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年11月CATTI:二級三級口譯實務試題點評

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三級口譯實務試題點評:

年11月CATTI:二級三級口譯實務試題點評

對話翻譯:總體上比較簡單。只要瞭解情況,基本上不會產生太大的偏差,需要注意的是表達,特別是漢譯英的表達要儘量地道。下面僅就其中一部分較難表達法加以解釋。

Take to the street 上街遊行。

Burn with dissatisfaction 內心極度不滿。

廣泛的怨氣 great grievance or hatred

job scarce 工作很難找

pension right diminishing 養老金減少

inflation eat away their savings 通脹正在蠶食儲蓄(儲蓄因通脹而減少)

這些怨氣會產生什麼政治影響: What is the political consequence of these public anger?

If there is no coherent agenda 如果缺乏統一的目標(計劃)

所以政治家應該勇於擔當,迅速採取行動: The politicians must be courageous with their responsibility and take prompt actions.

政治家還應該講真話,尤其講明問題出在哪兒: Politicians also have to be honest. Particularly, they should tell the public honestly what the root of the problem is.

The assault on the whole of globalization is unwarranted. 對於全球化的全面攻擊是站不住腳 的。

(這裏,assault 這個字很難聽出來,應該說這與朗讀者的自然連讀關係比較大。)

如果設置更多障礙阻止商品,思想,資本和人員跨境流動,將會築成大錯。 It will be a great mistake to stop the cross-border flow of merchandizes, thoughts, capital and people with more barriers.

By any measure, the benefit enormously outweighs its cost 但不管怎麼說,都是利遠遠大於弊的。

英譯漢第一段:本段落選自奧巴馬在09年前後對於美國高鐵計劃的講話。句式短促有力,語言務實,貼切,生動,富於信息量,翻譯的時候注意做到準確和得體。

Para 1

Our highways are clogged with traffic. Our airports are choked with increased loads. We're at the mercy of fluctuating gas prices all too often; we pump too many greenhouse gases into the air.


這一段落突出體現了奧巴馬式的簡單而雅緻的風格,用詞很小,但非常貼切富於變化。對於劃線詞不要過分追求形神兼備,譯出即可。
重點詞:clog: 擁堵 choke:擠滿了人 at the mercy of: 受制於 pump:排放

para 3

The project is not some fanciful, pie-in-the-sky vision of the future. It is now. It is happening right now. It's been happening for decades. The problem is it's been happening elsewhere, not here. “這個項目正在進行中,已經開始了幾十年了,問題在於,這個項目出現在別處,而不是美國。”

看似簡單的段落要譯得清楚。happen一詞不能譯得很僵化,可以有所變化。

para 4

In France, high-speed rail has pulled regions from isolation, ignited growth, remade quiet towns into thriving tourist destinations. “這個項目正在進行中,已經開始了幾十年了,問題在於,這個項目出現在別處,而不是美國。”

句子中的劃線詞要靈活掌握

para 5

China, where such a service began just two years ago, may have more miles of high-speed rail service than any other country five years from now. 在中國,高鐵項目開展了僅僅兩年,但有在未來五年間,中國的高速鐵路長度比任何國家的都要長。

para 8

We'll create highly-skilled construction and operating jobs and generate demand for technology that gives a new generation of innovators andentrepreneurs the opportunity to step up and lead the way in the 21st century. “我們要創造高技術的建造和操作的就業崗位,並且對於技術產生需要,這種技術給了新一代的創造者和企業家以機會,踏上通向21世紀的道路並且成爲領導者。”

這一段落會在聽力以及表達上對考生構成挑戰,特別是兩處劃線部分都會令初級考生較爲費解。

para 9

That's the vision we can't afford to lose sight of. That's the challenge that's fallen to this generation. And with this strategy for America's transportation future, and our efforts across all fronts to lay a new foundation for our lasting prosperity. 這既是我們不能忽視的戰略眼光,也是我們這一代肩負的挑戰。這一戰略代表了美國交通運輸的未來,運用這一戰略,我們各個部門要共同努力爲我們永遠的繁榮奠定新的基礎。

在這一段落中,考生需要調整好自己說話的節奏和條理性,否則就會出現比較生硬,難以理解的譯文。

漢譯英:這一段落由一系列當前中國的時事以及中國政府政策拼湊而成,信息比較鬆散,沒有太多的專業名詞

para 1 難詞:扶搖直上—sky-rocket, soar

para 2

另一位受調查者說,2004年,100元夠他過半個月,而現在只夠4天。 Another person interviewed observed that he can live half a month on 100 yuan in 2004. But now 100 yuan could last only 4 days.

