求職中也可能遭受歧視

You Can Be a Victim of Employment Discrimination Without Even Working

求職中也可能遭受歧視

We often think of employment discrimination as being something that happens to people who already have jobs. A woman may be denied a raise because of her sex, or an older person may be forced into retirement because of his age. But employment discrimination also happens on the front end of employment, when hiring decisions are being made. So if you are looking for a job, you need to understand your rights.

我們通常認爲工作歧視僅發生於就職後的員工身上。女職員可能因爲性別原因而被拒絕升職，上年紀的員工可能因年齡被強迫退休。但是工作歧視也會發生在公司拒絕你的求職申請階段。如果你現在正在求職，你需要明確自己的權利。

●Age: Under some circumstances, employers cannot consider age when making hiring decisions. Under Federal law, they can refuse to hire you because you are "too young" for a job, but they usually cannot refuse to hire you because you are "too old" for a job if you are at least 40 years old.

●年齡：一些情況下，招聘者無法因年齡問題拒絕求職申請。聯邦法律規定，可以設工作的“最低年限”，但不能因爲求職者“年齡過大”（比如：40歲），爲藉口拒絕他們。

●Race: Federal law prohibits discrimination in hiring based on race and ethnicity. State laws usually provide additional protections.

●種族：聯邦法律禁止就業中的種族歧視。州立法律也有提供針對詞條的額外保護條款。

●Sex: Federal law prohibits sex discrimination in hiring unless an employee's sex is a bona fide occupational qualification.

●性別：聯邦法律禁止就業的性別歧視，除非特殊職業中的實際職業資格篩選。

●Pregnancy Status: The federal law prohibiting sex discrimination also bans discrimination based on pregnancy status.

●懷孕狀況：禁止性別歧視的聯邦法律條款裏也包括懷孕狀況歧視。

●Religion: Federal law prevents hiring discrimination based on religion or religious association.

●宗教：聯邦法律禁止基於宗教和宗教關係的就業歧視。

●Disability: Federal law prohibits hiring discrimination based on a person's disability. Additionally, employers are required to make reasonable accommodations so that a person living with a disability can apply for, interview for, and ultimately perform a job.

●殘疾：聯邦法律禁止基於殘疾的就業歧視。除此之外，僱傭者還應給來應聘或者工作的殘疾人提供合適的住所。

●Gender Identity: Some state laws provide protections for transgender individuals. Additionally, there is at least an argument that federal sex-discrimination laws provide federal protections against hiring discrimination against transgender people.

●性別認同：有些州立法律對跨性別取向的求職者的保護條款。除此之外，聯邦性別歧視法中還有條禁止對跨性別取向求職者的歧視。

●Sexual Orientation: Currently federal law does not protect people from hiring discrimination based on sexual orientation.

●性取向：現在的聯邦法律並沒有針對求職過程中性取向歧視的保護。

●Criminal Record: There are no federal protections for people with criminal records, but some states have passed what is called "ban the box" legislation.

●犯罪記錄：現在的聯邦法律也沒有針對有犯罪記錄的求職者的保護，但是有些州已經通過的“禁止調查記錄”（禁止招聘者提前調查求職者是否有案底）的法律條款。

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