歷史上的中美三個聯合公報

中華人民共和國和美利堅合衆國聯合公報（“上海公報”）
Joint Communique of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China

（1972年2月28日）February 28, 1972

應中華人民共和國總理周恩來的邀請，美利堅合衆國總統理查德•尼克松自一九七二年二月二十一日至二月二十八日訪問了中華人民共和國。陪同總統的有尼克松夫人、美國國務卿威廉•羅傑斯、總統助理亨利•基辛格博士和其他美國官員。
President Richard Nixon of the United States of America visited the People's Republic of China at the invitation of Premier Chou En-lai of the People's Republic of China from February 21 to February 28, 1972. Accompanying the President were Mrs. Nixon, U.S. Secretary of State William Rogers, Assistant to the President Dr. Henry Kissinger, and other American officials.

尼克松總統於二月二十一日會見了中國共產黨主席毛澤東。兩位領導人就中美關係和國際事務認真、坦率地交換了意見。
President Nixon met with Chairman Mao Tsetung of the Communist Party of China on February 21. The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on Sino-U.S. relations and world affairs.

訪問中，尼克松總統和周恩來總理就美利堅合衆國和中華人民共和國關係正常化以及雙方關心的其他問題進行了廣泛、認真和坦率的討論。此外，國務卿威廉•羅傑斯和外交部長姬鵬飛也以同樣精神進行了會談。
During the visit, extensive, earnest and frank discussions were held between President Nixon and Premier Chou En-lai on the normalization of relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, as well as on other matters of interest to both sides. In addition, Secretary of State William Rogers and Foreign Minister Chi Peng-fei held talks in the same spirit.

尼克松總統及其一行訪問了北京，參觀了文化、工業和農業項目，還訪問了杭州和上海，在那裏繼續同中國領導人進行討論，並參觀了類似的項目。
President Nixon and his party visited Peking and viewed cultural, industrial and agricultural sites, and they also toured Hangchow and Shanghai where, continuing discussions with Chinese leaders, they viewed similar places of interest.

中華人民共和國和美利堅合衆國領導人經過這麼多年一直沒有接觸之後，現在有機會坦率地互相介紹彼此對各種問題的觀點，對此，雙方認爲是有益的。他們回顧了經歷着重大變化和巨大動盪的國際形勢，闡明瞭各自的立場和態度。
The leaders of the People's Republic of China and the United States of America found it beneficial to have this opportunity, after so many years without contact, to present candidly to one another their views on a variety of issues. They reviewed the international situation in which important changes and great upheavals are taking place and expounded their respective positions and attitudes.

