不用冰用液氮 戰鬥民族的冰桶挑戰
The ice bucket challenge may seem cool if you live in a place which is usually quite hot, but for those who dwell in a cold climate the idea is probably less impressive
冰桶挑戰看起來相當酷，但前提是你處在熱帶地區。而對於那些生活在寒冷地區的人們來說，這個活動也許就沒那麼吸引人了。
Like if you lived in chilly Russia, for example, the sensation of tipping a bucket of ice water over your head is probably not dissimilar to leaving the house on a rainy day.
比如說如果你住在寒冷的俄羅斯，一桶冰水從頭上澆下來的感覺也許和下大雨出門不拿傘的感覺差不多。
So it's perhaps no wonder that it's a Russian scientist who has staged the most spectacular spin yet of the ice bucket challenge – using minus 195 degree Celsius liquid nitrogen.
而一位俄國科學家不僅參與了冰桶挑戰，同時用的還是裝着零下195攝氏度的液氮的冰桶，這無疑是冰桶挑戰的升級版。
A spectacular video shows Anton Konovalov, 34, who works at a liquid nitrogen producing chemical plant in Kryansk, Krasnoyarsk Oblast, as he grabs the bucket and pours the bitterly cold liquid over his head.
從這段精彩的視頻中可以看到，在生產液氮的化工廠工作的34歲的安東·科諾瓦洛夫，抓起冰桶將其中的液氮從頭澆下。
Seconds earlier he had taken a branch with some leaves from a nearby tree and plunged into the liquid nitrogen, freezing it instantly so it could be crumbled into shards in his hands.
在澆之前，安東曾把一根小樹枝伸進冰桶裏，樹枝立刻被冰封，並很輕易地在他手中被碾成了碎片。
Yet when he pours the liquid nitrogen over his head, instead of freezing himself solid, he simply shakes his head and indicates yes, it is cold, but I'm still here.
當安東把液氮迎頭澆下後，並沒有像樹枝一樣被凍住，他只是搖搖頭，表示“雖然很冷，但我一切OK”。
Mr Konovalov said before the challenge: 'I am putting my faith in the laws of physics, biology and mathematics and I hope nothing will go wrong.
'挑戰之前安東曾說：“我懷着對物理、生物及數學原理的信任進行這場挑戰，希望一切順利”
Just to make sure he is not frozen solid after taking the liquid bath, his friend pokes him to check he is still soft as the intrepid scientist laughs into the camera.
爲確認安東確實安然無恙，液氮澆下之後，他的朋友們還上前觸碰他，可以看到他的皮膚依然是柔軟的。而這位勇敢的科學家面對鏡頭時還在哈哈大笑。
It's possible for liquid nitrogen to pass on top of human flesh without freezing, because when it is poured onto the human body, something called the Leidenfrost effect comes into play.
其實液氮流經皮膚而不對人體造成傷害是有可能的，因爲此時一種被稱爲“萊頓弗羅斯特效應”的現象會發生作用。
This is a phenomenon in which a liquid produces a layer of insulating vapour that prevents the liquid coming into direct contact with a surface significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point.
這種現象是指，當物體表面的溫度遠高於液體的沸點時，液體會形成蒸汽隔離層，因此不會和該物體表面發生直接接觸。
That is to say, because liquid nitrogen has such a low temperature, when it comes in contact with human skin, the temperature difference causes the Leidenfrost effect and it simply skims off the surface of the body.
也就是說由於液氮溫度太低，人的體溫相對來說極其炙熱，因此當液氮流經人體時會僅僅從皮膚表面掠過，這就是“萊頓弗羅斯特效應”。
