楊潔篪國務委員在法國國際關係研究院的演講

中國發展和中歐合作爲世界注入正能量
China’s Development and China-Europe Cooperation: Sources of Positive Energy for the World

——楊潔篪國務委員在法國國際關係研究院的演講
– Speech by H.E. Yang Jiechi, State Councilor of the People’s Republic of China, at the French Institute of International Relations
2016年4月14日
14 April 2016

尊敬的德蒙布里亞爾院長，
女士們，先生們，朋友們，

Mr. Thierry de Montbrial, Executive Chairman of the IFRI,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dear Friends,

大家好！很高興再次來到美麗的巴黎，出席中法戰略對話。昨天，我一到巴黎就同奧朗德總統和艾羅外長舉行了會見，今天上午同奧朗德總統的外事顧問奧迪貝爾先生進行了坦誠深入、富有成效的磋商，就雙邊關係和重大國際、地區問題達成廣泛共識。
Good afternoon. I am delighted to come back to this magnificent city for this year’s China-France strategic dialogue. Yesterday, shortly after I arrived in Paris, I had meetings with President Hollande and Foreign Minister Ayrault. This morning, I had a candid, in-depth and productive discussion with Mr. Jacques Audibert, President Hollande’s diplomatic advisor. We reached broad agreement on bilateral ties and major regional and international issues.

法國國際關係研究院是法國及歐洲最重要的智庫之一。研究院和在座的各位專家學者在促進中法、中歐相互瞭解和理解方面做出了重要努力和貢獻，我謹對你們表示誠摯的敬意和感謝！
The French Institute of International Relations is a leading think tank in France and in Europe as a whole. This institute and all of you present today have made important contribution to the mutual understanding between China and Europe in general and between China and France in particular. Let me salute you and thank you for your worthy efforts.

6年前，我曾到訪過貴院。當時，國際金融危機仍在發酵，歐債問題持續蔓延，世界經濟面臨深度衰退危險。中國經濟率先回升向好，中歐發出了同舟共濟、共克時艱的積極信號，加強了深化互信、平等互利的戰略合作。
I last visited the IFRI six years ago, at a time of deepening global financial crisis and worsening debt problem in this part of the world. The world economy was on the brink of a deep recession. Against that backdrop, the Chinese economy was among the first to turn around, and together, China and Europe sent a powerful message of jointly tiding over the difficult times and pledged to strengthen strategic cooperation based on deepening trust, equality and mutual benefit.

6年過去了，世界經濟仍未徹底走出危機陰霾，實現強勁增長仍面臨種種挑戰。中國經濟步入調整改革的新常態，歐洲經濟進入企穩增長的新階段。中歐相互依存不斷加深，面臨的共同挑戰也更加突出。
Now, six years on, the world economy is yet to emerge from the crisis. It still faces daunting challenges for strong growth. While the Chinese economy is in a new normal of adjustment and reform, the European economy has turned the corner and entered a new phase of steady growth. As China and Europe become increasingly interdependent, we also face a growing number of common challenges.

“患難見真情”。正是在共同應對金融危機和全球性挑戰的過程中，中歐之間產生了積極正面的“化學反應”。我們的溝通在增加，心靈在走近。越來越多的歐洲人更加關注中國，希望瞭解中國，願意傾聽中國。
A friend in need is a friend indeed. It is exactly in the course of jointly confronting the financial crisis and global challenges that good chemistry occurs between China and Europe. Increasing communication has brought us closer to each other. More and more Europeans have developed a keen interest in China. They want to know more about China. And they are ready to listen to China.

目前大家普遍關心中國的經濟形勢。國際上多數人懷着樂觀的期待，主張客觀看待並主動適應中國經濟“新常態”，但也有人存在誤讀和偏見，擔憂中國經濟“硬着陸”，甚至“拖累”世界經濟。
At the moment, how the Chinese economy is doing is a topic of great interest, and this is what I have to say to you. There are many around the world who are optimistic about the Chinese economy. They believe that the new normal in the Chinese economy should be viewed in an objective light and that other countries should readily get accustomed to it. But there are others who have misunderstanding and even bias about the Chinese economy, worrying that it might make a hard landing or even drag down the world economy.

事實究竟怎樣，我想先告訴大家一個最新的數字。中國國家統計局4月初公佈，2016年3月，中國製造業採購經理指數（PMI）回到50%的榮枯線以上。近期，中國固定資產投資回升，房地產市場回暖，經濟開始出現“企穩回升”的趨勢。
What is the real picture then? Let me share with you one latest figure released by China’s National Bureau of Statistics early this month. China’s PMI in the month of March rose above 50%, the departure point between expansion and contraction. And in recent months, investment in fixed assets has rebounded, the housing market has picked up, and the economy as a whole has regained its momentum of growth.

