擁有美妙歷史的十大現代食物(上)

Everyone has their own favorite foods to choose from, but how many of our beloved foods do we know the history of? Who has sat down with their burger at a fast food chain and asked themselves 'Where did the idea of burgers come from?' Probably nobody, as their mouth would be full of burger before the thought would even occur to them. Some of the foods we eat day-in, day-out, however, can have surprisingly long histories behind them. In this list, we'll be exploring the origin stories behind ten commonplace foods from around the world. Try not to get too hungry.

每個人都有自己喜愛的食物，但我們對它的歷史瞭解多少呢？誰會在快餐店裏拿着漢堡坐下，然後問自己："漢堡的主意來自哪裏呢？"可能不會有人這麼做，因爲在他們這麼想之前，嘴巴就已經被漢堡塞滿了。然而，我們每天所吃的食物背後可能存在着令人吃驚的悠久歷史。在這篇文章裏，我們將瞭解全球常見的10種食物背後的故事。可不要太餓哦。

ers

10.漢堡包

A lot of people reckon that the burger was an American invention, but they were by no means the first country to think it up. The humble burger, like many other foods, actually has quite a long history attached to it. Perhaps it did not have cheese, onions, and buns to go with it, but it was definitely there.

很多人認爲漢堡包是美國人的發明，但他們絕不是第一個想出這個點子的國家。像其他很多食物一樣，平凡的漢堡包實際上有着非常悠久的歷史。或許那時它還沒有加奶酪、洋蔥和小圓麪包，但它確實已經出現在那裏。

The full name, 'hamburger', originates from 1880, when German immigrants created the meal within Hamburg, Germany. In order to make a beef steak, they would grind up the meat and create a steak from what remained, calling it a 'Hamburg steak'. This steak would eventually have its name shortened to 'hamburger'. What must be noted, however, was that this was the origin of the steak itself – nobody quite knows where the idea of sticking a hamburger between two buns came from. As for the steak itself, we have our German friends to thank for that. Big Macs would not be the same without you. There is a little bit of history that states that the Romans created the 'Isicia Omentata', regarded as the first burger. However, this appears to be a recipe for a sausage, rather than an actual burger. More on sausages later.

它的全名是"漢堡包"，起源於1880年，當時德國移民在漢堡發明了這種食物。爲了做牛排，他們將肉磨碎，用它製成肉餅，叫做"漢堡牛排"。這種牛肉餅的名字最後縮短成了"漢堡包"。但必須說明的是，這是牛排自身的起源——沒人知道把一個煎牛肉餅貼在兩個圓麪包之間的主意從哪兒來。至於牛排，我們要感謝德國朋友。要是沒有你們，現在的巨無霸也會不一樣。有一些歷史表明羅馬人發明了"Isicia Omentata"，這被認爲是第一款漢堡包。但是，它的製作食譜看起來像是一個香腸的食譜，而非真正的漢堡。後面會介紹更多關於香腸的內容。

ch Fries

9.炸薯條

Of all the foods to have an origin story, this one seems to be the most clear cut as to where it came from. Unfortunately, there's an ongoing dispute between France and Belgium as to who really made it.

在所有具有歷史起源的食物中，這一款食物的源起最清楚不過。不幸地是，法國與比利時一直在爭論到底是誰真正發明了這種食物。

The Belgian side of the story is that the 17th Century residents of the Meuse Valley in Belgium were not shy of frying things. They had a tendency to fry any fish that they caught, which made up the majority of what they ate. When winter came and the rivers froze over, the Belgians turned to the ever-reliable spud, preparing them in battered slices, the same way they prepared fish. The French side states that, in the late 17th Century, potatoes were regarded unfit for human consumption, and only for pigs to eat. When a famine struck in 1785, this mind-set changed, and the French gave the potato another chance. It caught on so well, by 1795 they were grown everywhere, with even some royal gardens being converted to help grow the friendly spud. During this boom, someone had the smart idea of frying the slices and selling them as 'frites'. Thus, the French fry was born. Whichever side you take, just remember that asking for 'Belgian fries' at a drive-thru will get you funny looks.

比利時的版本是：17世紀比利時默茲河流域的居民喜歡吃油炸食品。他們習慣把捕來的所有魚都進行油炸，這在他們的飲食中佔據了絕大部分。當冬天來臨，河流冰凍，比利時人就求助於他們一直以來所依賴的馬鈴薯，把它們切成薄片預備着，他們對魚也採取同樣的處理方式。法國的版本是：在17世紀後期，人們認爲土豆並不適合食用，只能用來餵豬。到1785年爆發了饑荒，這種想法才得以改變，法國人發現了土豆的另一個用途。它變得相當流行，到1795年已經在各個地方都有種植，甚至一些皇家公園都被改造以有利於這些友好的馬鈴薯生長。在這個土豆繁榮的時期，有人想出一個聰明的點子，將土豆切片並油炸，然後起名爲"炸薯條"進行售賣。薯條由此誕生。不論你相信哪個版本，只要記住，在汽車餐廳裏點一份"比利時薯條"會讓你看起來很搞笑。

ages

8.香腸

The exact origin of the sausage is unclear, with reports ranging around 50,000BC. There is an agreement, however, that the sausages, frankfurters, and hot dogs that people eat on a daily basis originated from a desire to preserve meat.

