奧巴馬在G20匹茲堡峯會記者會講話
THE PRESIDENT: Good afternoon. Let me, first of all, thank Mayor Luke Ravenstahl, County Executive Dan Onorato, and the people of Pittsburgh for being just extraordinary hosts. Last night during the dinner that I had with world leaders, so many of them commented on the fact that sometime in the past they had been to Pittsburgh -- in some cases it was 20 or 25 or 30 years ago -- and coming back they were so impressed with the revitalization of the city. A number of them remarked on the fact that it pointed to lessons that they could take away in revitalizing manufacturing towns in their home countries. The people here have been just extraordinary, and so I want to thank all of you for the great hospitality.
總統：下午好。首先請允許我對市長盧克•雷文斯塔爾（Luke Ravenstahl）、郡長丹•奧諾拉託（Dan Onorato）和匹茲堡市民如此盛情的接待表示感謝。昨天晚上，我與來自全世界的領導人共同出席晚宴，席間很多人都發表了自己的感想，因爲他們以前曾經來過匹茲堡 -- 有些是20年、25年前，甚至30年前的事 -- 但他們今日故地重遊，都爲這座城市重新煥發青春不勝感佩。其中有些人還表示，他們從中得到啓發，可以將經驗帶回本國，爲恢復國內製造業城市的活力提供借鑑。這裏的人民的確不同凡響。爲此，我對諸位的熱情款待表示感謝。
I will tell you I'm a little resentful because I did not get to Pamela's Diner for pancakes. (Laughter.) Although, Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama of Japan did get pancakes. And I don't know how he worked that, but he was raving about them.
告訴諸位，我還有一點小小的遺憾，因爲我沒有機會去帕梅拉餐廳（Pamela's Diner）品嚐煎餅。（笑聲）不過，日本首相鳩山由紀夫（Yukio Hatoyama）享受了煎餅的美味。我不知道他怎麼辦到的。但是他對煎餅始終讚不絕口。
Six months ago, I said that the London Summit marked a turning point in the G20's effort to prevent economic catastrophe. And here in Pittsburgh, we've taken several significant steps forward to secure our recovery, and transition to strong, sustainable, and balanced economic growth. We brought the global economy back from the brink. We laid the groundwork today for long-term prosperity, as well.
早在6個月前，我曾說過，倫敦峯會（London Summit）是G20努力防止經濟災難的一個轉折點。今天在匹茲堡，我們已經採取諸多重大步驟，爲我們的復甦提供保障，逐步實現經濟的穩健、可持續和平衡的增長。通過我們的努力，全球經濟脫離了危險。我們今天也爲長期的繁榮奠定了基礎。
It's worth recalling the situation we faced six months ago -- a contracting economy, skyrocketing unemployment, stagnant trade, and a financial system that was nearly frozen. Some were warning of a second Great Depression. But because of the bold and coordinated action that we took, millions of jobs have been saved or created; the decline in output has been stopped; financial markets have come back to life; and we stopped the crisis from spreading further to the developing world.
不妨回顧一下，我們6個月前面臨的局勢 – 經濟萎縮，失業劇增，貿易停滯，金融系統幾乎停止運行。有人驚呼可能出現第2次大蕭條（Great Depression）。但是，由於我們採取了大膽和相互協調的行動，千百萬個工作機會得到挽救，新工作機會也一個個出現；產量下降的趨勢被制止；金融市場春風回暖；我們還防止了危機向發展中國家進一步蔓延。
Still, we know there is much further to go. Too many Americans are still out of work, and struggling to pay bills. Too many families are uncertain about what the future will bring. Because our global economy is now fundamentally interconnected, we need to act together to make sure our recovery creates new jobs and industries, while preventing the kinds of imbalances and abuse that led us into this crisis.
儘管如此，我們知道，前面還有很長的路。很多美國人仍然沒有工作，難以應付各項開支。不少家庭感到前途不明。由於各國的經濟相互聯繫，我們必須共同採取行動，保證我們的復甦有助於創造新工作和新產業，同時防止曾經使我們陷入這場危機的不平衡現象和瀆職行爲再次發生。
Pittsburgh was a perfect venue for this work. This city has known its share of hard times, as older industries like steel could no longer sustain growth. But Pittsburgh picked itself up, and it dusted itself off, and is making the transition to job-creating industries of the future -- from biotechnology to clean energy. It serves as a model for turning the page to a 21st century economy, and a reminder that the key to our future prosperity lies not just in New York or Los Angeles or Washington -- but in places like Pittsburgh.