當然，中國經濟仍然面臨下行壓力，轉型升級也必然伴隨着陣痛。我們不迴避問題，也不否認困難，而是滿懷信心地迎接挑戰。客觀、全面地看，無論現在還是將來，中國經濟都是世界經濟的穩定之錨、增長之源，將持續爲世界經濟增長注入正能量。
The Chinese economy, however, still faces a downward pressure. What’s more, transformation and upgrading are invariably accompanied by some “growing pains”. We will not evade those problems or deny their existence. Rather, we will rise to the challenges with every confidence. People with an objective and comprehensive perspective will see that as an anchor and a source of growth for the world economy, the Chinese economy will continue to inject positive energy to the global economic growth.

正能量來自於中國對世界經濟的巨大貢獻。去年中國GDP增速爲6.9%，比過去有所放緩，這是中國主動進行結構調整的結果。如果按照舊的增長模式，我們可以實現更高的增速，但我們關心的不只是速度，更是質量。即便如此，中國經濟增長率仍居於世界主要經濟體的前列，絕對增量全球第一，相當於一箇中等國家全年的GDP。據IMF測算，中國將在2020年前貢獻30%的世界經濟增量。值得一提的是，中國正在成爲推動全球消費和擴大全球投資的生力軍。中國出境遊人數、境外旅遊消費已連續三年位居全球第一。去年中國進口的葡萄酒總額同比增長34%，達到創紀錄的20億美元，其中相當大部分來自法國。今後5年，中國進口商品將超過10萬億美元，對外投資將超過6000億美元。今年，中國將攜手各方辦好二十國集團杭州峯會，積極促進全球經濟金融治理。在世界經濟復甦乏力的背景下，中國如此的作用究竟是“拖累”還是“貢獻”，答案是不言而喻的。
Such positive energy comes from China’s enormous contribution to the world economy. China’s GDP grew by 6.9% last year. The moderated growth rate is actually the intended result of China’s structural adjustment. The old growth model would certainly have secured China a higher growth rate. But we now value quality as much as speed, if not more. Even a growth rate of 6.9% still places the Chinese economy at the forefront of major economies and represents the biggest increment in the world, equivalent to the GDP of a middle-income country. According to the IMF, China will be contributing 30% to global economic growth up to 2020. And it is worth noting that China is becoming a major contributor to global consumption and investment. For three years in a row, China leads the world in the number of outbound tourists as well as the amount of money they spend. Last year, the value of wine China imported was up 34% year-on-year, reaching a record high of two billion US dollars. A significant amount of that was produced here in France. In the next five years, China will import goods worth over 10 trillion US dollars and make outbound investment of over 600 billion US dollars. Later this year, China will work with other parties to host a successful G20 Summit in the city of Hangzhou. We hope this Summit will help improve global economic and financial governance. Is China a liability or an asset for a slowly recovering global economy? The answer is all too clear.

正能量來自於中國深化改革的積極進展。中國正以創新、協調、綠色、開放、共享五大發展理念爲指引，持續推進結構性改革，力爭爲世界經濟的結構性調整做表率。事實證明，改革的效果正在顯現。消費已經超過投資成爲拉動中國經濟的主要動力，服務業在國民經濟中的比重也已超過50%。中國居民收入增長和消費水平均超過GDP增速，這不僅體現了發展爲了民生的根本目標，也成爲觀察中國經濟的新指標。在中國政府“大衆創業、萬衆創新”的倡議下，平均每天新增登記註冊企業多達1.2萬戶，其中很多集中在“互聯網+”、物聯網、電子商務等“新經濟”領域。未來5年中國將增加5000萬個就業崗位，這將使中國在經濟增速放緩的同時仍然實現較爲充分的就業。中國正在大力推進的供給側結構性改革將進一步釋放增長潛力。我舉個例子，中國人口占世界近1/5，但民用機場數量卻只有世界的1/12。這表明，在基礎設施建設和服務業領域，中國仍有巨大的增長空間。國際上有評論稱，中國經濟正在發生結構性變化，傳統經濟分析方法過多關注工業領域數據，未能準確展現轉型中的中國經濟全貌。這不無道理。
Such positive energy also comes from the good progress in China’s deepening reform. Guided by a vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, China is steadily advancing its own structural reform in a bid to lead by example in the broader structural reform of the world economy. Such reform has proved effective. Consumption has overtaken investment as the key driver of the Chinese economy. The share of the services sector in GDP has exceeded 50%. And a more telling sign is that household income and spending are growing faster than GDP. This is very much in line with China’s ultimate goal of development for better livelihood and seen as a new yardstick for China’s economic performance. Inspired by the government’s call of “mass entrepreneurship and innovation”, 12,000 new businesses get registered every day. Many of them are in such “new economy” sectors as Internet Plus, the Internet of Things and e-commerce. In the coming five years, 50 million new jobs will be added, ensuring adequate employment despite a moderated growth rate. The supply-side structural reform that China is pushing forward will further unlock growth potential. I’ll just give you an example. In China, a country with near one fifth of the world’s population, the number of civilian airports is only one twelfth of the world’s total. This illustrates the immense room for growth in China’s infrastructure and services sectors. Some China observers have pointed out that the traditional way of economic analysis, with its excess focus on data in the industry sector, can no longer capture the whole picture of a Chinese economy in transition with structural changes. I think they have made a point here.

