人機圍棋對弈第二回合 AlphaGo再次勝出

Google’s AlphaGo computer is two ahead in its five-game match of wits against the world champion of the ancient Chinese game of Go, leaving the human competitor “speechless” and the designer behind the machine surprised.

谷歌(Google)的AlphaGo電腦再度擊敗世界圍棋冠軍，在這種古老的中國棋類遊戲的五局“人機對戰”中連勝兩局。賽後，人類圍棋高手坦承“無言以對”，而機器的設計者表示意外。

Lee Se-Dol said he was in shock at losing to a machine after it beat him in the first game on Wednesday. On Thursday, after losing the second contest, he said he could not identify a weakness in AlphaGo, saying: “At no time did I feel that I was leading, and I thought that AlphaGo played a near-perfect game.”

韓國九段棋手李世石(Lee Se-Dol)表示，在週三舉行的首場對弈中敗在機器手下，使他處於震驚之中。週四，在輸掉第二局後，他承認自己看不出AlphaGo的任何弱點，稱：“我自始至終不覺得自己佔上風，我認爲AlphaGo走出了近乎完美的棋局。”

Demis Hassabis, chief executive of Google DeepMind, the London-based unit behind AlphaGo, tweeted his surprise immediately after the victory. “AlphaGo wins match 2, to take a 2-0 lead! Hard for us to believe,” he said. “AlphaGo played some beautiful creative moves in this game. Mega-tense.”

AlphaGo背後的倫敦團隊——谷歌旗下DeepMind的首席執行官傑米斯•哈薩比斯(Demis Hassabis)在獲勝後立即在Twitter發帖表示意外。“AlphaGo勝2場，以2-0領先！我們很難相信，”他表示。“AlphaGo在這盤棋中走出了幾步有創意的走法。緊張至極。”

The match is seen by observers as a big moment in the development of artificial intelligence, underlying the capacity of computers to replicate and improve on the human decisions needed to play complex board games.

此次對弈被觀察者視爲人工智能發展的一個重要時刻，突顯電腦有能力複製和改進人類決策，這種能力是進行復雜的棋類遊戲所必需的。

Go is considered one of the most complex board games. It is played on a board made up of a grid of 19 by 19 squares. The game opens with players taking turns to place black and white playing pieces, known as “stones”, on the vacant intersections, known as the “points” of the board.

圍棋被認爲是最複雜的棋類遊戲之一，使用19x19的網格狀棋盤。對弈雙方分別執白棋和黑棋，輪流在棋盤網格的空白交叉點上放置自己的棋子。

The objective, as the translation of its name implies, is to surround a larger total area of the board than your opponent by the end of the game.

顧名思義，圍棋的目標是在比賽結束時比你的對手圍住更大面積的棋盤空間。

Google’s development of its AlphaGo computer is the latest attempt by a technology company to use AI to try and outwit humans in games. IBM’s Deep Blue beat Garry Kasparov at chess in 1997, and the company’s Watson won the US television quiz show Jeopardy! in 2011.

谷歌開發AlphaGo電腦是一家科技公司利用人工智能試圖在遊戲中智勝人類的最新嘗試。1997年IBM的“深藍”(Deep Blue)擊敗國際象棋世界冠軍加里•卡斯帕羅夫(Garry Kasparov)，2011年，該公司的“沃森”(Watson)贏得美國電視智力競賽節目《危險邊緣》(Jeopardy)。

The contest is being staged in Seoul and has generated huge interest. The first match was livestreamed and watched by 60m viewers in China alone, with an estimated global audience of 100m.

正在首爾舉行的此次對弈，受到了極大關注。第一場比賽被實況轉播，僅在中國就有6000萬人觀看，全球觀衆人數估計達到1億。

In October, AlphaGo beat Fan Hui, the European Go champion, by five games to zero — a feat experts had predicted would take a decade.

去年10月，AlphaGo在與歐洲圍棋冠軍樊麾的對弈中以5-0完勝——之前專家們預計10年後機器纔會贏。

Mr Lee had expressed his confidence ahead of the match but after losing the first contest, said he “was very surprised because I did not think I would lose the game”.

李世石在賽前信心滿滿，但在輸掉第一場比賽後表示“非常吃驚，因爲我沒想到我會輸掉比賽”。

Go originated more than 2,500 years ago in ancient China, and is one of the oldest board games played today. In imperial China, it was considered one of the four essential arts of a cultured scholar.

圍棋發源於2500年前的中國，是流行至今的最古老棋類遊戲之一。在中國古代，圍棋被認爲是文人的琴棋書畫四藝之一。

The game is also used in some schools in the UK in mathematics classes where it is said to help pupils understand statistical concepts such as probability.

在英國一些學校，圍棋也被用於數學課，據稱它能幫助學生理解統計概念，如概率。

Comparing Go with Chess, the British Go Association said both are strategy games but “where chess is a hierarchical game where the object is to catch the king, Go is an imperial game where each player seeks to enclose more territory on the board than his opponent does.”

據英國圍棋協會(British Go Association)介紹，圍棋和國際象棋都是戰略遊戲，但“國際象棋是一種講等級的遊戲，其目標是要‘將死’王，而圍棋是一種帝王遊戲，對弈雙方尋求在棋盤上比對手圍住更大地盤”。