中國方面聲明：哪裏有壓迫，哪裏就有反抗。國家要獨立，民族要解放，人民要革命，已成爲不可抗拒的歷史潮流。國家不分大小，應該一律平等，大國不應欺負小國，強國不應欺負弱國。中國決不做超級大國，並且反對任何霸權主義和強權政治。中國方面表示：堅決支持一切被壓迫人民和被壓迫民族爭取自由、解放的鬥爭；各國人民有權按照自己的意願，選擇本國的社會制度，有權維護本國獨立、主權和領土完整，反對外來侵略、干涉、控制和顛覆。一切外國軍隊都應撤回本國去。中國方面表示：堅決支持越南、老撾、柬埔寨三國人民爲實現自己的目標所作的努力，堅決支持越南南方共和臨時革命政府的七點建議以及在今年二月對其中兩個關鍵問題的說明和印度支那人民最高級會議聯合聲明；堅決支持朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府一九七一年四月十二日提出的朝鮮和平統一的八點方案和取消“聯合國韓國統一復興委員會”的主張；堅決反對日本軍國主義的復活和對外擴張，堅決支持日本人民要求建立一個獨立、民主、和平和中立的日本的願望；堅決主張印度和巴基斯坦按照聯合國關係印巴問題的決議，立即把自己的軍隊全部撤回到本國境內以及查謨和克什米爾停火線的各自一方，堅決支持巴基斯坦政府和人民維護獨立、主權的鬥爭以及查謨和克什米爾人民爭取自決權的鬥爭。
The Chinese side stated: Wherever there is oppression, there is resistance. Countries want independence, nations want liberation and the people want revolution——this has become the irresistible trend of history. All nations, big or small, should be equal: big nations should not bully the small and strong nations should not bully the weak. China will never be a superpower and it opposes hegemony and power politics of any kind. The Chinese side stated that it firmly supports the struggles of all the oppressed people and nations for freedom and liberation and that the people of all countries have the right to choose their social systems according their own wishes and the right to safeguard the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of their own countries and oppose foreign aggression, interference, control and subversion. All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries. The Chinese side expressed its firm support to the peoples of Viet Nam, Laos and Cambodia in their efforts for the attainment of their goal and its firm support to the seven-point proposal of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Viet Nam and the elaboration of February this year on the two key problems in the proposal, and to the Joint Declaration of the Summit Conference of the Indochinese Peoples. It firmly supports the eight-point program for the peaceful unification of Korea put forward by the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on April 12, 1971, and the stand for the abolition of the "U.N. Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea". It firmly opposes the revival and outward expansion of Japanese militarism and firmly supports the Japanese people's desire to build an independent, democratic, peaceful and neutral Japan. It firmly maintains that India and Pakistan should, in accor- dance with the United Nations resolutions on the Indo- Pakistan question, immediately withdraw all their forces to their respective territories and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir and firmly supports the Pakistan Government and people in their struggle to preserve their independence and sovereignty and the people of Jammu and Kashmir in their struggle for the right of self-determination.

美國方面聲明：爲了亞洲和世界的和平，需要對緩和當前的緊張局勢和消除衝突的基本原因作出努力。美國將致力於建立公正而穩定的和平。這種和平是公正的，因爲它滿足各國人民和各國爭取自由和進步的願望。這種和平是穩定的，因爲它消除外來侵略的危險。美國支持全世界各國人民在沒有外來壓力和干預的情況下取得個人自由和社會進步。美國相信，改善具有不同意識形態的國與國之間的聯繫，以便減少由於事故、錯誤估計或誤會而引起的對峙的危險，有助於緩和緊張局勢的努力。各國應該互相尊重並願進行和平競賽，讓行動作出最後判斷。任何國家都不應自稱一貫正確，各國都要準備爲了共同的利益重新檢查自己的態度。美國強調：應該允許印度支那各國人民在不受外來干涉的情況下決定自己的命運；美國一貫的首要目標是談判解決；越南共和國和美國在一九七二年一月二十七日提出的八點建議提供了實現這個目標的基礎；在談判得不到解決時，美國預計在符合印度支那每個國家自決這一目標的情況下從這個地區最終撤出所有美國軍隊。美國將保持其與大韓民國的密切聯繫和對它的支持；美國將支持大韓民國爲謀求在朝鮮半島緩和緊張局勢和增加聯繫的努力。美國最高度地珍視同日本的友好關係，並將繼續發展現存的緊密紐帶。按照一九七一年十二月二十一日聯合國安全理事會的決議，美國贊成印度和巴基斯坦之間的停火繼續下去，並把全部軍事力量撤至本國境內以及查謨和克什米爾停火線的各自一方；美國支持南亞各國人民和平地、不受軍事威脅地建設自己的未來的權利，而不使這個地區成爲大國競爭的目標。
The U.S. side stated: Peace in Asia and peace in the world requires efforts both to reduce immediate tensions and to eliminate the basic causes of con- flict. The United States will work for a just and secure peace: just, because it fulfills the aspira- tions of peoples and nations for freedom and progress; secure, because it removes the danger of foreign ag- gression. The United States supports individual free- dom and social progress for all the peoples of the world, free of outside pressure or intervention. The United States believes that the effort to reduce ten- sions is served by improving communication between countries that have different ideologies so as to lessen the risks of confrontation through accident, miscalculation or misunderstanding. Countries should treat each other with mutual respect and be willing to compete peacefully, letting performance be the ulti- mate judge. No country should claim infallibility and each country should be prepared to re-examine its own attitudes for the common good. The United States stressed that the peoples of Indochina should be al- lowed to determine their destiny without outside in- tervention; its constant primary objective has been a negotiated solution; the eight-point proposal put forward by the Republic of Viet Nam and the United States on January 27, 1972 represents a basis for the attainment of that objective; in the absence of a negotiated settlement the United States envisages the ultimate withdrawal of all U.S. forces from the region consistent with the aim of self-determination for each country of Indochina. The United States will maintain its close ties with and support for the Republic of Korea; the United States will support efforts of the Republic of Korea to seek a relaxation of tension and increased communication in the Korean peninsula. The United States places the highest value on its friendly relations with Japan; it will continue to develop the existing close bonds. Consistent with the United Nations Security Council Resolution of december 21, 1971, the United States favors the continuation of the ceasefire between India and Pakistan and the withdraw- al of all military forces to within their own territo- ries and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir; the United States supports the right of the peoples of South Asia to shape their own future in peace, free of military threat, and without having the area become the subject of great power rivalry.