正能量來自於中國擴大開放的決心和誠意。中國對外開放的大門不會關上，步伐不會倒退。我們非常清楚，中國走回頭路，關起大門，都是沒有出路的。我們正在積極構建全方位對外開放新格局。我們的市場將更加開放，制度將不斷完善。這兩年中國政府大規模簡政放權，目的就是讓市場在資源配置過程中起決定性作用。上海自貿區作爲中國新一輪改革開放的起點，爲政府行政審批開出了“負面清單”、“責任清單”和“權力清單”三張清單，大大推動了貿易便利化，這一新的開放舉措還將向中國中西部地區推廣。我們將有序擴大服務業、金融等領域的開放，放寬市場準入。我們致力於爲外國企業、機構、人員對華交流合作提供便利。在這些方面，我們會做得越來越好。法國企業是中國實行改革開放後最早一批進入中國市場的外國企業。隨着中國改革開放的擴大，法國企業在華業務也不斷拓展。法國電力集團、阿海法等核電企業在華經營30多年，不僅在中國這一世界最大的核電市場佔據了一席之地，也直接帶動了一大批法國中小企業的成長。正在建設的台山核電站，有望於明年竣工併成爲全球首座三代核電機組。法國標緻雪鐵龍集團2014年成功吸引中國東風汽車集團入股以來，在華市場份額迅速擴大，業績顯著改善，去年實現扭虧爲盈。這些合作給中法雙方都帶來了好處。
Such positive energy also comes from China’s resolve and seriousness about opening up further. When it comes to opening-up, China will not shut its door again or backtrack. Because we are keenly aware that retrogression or departure from the opening-up policy will lead us nowhere. China is striving for new progress in its all-round opening-up endeavor. It will widen market access and work on institutional improvement. The Chinese government has taken far-reaching measures to streamline administration and delegate power in the past couple of years. The purpose is to let the market play a decisive role in resource allocation. China has started its new round of reform and opening-up with a pilot free trade zone in Shanghai. New measures introduced in this pilot project, most notably the three lists for government administrative approval, i.e. negative list, accountability list and power list, have gone a long way towards trade facilitation. Such new measures will be rolled out to China’s central and western regions. We will open wider the services and financial sectors and increase market access in an orderly manner. We are committed to facilitating exchanges and cooperation between foreign companies, institutions and individuals with their Chinese counterparts. We will try to do a better job in all these areas. French companies were among the first to enter the Chinese market following China’s launch of its reform and opening-up program. Those French companies have expanded their presence in China in tandem with China’s deepening reform and opening-up. Just to name a few of them. French nuclear companies like EDF and AREVA have been running their business in China for over 30 years. They have established themselves in the world’s largest market for nuclear power. But more than that, their success has led to the thriving business of a large number of SMEs in France. The Taishan Nuclear Power Plant, which is still under construction, is expected to be completed next year and become the world’s first nuclear plant using third generation technology. PSA Peugeot Citroën has seen its market share in China soaring and performance markedly improved since China’s Dongfeng Motor Group acquired its stake in 2014. Last year, the company turned around to make profits again. These are just a few examples of the kind of cooperation benefiting our two countries.

總之，中國的發展得益於世界，也將惠及世界。中國帶給世界的是發展的紅利和合作的機遇。
In short, while a growing China has benefited from the world, it will ensure that its own development benefits the world as well. Benefits of development and opportunities for cooperation are what China has to offer to the world.