自2004年以來,通脹率已經遠遠超過他的工資上漲的速度。 Since 2004, his salary raise could hardly catch up with the inflation.

para 3

中國約有一半人口生活在農村,其中許多人從事農業生產。他們耕種小塊土地,或在院子裏養幾頭豬、幾隻雞。 Half of Chinese people live in the rural area and most of them take up agriculture as their livings, working on small patches of land and raising a few pigs and chickens in their court yards.

數百萬類似小農戶構成了中國農業分散的格局,這意味着中國的食品供應不穩定。 Millions of small farmers households make up the disperse structure of Chinese culture, which predicts the instability of Chinese food supply.

小農相比大型產業化經營的農場對市場價格的變化更爲敏感,小農更容易受農畜疾病或天氣變化所摧毀。 Compared with the large industrialized farms, the small farm are more sensitive to the market price changes and more vulnerable to farm animal diseases and weathers changes.

para 4

溫家寶總理在大連訪問低收入家庭和市場時對飛漲的物價表示關注。 On his visit to the market and low-income households in Dalian, Premier Wen Jiabao expressed his concern about the price surge.

他承諾政府將大力扶持養豬業,穩定豬肉價格,確保食品供應。 He promised that the government would stabilize the pork price through sponsoring the pig farming and guarantee the food supply.

二級口譯實務試題點評:

英譯漢第一段:
材料選自斯坦佛大學2007年一次全球化教育研討會上的主題講話,是一種比較標準的美國式學者講話,信息豐富,句式靈活,思辯性比較強,抽象概念較多,並列,排比,倒裝等手段均有使用。

Para 1:

屬於比較標準的“致感謝”結構,注意有關感謝的各種說法,例如“express my gratitude”, “appreciate/thank sb for something”,”my thanks also go to”, “I also owe my thanks to ” 這樣的內容幾乎出現於中英文所有的演講當中,要非常熟悉。

第二個分句中的international dimension,注意在英語日常用語中有大量從科學界,例如物理學界,化學界借用的詞彙來表達抽象意義,例如”scale”, “monad”, “sound byte” “particle”, “chemistry”等等,這裏的dimension是物理學詞彙“維度”,在上下文中可以譯爲方面。這種詞彙常常出現在正式的講話,例如聯合國講話或者學術講話中,需要有意識地積累。

para 2:

第一句話可以說是全篇文章當中最難的一句,難點在於同時綜合了口譯中的幾個考點.一是用分詞作主語,後接分詞賓語,加大了理解難度,二是幾個分詞的羅列,而且在第二個分詞當中仍然存在名詞的羅列,在記錄上造成了困難。三是存在一個rather…than的比較結構,而且離得比較遠,進一步增大了理解難度。而且,由於這句話出現在考試的開始階段, 學生往往還沒有充分準備好。如果考生聽力較好而且筆記訓練充分,可以利用筆記結構提示自己的理解。

1 Instilling a global perspective in our students; 2 exposing them to the histories, languages, religious traditions, and cultures of countries other than their own; and 3 building academic bridges between schools and colleges and their respective faculties around the world is today a scholarly imperative, rather than a luxury that educational institutions can dispense with at no cost to themselves or others.