中美兩國的社會制度和對外政策有着本質的區別。但是，雙方同意，各國不論社會制度如何，都應根據尊重各國主權和領土完整、不侵犯別國、不干涉別國內政、平等互利、和平共處的原則來處理國與國之間的關係。國際爭端應在此基礎上予以解決，而不訴諸武力和武力威脅。美國和中華人民共和國準備在他們的相互關係中實行這些原則。There are essential differences between China and the United States in their social systems and foreign policies. However, the two sides agreed that coun- tries, regardless of their social systems, should conduct their relations on the principles of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, non-aggression against other states, non-in- terference in the internal affairs of other states, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. International disputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the use or threat of force. The United States and the People's Republic of China are prepared to apply these principles to their mutual relations.考慮到國際關係的上述這些原則，雙方聲明：
With these principles of international relations in mind the two sides stated that:

──中美兩國關係走向正常化是符合所有國家的利益的；
progress toward the normalization of relations between China and the United States is in the inter- ests of all countries;

──雙方都希望減少國際軍事衝突的危險；
both wish to reduce the danger of international military conflict;

──任何一方都不應該在亞洲－太平洋地區謀求霸權，每一方都反對任何其他國家或國家集團建立這種霸權的努力；
neither should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacif- ic region and each is opposed to efforts by any other country or group of countries to establish such hege- mony;

──任何一方都不準備代表任何第三方進行談判，也不準備同對方達成針對其他國家的協議或諒解。
neither is prepared to negotiate on behalf of any third party or to enter into agreements or under- standings with the other directed at other states.

雙方都認爲，任何大國與另一大國進行勾結反對其他國家，或者大國在世界上劃分利益範圍，那都是違背世界各國人民利益的。
Both sides are of the view that it would be against the interests of the peoples of the world for any major country to collude with another against other countries, or for major countries to divide up the world into spheres of interest.

雙方回顧了中美兩國之間長期存在的嚴重爭端。中國方面重申自己的立場：臺灣問題是阻礙中美兩國關係正常化的關鍵問題；中華人民共和國政府是中國的唯一合法政府；臺灣是中國的一個省，早已歸還祖國；解放臺灣是中國內政，別國無權干涉；全部美國武裝力量和軍事設施必須從臺灣撤走。中國政府堅決反對任何旨在製造“一中一臺”、“一箇中國、兩個政府”、“兩個中國”、“臺灣獨立”和鼓吹“臺灣地位未定”的活動。
The two sides reviewed the long-standing serious disputes between China and the United States. The Chinese side reaffirmed its position: the Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the nor- malization of relations between China and the United States; the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland; the liberation of Taiwan is China's internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all U.S. forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of "one China, one Taiwan", "one China, two governments", "two Chinas", an "independent Taiwan" or advocate that "the status of Taiwan remains to be determined".