女士們，先生們，朋友們，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dear Friends,

隨着中國不斷髮展壯大，深度融入世界，國際社會不僅關注中國經濟走勢，而且關心中國外交發展方向。尤其是這幾年，中國外交更加積極進取，努力發展同各國友好關係，主動提供更多更好的國際公共產品，獲得國際社會普遍歡迎，但也有一些人揣測所謂的“中國戰略意圖”。事實上，中國的戰略意圖非常明確，就是要實現“兩個一百年”奮鬥目標和中華民族偉大復興的中國夢，並促進世界的和平與發展，同各國攜手打造人類命運共同體。中國的發展始終是和平力量的增長，是世界正能量的增強。
As China continues to grow and gets more integrated into the world, the international community is following with great interest not only how its economy is doing but also where its diplomacy is heading. This is especially true for the past few years. China has been more proactive on the diplomatic front to develop friendly ties with other countries. It has also become more active in providing better and more public goods to the world. Such efforts have been well received by many in the world. Nevertheless, there is still speculation about the so-called China’s strategic intention. As a matter of fact, China’s strategic intention cannot be more clear-cut. What we seek are the fulfilment of the two centenary goals (i.e. to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and double China’s 2010 GDP and per capita income by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to build China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049) and the realization of the Chinese dream of great national rejuvenation. At the same time, we will promote peace and development of the world and work with other countries for a community of shared future for all mankind. China’s development will only mean a greater force for peace and more positive energy for the world.

我們致力於走和平發展道路。我們根據自身國家利益以及和平、發展、合作、共贏的時代潮流，下決心走一條大國和平發展的新路子。既通過維護世界和平發展自己，又通過自身實力的提高更好地維護世界和平。這條道路是對中國優秀歷史文化和新中國外交優良傳統的傳承，符合中國國情，順應世界潮流。我們清醒地認識到，在全球化帶來各國相互依存日益加深的世界裏，只有堅持和平發展，中國才能實現民族振興的宏偉目標，才能爲世界作出更大貢獻。當然，中國走和平發展道路，其他國家也都要走和平發展道路。中國堅持和平發展，但也不會犧牲我們的正當權益，不會以犧牲國家的核心利益爲代價。
We are committed to a path of peaceful development. We are determined to blaze a new path of peaceful development of a major country in line with our national interests as well as the call of the times for peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefits. We strive to develop ourselves by upholding world peace and better safeguard world peace by building up our own strength. Such a path is inspired by China’s history and culture and the fine diplomatic tradition of New China. It is consistent with China’s national conditions as well as the trend of the world. We know full well that in an increasingly globalized world of deepening interdependence among countries, only through peaceful development can China realize its ambitious goal of national rejuvenation and contribute more to the world. As we pursue peaceful development ourselves, we call on other countries to do likewise. Our commitment to peaceful development does not mean that we can allow our legitimate rights and interests or core national interests to be sacrificed.

我們致力於推動合作共贏。中國主張構建以合作共贏爲核心的新型國際關係，推動各國同舟共濟、攜手共進。各國一起發展纔是真發展，可持續的發展纔是好發展。國際社會應努力走出一條公平、開放、全面、創新的發展之路，努力實現各國共同發展。爲此，中國提出“一帶一路”倡議，積極開展國際產能合作，全面深化同各國在經貿、投資、產業、基礎設施等領域互利合作，幫助有關國家提高自主發展能力，爲更多國家帶來發展機遇。我們同包括一些歐洲國家在內的30多個國家簽署了共建“一帶一路”政府間合作協議。我們還同法國在世界上率先開展第三方市場合作，開闢了南北合作的新模式。中法企業在尼日利亞、烏干達、莫桑比克、幾內亞等非洲國家，正在探討和開展形式多樣的三方合作。中法兩國企業即將合作建設的英國欣克利角核電站，進一步展現出三方合作的廣闊前景和市場空間。
We are committed to win-win cooperation. China advocates a new type of international relationship centered on win-win cooperation in which countries seek to advance common development through joint efforts. True development should be development for all, and sound development should be sustainable. The international community should find a path of fair, open, comprehensive and innovative development and work for common development. To that end, China has proposed a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Under this initiative, we intend to promote international industrial capacity cooperation, deepen all-round, win-win cooperation with other countries in economy, trade, investment, industry and infrastructure, help the countries involved build capacity for self-development, and create more development opportunities for more countries. We have signed inter-governmental agreements for cooperation on the Belt and Road with over 30 countries, including some European countries. China and France were the first to cooperate in third-country markets, setting up a new model of North-South cooperation. Chinese and French companies are exploring and conducting three-way cooperation in various forms in such African countries as Nigeria, Uganda, Mozambique and Guinea. The Hinkley Point in the UK, a joint project that will involve Chinese and French companies, is another testament to the broad prospect and market space for tripartite cooperation.

