漲知識！關於國際婦女節你需要了解這些事

國際婦女節的由來

It’s difficult to say exactly when IWD (International Women's Day) began. Its roots can be traced to 1908, when 15,000 women marched through New York City demanding voting rights, better pay and shorter working hours.
很難確切說出國際婦女節是從何時開始的，它的起源可以追溯到1908年，當時15000名婦女在紐約市遊行，要求投票權、加薪和縮短工時。

A year later, the first National Woman’s Day was observed in the US on February 28, in accordance with a declaration by the Socialist Party of America.
一年後，按照美國社會黨的宣言，美國人在2月28日慶祝了第一個全國婦女節。

In 1910, a woman called Clara Zetkin – leader of the ‘women’s office’ for the Social Democratic Party in Germany – tabled the idea of an International Women’s Day. She suggested that every country should celebrate women on one day every year to push for their demands.
1910年，德國社會民主黨“女性辦公室”負責人克拉拉•蔡特金提出了國際婦女節的設想。她建議全世界都應該在每年的某一天慶祝婦女節，爲女性爭取權益。

A conference of more than 100 women from 17 countries agreed to her suggestion and IWD was formed. In 1911, it was celebrated for the first time in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland on March 19.
來自17個國家的100多名女性開會支持她的建議，並設立了國際婦女節。1911年，奧地利、丹麥、德國和瑞士在3月19日首次慶祝這一節日。

In 1913, it was decided to transfer IWD to March 8, and it has been celebrated on that day ever since. The day was only recognized by the United Nations in 1975, but ever since it has created a theme each year for the celebration.
1913年，人們決定將國際婦女節改到3月8日，自此每年都在這一天慶祝婦女節。1975年，國際婦女節獲得聯合國的承認，此後每年的婦女節慶祝活動都有一個主題。

我們爲什麼還在慶祝婦女節？

The original aim – to achieve full gender equality for women around the world – has still not been realized. A gender pay gap persists across the globe and women are still not present in equal numbers in business or politics. Figures show that globally, women’s education, health and violence towards women is still worse than that of men.
國際婦女節設立之初是爲了在全世界實現性別平等，這個目標至今仍未實現。世界各地仍然存在男女薪酬差異，女性在商界政界的佔比仍不平等。數據顯示，在全球範圍內，女性在教育、健康和遭受暴力侵害問題上的處境仍均比男性更糟糕。

According to the World Economic Forum, the gender gap won't close until 2186. On IWD, women across the world come together to force the world to recognize these inequalities – while also celebrating the achievements of women who have overcome these barriers.
據世界經濟論壇稱，性別差異要到2186年才能消失。在國際婦女節這一天，全球女性齊心協力讓世界正視這些不平等問題，同時爲克服了這些阻礙的女性所取得的成就而慶祝。

In 2017, women effectively worked "for free" for 51 days of the year because of the gender pay gap.
2017年，由於男女薪酬差異，女性實際上在這一年“免費”工作了51天。

In 2017, women's rights dominated the news, with a global reckoning on sexual misconduct rippling through industries.
2017年，隨着全世界打擊不正當性行爲的行動波及各行各業，女性權益話題成了最重要的新聞。

Following the outpouring of allegations against Harvey Weinstein and other prominent men in power, the #MeToo movement gave a voice to women on the abuse and harassment they suffer in film, fashion, music, politics and art.
在針對哈維•韋恩斯坦以及其他掌握權勢的男性名人的性侵指控爆發後，#MeToo運動讓女性能夠說出她們在電影、時尚、音樂、政治和藝術界所遭受的性侵犯和性騷擾。

TIME magazine then named the women speaking out against sexual and gender injustice their Person of the Year in December, naming the collective winner 'The Silence Breakers'.
隨後《時代》雜誌在去年12月將這些公開反對性別不平等的女性評爲“年度人物”，將這一羣體稱爲“打破沉默者”。

The vocal, headline-grabbing fight for women's rights has only increased in 2018, with female actresses donating money and wearing black at awards ceremonies in support of #TimesUp and BBC journalist Carrie Gracie publicly resigning as China editor over unequal pay.
2018年，這場暢所欲言、引人注目的女權運動進一步擴大，女演員們捐款、在頒獎禮上穿黑色服裝支持#TimesUp運動，BBC記者凱莉•格雷西因遭受不平等待遇公開辭去中國區主編一職。

With gender parity still an apparent 168 years away, many are hoping the trajectory surrounding women's rights climbs as the year continues.
距離實現性別平等似乎還有168年之遙，許多人都希望今年女權運動的聲勢能夠不斷壯大。

今年的婦女節主題是什麼？

The theme for IWD 2018 is #PressforProgress, a nod to the growing global movement of advocacy, activism and support surrounding gender parity and sexism. Inspired by the #MeToo and #TimesUp movements, the aim of the theme is to encourage people to continue the fight for equality.
2018年國際婦女節的主題是#逼迫進步，這是對圍繞性別平等和性別歧視出現的越來越多的全球倡導運動、行動主義運動和支持的呼應。在#MeToo和#TimesUp運動的鼓舞下，這一主題旨在鼓勵人們繼續爲性別平等發聲。

有國際男人節嗎？

Yes, it takes place on November 19 each year and International Men's Day is celebrated in 60 countries around the world.
是的，每年11月19日是國際男人節，全世界有60個國家慶祝這個節日。

The objectives of the day include a focus on men's and boy's health, improving gender relations, promoting gender equality, and highlighting positive male role models.
國際男人節旨在關注男性及男孩的健康問題，改善兩性關係，促進性別平等，並突出正能量的男性榜樣。

It is an occasion for men to celebrate their achievements and contributions, in particular their contributions to community, family, marriage, and child care while highlighting the discrimination against them.
男性在這一天慶祝他們所取得的成就和貢獻，特別是對社會、家庭、婚姻以及撫養子女方面等做出的貢獻，並關注他們遭受的性別歧視。