在這方面，以匹茲堡作爲會議地點適逢其會。這座城市也曾經歷自己的艱難時刻，因爲鋼鐵等陳舊的工業無法再維持增長。然而，匹茲堡振奮精神，重新出發，目前正逐步轉型，發展有助於創造工作機會的未來產業 –– 從生物技術到清潔能源等。匹茲堡是向21世紀經濟過渡的楷模。匹茲堡還提醒我們，我們未來繁榮的關鍵不僅在於紐約（New York），不僅在於洛杉磯（Los Angeles）和華盛頓（Washington），而且也離不開匹茲堡這樣的城市。
Today, we took bold and concerted action to secure that prosperity, and to forge a new Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth.
今天，我們爲保障未來的繁榮採取了大膽和協調一致的行動，建立了新的“穩健、可持續與平衡增長框架“（Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth）。First, we agreed to sustain our recovery plans until growth is restored, and a new framework for prosperity is in place. Our coordinated stimulus plans played an indispensable role in averting catastrophe. Now, we must make sure that when growth returns -- jobs do, too. That's why we will continue our stimulus efforts until our people are back to work, and phase them out when our recovery is strong.
首先，我們同意維持我們的復甦方案，直到經濟恢復增長，直到爲繁榮制定的新框架得到實施。我們相互協調的刺激經濟方案爲避免災難發揮了不可缺少的作用。目前，我們必須切實做到，在恢復增長之時— 工作機會也能得到保證。正是出於這個原因，我們將繼續我們刺激經濟的行動，直到我們的人民重回工作崗位，一俟我們的復甦達到堅實的程度，即可逐步退出。
But we can't stop there. Going forward, we cannot tolerate the same old boom and bust economy of the past. We can't grow complacent. We can't wait for a crisis to cooperate. That's why our new framework will allow each of us to assess the others' policies, to build consensus on reform, and to ensure that global demand supports growth for all.
但是我們不能到此爲止。展望未來，我們不能允許以往經濟盛衰交替的現象重演。我們不可固步自封。我們不能等到危機發生再相互合作。正是出於這個原因，我們的新框架要求我們相互評估政策的得失，就改革問題建立共識，並保證全球的需求帶動全體經濟的共同增長。
Second, we agreed to take concrete steps to move forward with tough, new financial regulations so that crises like this can never happen again. Never again should we let the schemes of a reckless few put the world's financial system -- and our people's well-being -- at risk. Those who abuse the system must be held accountable. Those who act irresponsibly must not count on taxpayer dollars. Those days are over.
第二，我們同意採取具體步驟制定嚴格的新金融監管條例，確保類似眼前的危機永遠不再發生。我們決不能再容許少數人以肆無忌憚的圖謀把世界金融體系乃至我們各國人民的福祉置於險境。對於那些破壞該體系的人，必須追究其責任。對於那些不負責任的人，決不能用納稅人的錢姑息養奸。那種日子一去不復返了。
That's why we've agreed on a strong set of reforms. We will bring more transparency to the derivatives market. And we will strengthen national capital standards, so that banks can withstand losses and pay for their own risks. We will create more powerful tools to hold large global financial firms accountable, and orderly procedures to manage failures without burdening taxpayers. And we will tie executive pay to long-term performance, so that sound decisions are rewarded instead of short-term greed. In short, our financial system will be far different and more secure than the one that failed so dramatically last year.
因此，我們一致同意推行一組強有力的改革措施。我們將提高衍生工具市場的透明度。我們將強化國家資本標準，使銀行能夠承受損失，彌補自身風險。我們將建立更健全的機制，迫使大型全球性金融公司承擔責任，同時制定可穩步實施的程序，在不增加納稅人負擔的情況下管理風險。我們還將把高層主管的薪資與長期業績掛鉤，獎勵明智的決策而不是貪婪的急功近利行爲。總之，我們的金融體系與去年在短短時間內陷入癱瘓的體系相比將有天壤之別，其安全保障將顯著增強。
Third, we agreed to phase out subsidies for fossil fuels so that we can transition to a 21st century energy economy -- an historic effort that would ultimately phase out nearly $300 billion in global subsidies. This reform will increase our energy security. It will help transform our economy, so that we're creating the clean energy jobs of the future. And it will help us combat the threat posed by climate change. As I said earlier this week in New York, all nations have a responsibility to meet this challenge, and together, we have taken a substantial step forward in meeting that responsibility.