美國方面聲明：美國認識到，在臺灣海峽兩邊的所有中國人都認爲只有一箇中國，臺灣是中國的一部分。美國政府對這一立場不提出異議。它重申它對由中國人自己和平解決臺灣問題的關心。考慮到這一前景，它確認從臺灣撤出全部美國武裝力量和軍事設施的最終目標。在此期間，它將隨着這個地區緊張局勢的緩和逐步減少它在臺灣的武裝力量和軍事設施。雙方同意，擴大兩國人民之間的瞭解是可取的。爲此目的，他們就科學、技術、文化、體育和新聞等方面的具體領域進行了討論，在這些領域中進行人民之間的聯繫和交流將會是互相有利的。雙方各自承諾對進一步發展這種聯繫和交流提供便利。
The U.S. side declared: The United States ac- knowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Govern- ment does not challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese themselves. With this pros- pect in mind, it affirms the ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all U.S. forces and military installa- tions from Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progres- sively reduce its forces and military installations on Taiwan as the tension in the area diminishes. The two sides agreed that it is desirable to broaden the understanding between the two peoples. To this end, they discussed specific areas in such fields as science, technology, culture, sports and journal- ism, in which people-to-people contacts and exchanges would be mutually beneficial. Each side undertakes to facilitate the further development of such contacts and exchanges.

雙方把雙邊貿易看作是另一個可以帶來互利的領域，並一致認爲平等互利的經濟關係是符合兩國人民的利益的。他們同意爲逐步發展兩國間的貿易提供便利。
Both sides view bilateral trade as another area from which mutual benefit can be derived, and agreed that economic relations based on equality and mutual benefit are in the interest of the peoples of the two countries. They agree to facilitate the progressive development of trade between their two countries.

雙方同意，他們將通過不同渠道保持接觸，包括不定期地派遣美國高級代表前來北京，就促進兩國關係正常化進行具體磋商並繼續就共同關心的問題交換意見。
The two sides agreed that they will stay in con- tact through various channels, including the sending of a senior U.S. representative to Peking from time to time for concrete consultations to further the normal- ization of relations between the two countries and continue to exchange views on issues of common interest.

雙方希望，這次訪問的成果將爲兩國關係開闢新的前景。雙方相信，兩國關係正常化不僅符合中美兩國人民的利益，而且會對緩和亞洲及世界緊張局勢作出貢獻。
The two sides expressed the hope that the gains achieved during this visit would open up new prospects for the relations between the two countries. They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.

尼克松總統、尼克松夫人及美方一行對中華人民共和國政府和人民給予他們有禮貌的款待，表示感謝。
President Nixon, Mrs. Nixon and the American party expressed their appreciation for the gracious hospitality shown them by the Government and people of the People's Republic of China.《中美建交公報》

【中文版】
　　(1979.1.1)
　　1. 中華人民共和國和美利堅合衆國商定自一九七九年一月一日起互相承認並建立外交關係。
　　2. 美利堅合衆國承認中華人民共和國政府是中國的唯一合法政府。在此範圍內，美國人民將同臺灣人民保持文化、商務和其他非官方關係。
　　3. 中華人民共和國和美利堅合衆國重申上海公報中雙方一致同意的各項原則，並再次強調：
　　4. 雙方都希望減少國際軍事衝突的危險。
　　5. 任何一方都不應該在亞洲－太平洋地區以及世界上任何地區謀求霸權，每一方都反對任何國家或國家集團建立這種霸權的努力。
　　6. 任何一方都不準備代表任何第三方進行談判，也不準備同對方達成針對其他國家的協議或諒解。
　　7. 美利堅合衆國政府承認中國的立場，即只有一箇中國，臺灣是中國的一部分。
　　8. 雙方認爲，中美關係正常化不僅符合中國人民和美國人民的利益，而且有助於亞洲和世界的和平事業。
　　9. 中華人民共和國和美利堅合衆國將於一九七九年三月一日互派大使並建立大使館。