記錄時要分清主次,上文中的劃實線部分爲需要同時用大腦和筆記記住的部分。在記錄三個分詞的同時,要積極地在大腦中將這三個詞轉化成中文。值得注意的是,前兩個分詞都存在一定轉化的難度。“instill”直譯爲“灌輸”轉爲“教會””expose”直譯 爲“暴露”轉譯爲“讓他們接觸”。這種瞬間轉化的能力要在日常生活中養成。劃曲線的部分可以用筆記加以加強,日常訓練時要加強自己記錄這些常見領域的符號練習,比如“政經文”,“文教衛”“文史哲”這類常常同時出現的領域,都應該有自己完整的符號體系。沒有劃線的部分可以用大腦的剩餘部分記憶理解要點,然後在翻譯過程中進行釋意。
最重要的是不要因爲不能完全翻譯或者沒有充分理解而影響情緒,否則得不償失,要記住無論任何一段有多難,在考試中也僅僅意味着幾分而已,後面還有機會。

難詞:imperative: 必要內容 luxury: 奢侈品,轉義爲昂貴的項目 dispense with:可以取消的,轉義爲可有可無的

para 3

短落較短較簡單,注意一個很俏皮的詞彙 domestic lens: 國內的眼鏡,轉義爲“本國的視角”

其他詞彙:alter: 改變 startle: 令人震驚 Albert Einstein: 阿爾伯特愛因斯坦(文化常識)

para 4:

難點同para 2,只不過分詞出現於賓語位置,理解起來較爲容易。

Whether we are 1 preparing students for careers in business that require unprecedented mobility and adaptability, 2 developing solutions to global environmental challenges, 3 preparing scientists and engineers who will collaborate globally, or 4 training the leaders who will influence the course of international affairs, schools and colleges must open their campuses to the world, 5 creating learning and teaching opportunities that will result in a respect for differences, as well as a recognition of commonalities.

這個句子結構比較複雜,關鍵在於聽懂關係。很多考生會在聽到主句時忘記前邊的whether,或者把主句也理解爲whether 從中當中的一部分,導致理解錯誤。在記錄時,可以用一個大括號把四個分詞豎列在一起,這樣就不會混亂了。分詞5的邏輯主語應當是school and colleges。此外,兩個劃曲線句爲定語從句,如果記錄得當,這些部分能夠各歸各位,難度其實並不太大。

para 5

這個段落當中有一個典型的英語邏輯遊戲。很多講話中都包含對於概念分析和釐定,需要考生能夠聽懂當中的關鍵,小心地進行分折和處理。
whether they consider themselves American universities with global perspectives, or global universities that happen to be based in the U.S.
這個句子的關鍵在於區分“美國大學”和“全球性大學”這兩個概念,一旦把握住了,後面的內容都是附加成份。“具有全球化觀念的美國大學”還是“碰巧設立在美國的全球性大學”

另一句話當中也包含了一個類似的轉折式邏輯判斷。

While we do not explicitly require that students take one or more courses whose content would expose them to the world outside the U.S., it would be the truly perverse student who could navigate our stringent academic requirements without doing so. “雖然我們不要求學生必須選擇一門或者幾門涉及到美國之外內容的課程,但是要想通過我們嚴格的學術要求,只有最爲另類的學生纔不會選擇這類課程。”

看似不起眼的without doing so實際上是翻好這句話的關鍵。指的是前面整個的while從句,

難詞:metri 直譯爲“公制尺度”轉譯爲“標準” Ivy League: 常青藤學校(美加八所歷史最悠久的大學,簡稱藤校。)

para 7

段落較爲簡單,注意一個連接的關係:each year we welcome international exchange students to Princeton in return for the ones we send abroad.這類詞組在英語當中有意義,翻譯時可以弱化爲“同時”

難詞:judicious: 明智的,英明的 craft menu: 設計課程 immerse: 沉浸於

英譯漢第二段:本段選自今年五月份中國網上發表的一篇經濟類文章,值得注意的是,近幾年來,國內的英文評論,包括中國日報,北京評論和中國網等媒體的評論,特別是政治,經濟,財經等方面的專業性評論,佔據了人事部英譯漢的半壁江山,這種命題方式也體現了翻譯考試立足中國,注重時效和實用性的特點,在考生準備時不妨根據這種特點,有針對性地加以閱讀並有意識地進行翻譯練習。本篇是典型的金融財經性評論,內容不深但對於很多英語專業出身的人來說,有很多相對不熟悉的詞彙與表達法。同時,朗讀者較爲典型的,有起伏的英音也成爲了很多考生爲之卻步的障礙。

Para 1

較簡單。注意幾個表達法in light of 在……情況下 fewer bubbles 減少泡沫經濟

Para 2

這段本身難度不大,新詞不多,但由於大量“半熟臉”的經濟詞彙同時出現會對大腦產生一種轟擊的效果。同時,這種經濟類文章具有特有的抽象性,使得考生會在一瞬間產生頭腦空白,聽到的信息往往支離破碎。在翻譯時要充分調動自己的分析能力對於句子進行積極介入。

we need a more aggressive lowering of the reserve requirement ratio for banks than has happened so far. This would provide enough liquidity and credit for private enterprises while keeping interest rates in the unofficial markets at lower levels that are less punishing for smaller players in the real economy.