第三，我們一致同意分階段終止爲化石燃料提供補貼，以便完成向21世紀能源經濟的過渡——這是一項具有重大歷史意義的努力，最終將在全世界撤除近三千億美元的補貼。此項改革將增進我們的能源保障，有助於我們的經濟轉型，使我們在未來的清潔能源領域創造就業機會。它還將有助於我們抗擊氣候變化帶來的威脅。 正如本週早些時候我在紐約所言，所有國家都有責任迎接這一挑戰，通過共同努力，我們在履行此項責任方面向前邁出了一大步。
Finally, we agreed to reform our system of global economic cooperation and governance. We can no longer meet the challenges of the 21st century economy with 20th century approaches. And that's why the G20 will take the lead in building a new approach to cooperation. To make our institutions reflect the reality of our times, we will shift more responsibility to emerging economies within the International Monetary Fund, and give them a greater voice. To build new markets, and help the world's most vulnerable citizens climb out of poverty, we established a new World Bank Trust Fund to support investments in food security and financing for clean and affordable energy. And to ensure that we keep our commitments, we agreed to continue to take stock of our efforts going forward.
最後，我們一致同意改革我們的全球經濟合作與治理體制。我們不能再用20世紀的方法應對21世紀經濟帶來的挑戰。因此，G20將帶頭制定一種新的合作方法。爲使我們的機構反映這個時代的現實，我們將在國際貨幣基金組織內部讓新興經濟體承擔更多責任，並賦予它們更大的發言權。爲了建立新市場，幫助世界上掙扎在厄運邊緣的人們擺脫貧困，我們建立了一個新的世界銀行信託基金，以支持食品保障方面的投資，併爲開發價格適度的清潔能源提供資金。爲了確保承諾得到履行，我們一致同意在今後繼續追蹤我們的努力結果。
We have learned, time and again, that in the 21st century, the nations of the world share mutual interests. That's why I've called for a new era of engagement that yields real results for our people -- an era when nations live up to their responsibilities, and act on behalf of our shared security and prosperity.
我們一再體驗到，21世紀的世界各國擁有共同利益。因此，我呼籲開闢一個能爲我們的人民帶來實惠的、注重交往的新紀元。在這個新紀元中，各國承擔起應盡的責任，併爲共同的安全和繁榮採取行動。
And that's exactly the kind of strong cooperation that we forged here in Pittsburgh, and earlier this week in New York. Indeed, on issue after issue, we see that the international community is beginning to move forward together. At the G20, we've achieved a level of tangible, global economic cooperation that we have never seen before, while also acting to address the threat posed by climate change. At the United Nations Security Council, we passed a historic resolution to secure loose nuclear materials, to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, and to seek the security of a world without them. And as we approach negotiations with Iran on October 1st, we have never been more united in standing with the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China and Germany in demanding that Iran live up to its responsibilities.
這正是我們在匹茲堡以及本週早些時候在紐約建立的這種強有力的合作。的確，在許多問題上，我們都看到國際社會開始攜手並進。在G20會議上，我們實現了前所未有的、具體的全球經濟合作，同時採取行動應對氣候變化的威脅。在聯合國安理會會議上，我們通過了一項具有歷史意義的決議，增強散落核材料的保安措施，制止核武器擴散，尋求一個安全的、沒有核武器的世界。在我們即將於10月1日同伊朗進行談判之際，我們與英國、法國、俄羅斯、中國和德國的立場達到空前一致，共同要求伊朗履行其責任。
On all of these challenges, there is much more work to be done. But we leave here today more confident and more united in the common effort of advancing security and prosperity for all of our people.
在應對所有這些挑戰方面都有更多工作要做。但是，當我們今天離開此地時，我們更有信心，更加團結，決心爲增進我們各國人民的安全和繁榮共同努力。
So I'm very grateful to the other world leaders who are here today. And with that, let me take a few questions. I'll start with Ben Feller of AP.
因此，我對今天與會的其他國家的領導人深表感謝。我的講話到此結束，現在回答幾個問題。請美聯社的Ben Feller先提問。