我們致力於同各國建立各種形式的夥伴關係。當今世界，各國利益交融，興衰相伴，安危與共。我們要在國際和區域層面建設內容豐富、形式多樣的夥伴關係。這種夥伴關係具有平等性，各國享有同等權利，承擔同樣義務，不分主次，不論高低；具有和平性，不設假想敵，不針對第三方；具有包容性，志同道合是夥伴，求同存異也是夥伴。迄今，中國已同80多個國家、地區或區域組織建立了不同形式的夥伴關係，努力走出一條“對話而不對抗，結伴而不結盟”的國與國交往新路。
We are committed to building various partnerships with all countries. In today’s world, countries have intertwined interests and would rise and fall together. As such, we need to build partnerships with rich substance and in diverse forms at regional and international levels. These partnerships should be equal in nature, meaning that countries will enjoy equal rights and share same obligations with no one playing a more dominant or superior role. They should be peaceful and not targeted against any hypothetical enemy or third party. And they should be inclusive, including not just those who share the same ideal and follow the same path but also those who seek common ground while shelving differences. China has established different forms of partnerships with over 80 countries, regions or regional organizations in an effort to blaze a new trail for state-to-state relations featuring dialogue and partnership rather than confrontation or alliance.

我們致力於以和平方式化解分歧。不論是在中東等國際熱點問題上，還是在涉及領土和海洋權益問題上，中國始終致力於通過對話談判解決爭端。我們同歐洲國家及其他各方通力合作，促成了伊朗核問題談判全面協議的達成，並積極參與敘利亞問題的政治解決進程。事實證明，對話談判纔是代價最小、後遺症最少、最爲持久的爭端解決之道。
We are committed to resolving differences through peaceful means. Be it the Middle East and other international hotspots, or issues concerning China’s territory and maritime rights and interests, China has stayed committed to solving disputes through dialogue and negotiation. Together with European countries and other parties, we have made possible the conclusion of the comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear issue. We have also been actively engaged in the pursuit of a political settlement of the Syrian issue. Dialogue and negotiation have proven the best way toward the most lasting solution at the lowest cost and minimal “after effects”.

在朝鮮半島核問題上，中方始終堅持朝鮮半島無核化，堅持維護半島和平穩定，堅持通過對話談判解決有關問題。當前半島局勢複雜、敏感，各方都應全面、完整執行聯合國安理會涉朝決議，避免採取任何可能加劇局勢緊張的言行，不得采取任何可能影響其他國家安全利益和地區戰略平衡的舉措。中國決不允許半島生戰生亂，決不允許一些國家借制裁之名損害中方戰略利益。我們提出並行推進半島無核化與停和機制轉換的思路，致力於在六方會談積累的共識基礎上，重建各方信任，重啓對話溝通，把朝核問題拉回到可控、談判的軌道上來。
On the Korean nuclear issue, China is committed to achieving the denuclearization of the Peninsula, upholding peace and stability on the Peninsula, and resolving the relevant issues through dialogue and negotiation. Given the intricate and sensitive situation on the Peninsula, parties should implement the Security Council Resolutions in their entirety, avoid saying or doing anything that might escalate tensions, and refrain from taking any moves that might undermine the security interests of other countries and the strategic balance in the region. China will not permit war or chaos to erupt on the Peninsula or allow some countries to hurt its strategic interests under the excuse of enforcing sanctions. We have put forward the approach of advancing in parallel the denuclearization of the Peninsula and replacement of the armistice treaty with a peace agreement. This proposal reflects China’s commitment to building on the consensus accumulated during the Six-Party Talks, restoring trust among the parties, restarting dialogue and communication, and bringing the Korean nuclear issue under control and back to the track of negotiation.我還想談一下南海問題。南海是亞太各國賴以生存發展的海上生命線。維護這片海域的和平、安寧與航行自由，中國看得比誰都重。對於南海問題，我們不應被別有用心的炒作所迷惑，而要依據事實來判斷。
I would also like to say a few words about the South China Sea. The South China Sea is a maritime lifeline on which Asia-Pacific countries rely for their survival and development. No country cares more than China about peace, tranquility and freedom of navigation in these waters. On this issue, we must not be misled by ill-intentioned sensationalization; rather, we need to judge the matter on its own merits.