經濟類文章說到底就是一個立場和態度的問題,在聽這段的時候,劃線處就是表達作者態度的地方,也是我們花力氣抓住的地方。從這個段落中我們可以聽到一系列的“降低”,“低水平”“影響較小”,從而把其它專門信息組合在一起。

難詞:reserve requirement ratio準備金率;liquidity 流動性;real economy 實體經濟;less punishing 影響較小

para 3 與第二段相似,注意一些態度詞

Second, when lowering the reserve requirement ratio, the central bank should also consider raising deposit rates aggressively over a period of time, so that they align more closely with the estimated medium and long-term inflation rate. In China's particular context, raising interest rates in the formal banking system is not intended to slow economic growth. Rather, it takes aim at entrenched inflation stemming from deeper structural problems and imbalances in China's economy.

如果捕捉到了以上詞彙,同時參考了上文的態度(降低準備金率,就是促進經濟流動性)就很容易推知這個段落中政策的邏輯性(加息)

難詞:deposit rate 儲蓄率;entrenched inflation 根深蒂固的通脹;stem from 源於

para 4

難詞:

temporary and ad hoc administrative restrictions 臨時出臺的行政限制

higher interest rates, higher down payments and transaction taxes 高利率,高首付和消費稅

fragment the market 分割市場

para 5

Fourth, to deal with a high-interest-rate environment in the future, China needs a new macro management tool: fiscal subsidies on interest payments for specific public projects and disadvantaged groups. In the current low-interest-rate environment, all investment projects that receive credit from the formal credit market are heavily subsidized through low deposit interest rates. This is regardless of whether their real return on capital is high or not. In effect, it is to the detriment of savers.

本段主要是關於對公共項目以及弱勢羣體補貼的問題。中間的劃線部分是難點,主要在於關係比較複雜。“在目前的低利率情況下,所有從正規信貸市場獲得信貸的投資項目都從低儲蓄利率當中獲得高補貼,”這句話看似複雜,其實就是因爲儲蓄利息低,項目投資人能夠獲得高的補貼。如果能夠把這句話的意思聽明白了,翻譯起來就容易了

難詞:to the detriment of 傷害

Para 6

有關制定規則,控制國際熱錢涌入,比較容易,略過

Para 7
爲上一段的說明:China can thus ensure the return inside its domestic financial markets is higher and compatible across bank deposits, stocks, bonds, and direct investment. 這裏的compatible可能會構成干擾,其實就是各種儲蓄,股票,證券和直接投資的收益比較合理。

漢譯英

第一段:選自一個Rob Wheeler在一個國際生態會議上的英文講話,值得注意的是,這次兩段漢譯英都是 “echo interpretation”也就是原文爲英文,命題者譯成漢語後再要求考翻譯回英語,從這一點上可以看到CATTI的漢譯英考試變得更注重原文的地道性和準確性以及國際化的內容,這與中國進一步融入世界是分不開的。

Para 1

“16億人缺少電力供應,十億多人缺乏清潔飲用水。24億人缺乏基本衛生條件。” 1.6 billion people lack access to electricity; more than a billion to clean water; 2.4 billion to basic sanitation

考數字翻譯,特別是大數翻譯以及詞彙的精確性,是口譯的基本測試標準。

Para 2

全球生態村網絡是一個正在發展的社區網絡,有數以千計的村莊加入其中,已發展成爲適宜人居的,可持續的村落。每個生態村的人口從二三十人到數百人不等。他們在全球範圍內定期舉行會議,還出版各種指南和通訊。 Network is a growing network of thousands of sustainable communities and initiatives typically range in size from twenty or thirty people to several hundreds living together in a community. Conferences are held around the globe on a regular basis. People publish directories and newsletters.

