains generally stable at an appropriate and balanced level. We will deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks as well as development and policy-backed financial institutions, develop private banks, and launch trials to allow commercial banks to participate in combined debt-equity investments into startups and small businesses. We will move forward with the reform of stock and bond markets and increase the level of rule of law in their development, promote the sound development of the multilevel capital market, and ensure that the proportion of direct financing is increased. The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect will be launched at an appropriate time. A catastrophe insurance system will be established. We will work to see that Internet finance develops in line with regulations, and we will make a major push to develop inclusive and green finance. We will strengthen unified, macroprudential management of foreign debt. We will tighten institutional constraints, safeguard order in the financial sector, crack down on financial fraud, illegal fundraising, and unlawful and criminal activities in the securities and futures markets, and make sure that no systemic or regional financial risks arise.

（二）加強供給側結構性改革，增強持續增長動力。圍繞解決重點領域的突出矛盾和問題，加快破除體制機制障礙，以供給側結構性改革提高供給體系的質量和效率，進一步激發市場活力和社會創造力。

2. Strengthen supply-side structural reform to drive sustained growth

To solve acute problems in key areas, we must work faster to remove institutional obstacles and carry out supply-side structural reform to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system, and further stimulate market vitality and the creativity of society.

推動簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革向縱深發展。以敬民之心，行簡政之道，切實轉變政府職能、提高效能。繼續大力削減行政審批事項，注重解決放權不同步、不協調、不到位問題，對下放的審批事項，要讓地方能接得住、管得好。深化商事制度改革，開展證照分離試點。

-- We will deepen reforms to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.

With the people in mind, we will streamline administration, transform the functions of the government, and improve its performance. As we continue to cancel the requirement of government review for more matters, we will focus on addressing unsynchronized, uncoordinated, and incomplete delegation of powers and make sure that local governments to which powers of review have been delegated are able to properly exercise those powers.We will deepen reform of the business system and launch trials to separate operating permits and business licenses. 

全面公佈地方政府權力和責任清單，在部分地區試行市場準入負面清單制度。對行政事業性收費、政府定價或指導價經營服務性收費、政府性基金、國家職業資格，實行目錄清單管理。加快建設統一開放、競爭有序的市場體系，打破地方保護。深化價格改革，加強價格監管。

We will release the lists of all powers and responsibilities of local governments, and begin piloting a negative list for market access in some regions. We will draw up lists and catalogues to manage administrative charges, business fees and charges set by the government or set under its guidance, government-managed funds, and professional qualifications recognized by the state. We will move faster to establish a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, and put an end to local protectionism. We will deepen pricing reform and tighten up supervision of prices.