中國是最早發現、開發並管轄南沙羣島的國家。二戰結束後，日本根據《開羅宣言》、《波茨坦公告》等一系列國際文件歸還竊取的中國領土，中國依法收復被日本侵佔的南沙羣島。直到上世紀70年代，國際社會包括南海沿岸國都以不同方式承認或默認南沙羣島是中國領土。之後，由於南海發現了油氣，一些國家開始蠶食和侵佔中國南沙島礁，並大興土木，修建各類設施，包括部署火炮陣地、導彈等進攻性武器。在南海問題上，中國纔是最大的受害者。
China was the first country to discover, exploit and exercise jurisdiction over the Nansha Islands. After the end of World War II, Japan returned the territories it had stolen from China in accordance with a series of international documents, including the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, and China recovered in accordance with law the Nansha Islands occupied by Japan. Up till the 1970s, the Nansha Islands had been recognized in various ways, either explicitly or by tacit agreement, as China’s territory by the littoral countries of the South China Sea and the rest of the international community. It was only when oil and gas reserves were discovered in the South China Sea that some countries started to encroach upon and occupy islands and reefs of China’s Nansha Islands. They conducted massive construction there, built various facilities, and even deployed artillery positions, missiles and other offensive weaponry. So when it comes to the South China Sea, the biggest victim is no other than China.

當前，中國在自己管控的南沙島礁進行建設，不違反國際法。中國對南沙羣島及其附近海域擁有的主權是歷史形成的，是擁有充分法理依據的。我們在島礁上部署了一些必要的防禦設施，這是國際法賦予中國作爲主權國家的正當權利。別國無權橫加干涉，說三道四。我們在島礁上建設的大部分設施是爲了保障各國依據國際法所享有的航行自由，是爲了更好履行作爲南海最大沿岸國應盡的責任。
China’s construction activities on islands and reefs under its administration do not violate international law. China’s sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters has been formed in the course of history. It is fully backed by legal evidence. We have deployed on the islands and reefs some necessary facilities of a defensive nature. This is the legitimate right China is entitled to as a sovereign state under international law. Other countries have no right to intervene arbitrarily or make unwarranted comments. Most of our facilities there are built to safeguard the freedom of navigation enjoyed by countries in accordance with international law and to enable China to better fulfill its due responsibility as the largest littoral country of the South China Sea.

中國堅持由直接當事國談判協商解決南海有關爭議，這符合國際法和國際關係基本準則。我們不接受、不參與菲律賓單方面強行提起的南海仲裁案，恰恰是依法行事。中菲南海仲裁案實質是領土主權和海洋劃界問題。根據《聯合國海洋法公約》第298條規定，締約國有權就海洋劃界等問題發表排除性聲明。中國政府早在2006年就依法發表了有關排除性聲明。許多國家也發表了類似聲明。我們呼籲有關國家放棄不切實際的幻想，停止披着法律外衣的政治挑釁，不要借國際法之名，行破壞國際法之實，而應儘快重新回到談判桌前，切實落實中國和東盟國家共同簽署的《南海各方行爲宣言》，在尊重歷史事實的基礎上，根據國際法，通過談判和協商和平解決有關爭端，共同維護南海和平穩定。
China maintains that the disputes in question should be resolved through negotiation and consultation between the states directly concerned. This approach is in keeping with international law and basic norms governing international relations. The Philippines unilaterally initiated the South China Sea arbitration. By not accepting or participating in it, China is acting in accordance with law. The arbitration case boils down to territorial sovereignty and maritime delimitation. Article 298 of UNCLOS stipulates that States Parties have the right to make declarations that exclude the application of compulsory procedures in respect of maritime delimitation and other matters. The Chinese government made such a declaration in accordance with law back in 2006. In fact, similar declarations have been made by many other countries. We call on that certain country to give up wishful thinking and stop making political provocation under the guise of law or undermining international law in the name of upholding it. We urge it to return to the negotiating table as soon as possible, implement in good faith the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) jointly signed by China and ASEAN countries, seek peaceful solution to the disputes through negotiation and consultation on the basis of respecting historical facts and international law, and work with us to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea.