【英文版】
　　Joint Communique of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China
　　January 1, 1979
　　(The communique was released on December 15, 1978, in Washington and Beijing.)
　　 United States of America and the People's Republic of China have agreed to recognize each other and to establish diplomatic relations as of January 1, 1979.
　　 United States of America recognizes the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal Government of China. Within this context, the people of the United States will maintain cultural, commercial, and other unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan.
　　 United States of America and the People's Republic of China reaffirm the principles agreed on by the two sides in the Shanghai Communique and emphasize once again that:
　　 wish to reduce the danger of international military conflict.
　　her should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region or in any other region of the world and each is opposed to efforts by any other country or group of countries to establish such hegemony.
　　her is prepared to negotiate on behalf of any third party or to enter into agreements or understandings with the other directed at other states.
　　 Government of the United States of America acknowledges the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.
　　 believe that normalization of Sino-American relations is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the cause of peace in Asia and the world.
　　 United States of America and the People's Republic of China will exchange Ambassadors and establish Embassies on March 1, 1979.《八一七公報》

《中華人民共和國和美利堅合衆國聯合公報》（１９８２年）

（一九八二年八月十七日）

SINO-US JOINT COMMUNIQUE
17 August 1982

一、在中華人民共和國政府和美利堅合衆國政府發表的一九七九年一月一日建立外交關係的聯合公報中，美利堅合衆國承認中華人民共和國政府是中國的唯一合法政府，並承認中國的立場，即只有一箇中國，臺灣是中國的一部分。在此範圍內，雙方同意，美國人民將同臺灣人民繼續保持文化、商務和其他非官方關係。在此基礎上，中美兩國關係實現了正常化。
1. In the Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations on January 1, 1979, issued by the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People's Republic of China, the United States of America recognized the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal government of China, and it acknowledged the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China. Within that context, the two sides agreed that the people of the United States would continue to maintain cultural, commercial, and other unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan. On this basis, relations between the United States and China were normalized.

二、美國向臺灣出售武器的問題在兩國談判建交的過程中沒有得到解決。雙方的立場不一致，中方聲明在正常化以後將再次提出這個問題。雙方認識到這一問題將會嚴重妨礙中美關係的發展，因而在趙紫陽總理與羅納德•里根總統以及黃華副總理兼外長與亞歷山大•黑格國務卿於一九八一年十月會見時以及在此以後，雙方進一步就此進行了討論。
2. The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan was not settled in the course of negotiations between the two countries on establishing diplomatic relations. The two sides held differing positions, and the Chinese side stated that it would raise the issue again following normalization. Recognizing that this issue would seriously hamper the development of United States-China relations, they have held further discussions on it, during and since the meetings between President Ronald Reagan and Premier Zhao Ziyang and between Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig, Jr., and Vice Premier and Foreign Minister Huang Hua in October 1981.

三、互相尊重主權和領土完整、互不干涉內政是指導中美關係的根本原則。一九七二年二月二十八的上海公報確認了這些原則。一九七九年一月一日生效的建交公報又重申了這些原則。雙方強調聲明，這些原則仍是指導雙方關係所有方面的原則。
3. Respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity and non-interference each other's internal affairs constitute the fundamental principles guiding United States-China relations. These principles were confirmed in the Shanghai Communique of February 28, 1972 and reaffirmed in the Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations which came into effect on January 1, 1973. Both sides emphatically state that these principles continue to govern all aspects of their relations.