這個段落主要考的是句子結構與詞彙。特別是對於二級考生來說,良好的對於句子的節奏感,長短句變化的自主控制和對於詞彙的選擇是最重要的能力。好的句子往往可以做到不過分貼近原文而意思不變。

para 3

世界上每個大洲和大多數國家都有生態村。而中國是從示範村開始發展生態村網絡的。

浙江省滕頭村的以生態友好聞名全國。村裏的三分之一的道路是用風能或者太陽能電燈,所有住家均安裝了太陽能熱水器,每年節能五萬千瓦時。兩座生態廁所依靠雨水存儲技術每年節水9500噸。空氣監測站配備了電子屏。顯示當地氣溫,溼度,空氣質量等數據。 Tengtou village is known in China as an eco-friendly village. Wind and solar powered street lamps have been installed along one third of its roads; all the residential communities are equipped with solar water heating systems saving more than 50,000 KWH of electricity per year. Two eco-friendly toilets have been built where captured rainwater is stored, saving about 9,500 tons of water every year. The local air quality monitoring station features an electronic board on which the local temperature, humidity and air quality are shown.

這一段考的是詞彙和句式的變化,從詞彙角度說,很多日常生活中的東西我們要有意識地去掌握其精確的英語表達。比如“太陽能熱水器”“電子屏”等等,否則,盲目的編造必然會產生錯誤。 從句式角度,沒有經驗的譯者會把所有修飾部分都放在名詞前邊,使得句子沉重而不符合英文表達習慣。而且,沒有經驗的譯者會過分貼近字面“雨水存儲技術”之類的內容其實往往是可以簡化的。

漢譯英

第二段:出處不明,很可能是一個現場的講話,這種題目往往真實地反映口譯者日常工作的特點。難度不大,但詞彙,特別是專業詞彙較多。

Para 1

我在美國三十年,只做一件事情,就是給我們的地震學家和氣象學家設計最快的超級電腦。使他們能夠用最快速的計算手段進行復雜的計算和做各種研究。

難詞:

地震學家和氣象學家 seismologist and meteorologist

In the past three decade, the only thing I did in America was making fastest supercomputer for our seismologists and meteorologists so that they can engage in complicated computing and researches with the quickest means.


在口譯中,句型的變化和彈性非常關鍵,這個句子中的so that 可以起到換一口氣的作用,同時也給了句子新的人稱做主語。

簡單的說,雲計算是一種基於因特網的超級計算模式。是指有感知,有互聯,有協作,隨時隨地感知任何事物。 A simple explanation for cloud computing is that it is a super computing model based on the Internet. Cloud computing is a model that can perceive, interconnect, cooperate and feel anything at any time and place.


這句話的關鍵在於把句子的成份補齊,在口譯中閱卷過程中,常常聽到很多考生不能把話說全,或者句子之間的語法關鍵混亂或者說是令人產生疑問。這往往是由於受到中文句子不全的影響。

para 3

比如,科學家可以將雲計算用於地震,水災,旱災,沙塵暴等自然災害的預警上。預警做得越準確,時間越早越好。除了自然災害以外,我們還可能把雲計算用於人爲災害的預警上,包括環境污染,金融風暴,資源短缺甚至政變,戰爭等等。


這個段落主要考的還是詞彙和句法。

For example, scientist can use cloud computing to predict natural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, drought and sandstorms. It will be much better to have earlier and more accurate warnings. In addition, we can also apply the technique to disasters resulting from human activities, such as environmental hazard, financial crisis, resource shortages, even coups and wars.

Para 5

雲計算還可以帶來教育互動,將教育普及到世界每個角落,使資源得到有效利用。雲計算還可能進入智慧家庭,甚至影響我們下一代的社會價值觀。用雲計算帶動他們從小開始做公益,幫助他人。我希望在雲計算的新社會裏,新的智慧家庭會有新的突破。 Cloud computing also brings forth interactions in education. It can disseminate education everywhere in the world and use the resource more effectively. Cloud computing can also make its way in our smart home and shape the outlooks of our next generation. Cloud computing teaches the young to act for public good and help others. It is my wish to see new breakthroughs in the new smart homes of communities supported by cloud computing.