儘管中國同個別東盟國家存在領土和海洋權益爭端，但中國—東盟合作的步伐沒有停頓，而是在加快。中國同東盟國家領導人每年都有密切的高層往來。去年，中國同越南、印尼、新加坡成功實現最高領導人在年內互訪，老撾、柬埔寨、緬甸、東帝汶等國元首來華出席“9.3”紀念活動。我們同東盟國家的民間往來和人文交流廣泛深入，去年雙方人員往來超過2300萬人次，創歷史新高。我們在各領域均開展了務實有效的合作。中國和東盟國家在高鐵等領域一批互聯互通合作項目相繼啓動。中國同馬來西亞、新加坡、印尼、越南的產能合作、金融合作不斷推進。中國—東盟自貿區升級談判順利完成。去年我們首次舉辦了中國—東盟防長非正式會晤和執法安全合作部長級對話。前不久，我們還成功舉辦瀾滄江—湄公河合作首次領導人會議，爲中國—東盟合作充實新內容。今年是中國—東盟建立對話關係25週年。我們將繼續秉持親誠惠容理念，深化同東盟國家的友好合作，爲亞洲和世界繁榮穩定作出新的貢獻。
Despite the disputes between China and several ASEAN countries over territory and maritime rights and interests, China-ASEAN cooperation has not slowed down. On the contrary, cooperation has picked up speed. Leaders of China and ASEAN countries have close high-level exchanges every year. Last year alone saw visits exchanged between China’s top leader with his counterparts in Vietnam, Indonesia and Singapore. Heads of state from Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar and Timor Leste visited China for events commemorating the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. We have extensive and in-depth people-to-people and cultural exchanges with ASEAN countries. Last year, mutual visits between China and ASEAN countries hit a record high of more than 23 million. We have conducted pragmatic and productive cooperation in all fields. We have launched high-speed railway and other connectivity projects. China’s cooperation with Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Vietnam on production capacity and financial services are making steady progress. Negotiations on an upgraded China-ASEAN FTA have successfully concluded. Last year, China and ASEAN held for the first time the Defence Ministers’ Informal Meeting and the Ministerial Dialogue on Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation. Recently, we successfully hosted the inaugural Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Leaders’ Meeting, adding a new dimension to China-ASEAN cooperation. This year marks the 25th anniversary of China-ASEAN dialogue relations. China will remain committed to the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness, deepen friendly cooperation with ASEAN countries and make fresh contribution to prosperity and stability in Asia and the world at large.

女士們，先生們，朋友們，
Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends,

無論國際形勢如何變化，歐洲始終是國際舞臺上的一支重要力量。雖然當前歐洲遇到一些困難和挑戰，但我們注意到，歐洲正努力排除各種干擾，堅定推進一體化進程，歐洲經濟也保持了復甦勢頭。我們對歐洲發展的前景充滿信心，始終把對歐關係作爲中國外交的優先方向之一，堅定支持歐洲一體化進程，支持一個團結、穩定、繁榮的歐盟在國際事務中發揮更大作用。
Whatever change may take place in the international landscape, Europe remains an important force on the international arena. We can see that despite the difficulties, challenges and distractions it faces, Europe is making efforts to stay focused and press ahead with its integration process. Its economy has sustained the momentum of recovery. China has full confidence in the future of Europe. China-Europe relationship is always one of our diplomatic priorities. We firmly support European integration and support a united, stable and prosperous EU in playing a still bigger role in international affairs.

今年是中歐關係第五個十年的開局之年，回首過去四十年，中歐兩大國際力量發生了翻天覆地的變化。最初的歐洲煤鋼共同體已經發展成涵蓋歐洲28國5億人口的歐洲聯盟，中國也從積貧積弱走向改革開放，實現了巨大發展。四十多年來，中歐關係取得巨大進展，平等互利、合作共贏成爲中歐關係穩定健康發展的重要經驗。四十年前，中歐政治關係從零開始，最初接觸中因意識形態差異而步履維艱；四十年後，中歐已成爲全面戰略伙伴，雙方高層互訪頻繁，在70多個不同領域、不同層級的對話磋商機制中“無話不談”。四十年前，中歐雙邊貿易額不足30億美元；四十年後，雙邊貿易額增長200倍達到近6000億美元，兩天就可實現過去一年的貿易額，歐盟連續12年保持中國最大貿易伙伴地位，中國則連續13年位居歐盟第二大貿易伙伴。四十年前，中歐人員往來鳳毛麟角，中國對於大多數歐洲人只是一個遙遠的東方傳說；四十年後，中國與歐盟28個成員國間的雙向人員往來規模達641萬人次，中歐人員往來便利化穩步推進，中歐關係的民意基礎愈發堅實。
This year marks the beginning of the fifth decade of China-Europe relations. Looking back at the past four decades, we see a sea change in both Europe and China, two major forces in the world. The European Coal and Steel Community has now evolved into a union, covering 500 million people of 28 countries, while China, once a weak and poor country, has experienced exciting development since it launched its reform and opening-up program. Over the past 40-odd years, China-Europe relations have come a long way. Equality, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation hold the key to the stable and healthy growth of China-Europe relations. Forty years ago, political relations between us were virtually non-existent and engagement was difficult in the early days due to ideological differences. Forty years on, China and Europe have become comprehensive strategic partners who enjoy frequent high-level visits and conduct wide-ranging conversations in more than 70 dialogue and consultation mechanisms spanning different areas and at different levels. Forty years ago, two-way trade between China and Europe was less than three billion US dollars. Forty years on, the figure grew 200-fold to nearly 600 billion US dollars, which means the annual trade volume in the past is now easily done in just two days. The EU has remained China’s top trading partner for 12 years on end, while China has remained the EU’s second largest trading partner for 13 years in a row. Forty years ago, few visits were exchanged between our people. China in the eyes of most Europeans was merely a remote Oriental legend. Forty years on, two-way personnel exchanges between China and the 28 EU member states top 6.41 million. Steady progress is being made in facilitating the travel of our people, further cementing popular support for China-Europe relations.

