普加喬夫 俄羅斯已無私有財產
One of Vladimir Putin’s former closest associates has said Russian businessmen were all now “serfs” who belonged to the president, with none of the country’s companies beyond his reach.
弗拉基米爾•普京(Vladimir Putin)昔日最親密的夥伴之一表示，當今俄羅斯商人都是這位總統的“農奴”，俄羅斯任何企業都無法逃脫他的控制。Sergei Pugachev, who was once so close to Mr Putin that he was known as the “Kremlin’s banker”, made the comments in his first interview since the state seized his multibillion-dollar ship-building empire in 2012.
謝爾蓋•普加喬夫(Sergei Pugachev)是在接受採訪時發表上述言論的。他曾因與普京關係密切而被稱爲“克里姆林宮的銀行家”。這是他自2012年以來頭一回接受採訪，當時他旗下價值數十億美元的造船帝國被俄羅斯政府沒收。
Speaking to the Financial Times, Mr Pugachev warned that there were no longer any “untouchables” in a Russian business landscape increasingly dominated by Mr Putin. The economy, he argued, had been transformed into a feudal system where businessmen were only nominal owners of their assets.
在接受英國《金融時報》採訪時，普加喬夫警告說，在日益受普京支配的俄羅斯商界，不再有任何領域是普京“無法觸及”的。他聲稱，俄羅斯經濟已經變成了一種封建體制，商人只是自身資產名義上的所有者。
“Today in Russia there is no private property. There are only serfs who belong to Putin,” he said.
他說：“如今，俄羅斯沒有私有財產，只有隸屬於普京的農奴。”Mr Pugachev’s comments have fresh resonance amid the ongoing travails of another Moscow tycoon, Vladimir Yevtushenkov, whose arrest last month, and a subsequent court decision to seize shares in his Bashneft oil major, is still sending shudders through the country’s business community.
在弗拉基米爾•葉夫圖申科夫(Vladimir Yevtushenkov)的風波尚未平息之際，普加喬夫的言論將引發新的反響。葉夫圖申科夫是另一位莫斯科大亨，他在上個月被俄羅斯政府逮捕，隨後被俄羅斯法庭判決沒收其旗下Banshneft石油巨頭的股份。目前，俄羅斯商界人士仍對這一事件感到震撼。That event has been interpreted by many observers as a shattering of the rules that have governed relations between the Kremlin and the country’s oligarchs in the post-Soviet era.
許多觀察人士認爲，該事件標誌着後蘇聯時代規範俄羅斯政府與國內寡頭關係的規則已經崩潰。Mr Pugachev – whose interests once spanned banking, construction and shipbuilding – was a towering figure of those years. He was a member of former president Boris Yeltsin’s inner circle and then became a confidant of Mr Putin.
在那些年裏，普加喬夫是俄羅斯的重要人物，他的產業曾遍及銀行業、建築業及造船業。他曾是俄羅斯前總統鮑里斯•葉利欽(Boris Yeltsin)核心團隊的成員，接着又成爲普京的密友。When the former KGB officer became president in 2000, powerful holdovers from the Yeltsin era managed to maintain some independence. But after Mr Putin embarked on a campaign to retake state control of key parts of the economy the borders between business and the Kremlin began to be erased.
2000年普京成爲俄羅斯總統時，葉利欽時代留下的強勢人物曾成功保留了部分獨立性。然而，普京隨後發動了一場運動，以奪回俄羅斯政府對俄經濟重要部門的控制權。自那以來，俄羅斯商界與政府間的邊界開始消失。That process, Mr Pugachev argued, had now accelerated as the strain of western sanctions against Russia over its intervention in Ukraine increases.
普加喬夫聲稱，隨着西方因爲俄羅斯對烏克蘭的干預而加緊對俄製裁，這一奪權進程正在加快。