四、中國政府重申，臺灣問題是中國的內政。一九七九年一月一日中國發表的告臺灣同胞書宣佈了爭取和平統一祖國的大政方針。一九八一年九月三十日中國提出的九點方針是按照這一大政方針爭取和平解決臺灣問題的進一步重大努力。
4. The Chinese government reiterates that the question of Taiwan is China's internal affair. The Message to the Compatriots in Taiwan issued by China on January 1, 1979, promulgated a fundamental policy of striving for Peaceful reunification of the Motherland. The Nine-Point Proposal put forward by China on September 30, 1981 represented a Further major effort under this fundamental policy to strive for a peaceful solution to the Taiwan question.

五、美國政府非常重視它與中國的關係，並重申，它無意侵犯中國的主權和領土完整，無意干涉中國的內政，也無意執行“兩個中國”或“一中一臺”政策。美國政府理解並欣賞一九七九年一月一日中國發表的告臺灣同胞書和一九八一年九月三十日中國提出的九點方針中所表明的中國爭取和平解決臺灣問題的政策。臺灣問題上出現的新形勢也爲解決中美兩國在美國售臺武器問題上的分歧提供了有利的條件。
5. The United States Government attaches great importance to its relations with China, and reiterates that it has no intention of infringing on Chinese sovereignty and territorial integrity, or interfering in China's internal affairs, or pursuing a policy of "two Chinas" or "one China, one Taiwan." The United States Government understands and appreciates the Chinese policy of striving for a peaceful resolution of the Taiwan question as indicated in China's Message to Compatriots in Taiwan issued on January 1, 1979 and the Nine-Point Proposal put forward by China on September 30, 1981. The new situation which has emerged with regard to the Taiwan question also provides favorable conditions for the settlement of United States-China differences over the question of United States arms sales to Taiwan.

六、考慮到雙方的上述聲明，美國政府聲明，它不尋求執行一項長期向臺灣出售武器的政策，它向臺灣出售的武器在性能和數量上將不超過中美建交後近幾年供應的水平，它準備逐步減少它對臺灣的武器出售，並經過一段時間導致最後的解決。在作這樣的聲明時，美國承認中國關於徹底解決這一問題的一貫立場。
6. Having in mind the foregoing statements of both sides, the United States Government states that it does not seek to carry out a long-term policy of arms sales to Taiwan, that its arms sales to Taiwan will not exceed, either in qualitative or in quantitative terms, the level of those supplied in recent years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and China, and that it intends to reduce gradually its sales of arms to Taiwan, leading over a period of time to a final resolution. In so stating, the United States acknowledges China's consistent position regarding the thorough settlement of this issue.

七、爲了使美國售臺武器這個歷史遺留的問題，經過一段時間最終得到解決，兩國政府將盡一切努力，採取措施，創造條件，以利於徹底解決這個問題。
7. In order to bring about, over a period of time, a final settlement of the question of United States arms sales to Taiwan, which is an issue rooted in history, the two governments will make every effort to adopt measures and create conditions conducive to the thorough settlement of this issue.

八、中美關係的發展不僅符合兩國人民的利益，而且也有利於世界和平與穩定。雙方決心本着平等互利的原則，加強經濟、文化、教育、科技和其他方面的聯繫，爲繼續發展中美兩國政府和人民之間的關係共同作出重大努力。
8. The development of United States-China relations is not only in the interest of the two peoples but also conducive to peace and stability in the world. The two sides are determined, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit, to strengthen their- ties to the economic, cultural, educational, scientific, technological and other fields and make strong. joint efforts for the continued development of relations between the governments and peoples of the United States and China.

九、爲了使中美關係健康發展和維護世界和平、反對侵略擴張，兩國政府重申上海公報和建交公報中雙方一致同意的各項原則。雙方將就共同關心的雙邊問題和國際問題保持接觸並進行適當的磋商。
9. In order to bring about the healthy development of United States China relations, maintain world peace and oppose aggression and expansion, the two governments reaffirm the principles agreed on by the two sides in the Shanghai Communique and the Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations. The two sides will maintain contact and hold appropriate consultations on bilateral and international issues of common interest.