香腸的準確起源並不清楚，大約在公元前50000年就已經有了相關記載。不過存在着一個共識，那就是人們每天吃的香腸、法蘭克福香腸和熱狗都是源於人們保存肉類的願望。

Ever wonder why sausages are wrapped in some form of casing? The reason is that, before refrigeration, butchers would want to preserve meat during transit. They took the meat, organs, and blood of a slaughtered animal, sprinkled it with salt to preserve it, then wrapped the gristly results in the animal's intestine or stomach to stop it going off before it could be eaten. This is why some sausages contain a large amount of blood in their recipes; the origin of this practice was to help use up any blood that was left over after slaughtering an animal. We have no real use for salting today, given how good fridges can be with preserving meat. The tradition of meat in casing, however, still goes strong to this day.

想知道香腸爲什麼要用各種腸衣包裹？原因就是在冷藏之前，屠夫想要在運輸途中保存肉類。他們將動物屠殺，在所得的肉、五臟和血上撒鹽以便保存，然後將這些柔軟的東西包進動物的腸或胃裏，防止吃之前腐壞。這就是爲什麼有些香腸的製作食譜中包含有大量的血，這種做法是爲了用盡屠殺動物後所留下的所有血。在今天，我們已經無需再鹽醃肉類，因爲有冰箱可以保存肉類。但是，將肉灌進腸衣的傳統至今仍然盛行。

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7.披薩

Any time anyone mentions the dish, the image of black-haired, rotund Italian chefs kissing their fingers comes to mind. The 'traditional' image of the dish consisting of bread, tomatoes and cheese did, in fact, originate from Naples. The food was easy to make with little cost, and was regarded as something that the poor could eat to keep themselves going. It contained cheese, tomatoes and basil – very similar to the kind we consume today. The idea of placing food on top of flatbread, however, dates before the Italian invention.

任何時候想起這個食物，人們腦海中就會浮現出黑頭髮圓滾滾的意大利廚師親吻自己手指的畫面。這款食物包含着麪包、土豆和奶酪的"傳統"形象實際上起源於那不勒斯。這種食物容易製作，成本低，被認爲是窮人也能吃得起的東西。它包括奶酪、土豆和羅勒——與我們今天食用的很相似。但是，將食物鋪在麪餅上的主意最早由意大利人發明。

A lot of cultures – including the Romans and the Egyptians – came up with the concept of meal on top of flatbread, but the Persians were the first recorded case. When King Darius the Great ruled the Persian Empire, it is thought that his soldiers baked flatbreads on their shields, and added cheese and dates for flavouring. Ordering Dominos while in enemy territory just isn't ideal.

很多文化——包括羅馬與埃及——都給這種麪餅上面的食物下過定義，但波斯人最先進行了記錄。在大流士一世統治波斯帝國的時候，他的士兵就在盾牌上烤制面餅，並添加上奶酪和棗椰子調味。在敵人領地裏要求吃上達美樂披薩可不太現實。

to Ketchup

6.番茄醬

Everyone would probably think that tomato ketchup would originate from the US, and they'd be right. The first recipe popped up in 1801 in the 'Sugar House Book', an American publication. What's interesting about our favourite condiment, however, is that ketchup was based on an older recipe.

人人都會以爲番茄醬起源於美國，他們沒錯。第一份製作食譜於1801年出現在《糖屋書》中，這本書由美國出版。但是，有趣的是，這款我們最喜歡的調味品其實是在一份更加古老的食譜基礎之上製作而成。

Its original name is 'ke-tsiap' and it started in 17th Century China. While it has a name similar to the bottle of red stuff we shamelessly apply to everything, the actual sauce itself was made up of fish brine and spices. The Dutch and English would end up taking a few bottles back home with them, well-loved due to its ability to keep for large amounts of time, a key trait that sailors and travelers appreciated when stocking their larders. The sauce saw a lot of remixes on the original recipe – including a moment in time where mushrooms where a primary ingredient — before the tomato variation was devised.

它起初的名字是"ke-tsiap"，起源於17世紀的中國。儘管它的名字很像我們往各種食物上灑的紅色調料，但實際的調味汁本身卻是由魚露和香料製成。荷蘭人和英國人最後就帶了幾瓶回家，這種醬汁得到厚愛，因爲它能夠保存很長時間，水手和旅行者很喜歡將其儲存在食品室裏。在最初的食譜中，這種醬汁由很多種材料混合而成——最早的原料中還曾一度包含了蘑菇——後來才發明出了以番茄爲原料的變種。

翻譯：趙倩 來源：前十網