當前，中歐關係面臨着乘風破浪、快速前行的歷史機遇。2014年，習近平主席在訪問歐盟總部期間提出，中歐要攜手打造和平、增長、改革、文明四大夥伴關係。這爲中歐關係發展指明瞭新的戰略方向。上月底，習近平主席成功訪問捷克。這是習主席首次以國家主席身份訪問中東歐國家，爲中國—中東歐合作注入了新動力，傳遞出中國重視歐洲，願意推動中歐關係更快更好發展的明確信息。我願就下階段如何發展好中歐關係提出以下建議：
Today, China-EU relations are blessed with a historic opportunity for more rapid growth. In 2014, during his visit to the EU headquarters, President Xi Jinping called on China and Europe to forge partnerships for peace, growth, reform and civilization. His vision gives a new strategic direction to the development of China-EU relations. At the end of last month, President Xi paid a successful visit to the Czech Republic. That was the first time for President Xi to visit a central and eastern European country in his capacity as Chinese president. His visit injected fresh impetus to China’s cooperation with Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC), and sent a clear message of China’s commitment to Europe and its readiness to promote better and faster development of its relations with Europe. Here, I would like to make the following observations on how to advance China-Europe relations going forward:

一是夯實中歐政治互信的基礎。中歐在發展階段、意識形態、社會制度上存在一定差異，唯有相互信任、相互尊重，雙方關係才能穩步前行，彼此合作才能持久深入。雙方應以長遠的戰略眼光看待和推進相互合作，做大共同利益蛋糕，不因一時一事影響合作大局。奧朗德總統等歐洲及其他國家領導人將應習近平主席邀請赴華出席二十國集團杭州峯會。今年還將舉行第18次中國歐盟領導人會晤、16+1里加會議等一系列重要活動，李克強總理將與歐盟及歐洲國家領導人就推進彼此合作深入交換意見。我們要通過這些高層交往和各層級對話機制，就各自關心的問題加大溝通協調，深化中歐政治互信。
First, we need to cement the basis for political mutual trust. China and Europe are different in development stage, ideology and social system. For our relations to grow steadily and our cooperation to be sustainable, we must trust and respect each other. The two sides should view and promote cooperation with a long-term and strategic perspective in order to expand common interests. We must not allow individual incidents at particular times to affect our overall cooperation. At the invitation of President Xi Jinping, President Hollande and other European leaders will join leaders from other countries at the G20 Hangzhou Summit. This year, we will have some important events such as the 18th China-EU Summit and the 16+1 (CEEC-China) Summit in Riga, during which Premier Li Keqiang will have in-depth discussions with leaders of the EU and European countries on enhancing cooperation. We must use these high-level exchanges and dialogue mechanisms at various levels to increase communication and coordination on issues of respective interest and deepen our political mutual trust.

二是堅持不懈推進中歐務實合作。中歐經濟體量加起來佔世界經濟總量的三分之一，中歐經濟發展好了，對全球經濟復甦就具有重要的穩定作用。世界經濟形勢越是嚴峻複雜，越是要堅持開放合作，共同抵制各種形式的貿易保護主義。我們應加快中歐投資協定談判進程，早日開啓中歐自貿區聯合可研，釋放雙邊經貿和投資的潛力。要實現中國“一帶一路”倡議、國際產能合作與歐洲發展戰略的對接，加快打造中歐共同投資基金平臺，實現高鐵、核能等各領域項目儘快落地、運營。要深化中歐財金合作，加大中歐財金、貨幣政策的溝通，擴大本幣結算規模，深化雙方在亞洲基礎設施投資銀行和歐洲復興開發銀行框架內的合作。要全面推進中國與歐盟機構、歐盟成員國、次區域等不同層面合作，形成中歐關係積累深厚、均衡發展的局面。
Second, we must continue to enhance practical cooperation. Combined, China and Europe account for one third of the world economy. Sound economic development in China and Europe is crucial for a steady recovery of the world economy. The increasingly grave and complex global economic situation requires greater commitment to openness and cooperation and more firm opposition to trade protectionism of all forms. We should speed up negotiations on the China-EU investment agreement and launch at an early date joint feasibility study on a China-Europe FTA to tap into the potential of bilateral trade and investment cooperation. We need to explore synergy between China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative, its international production capacity cooperation programs and Europe’s development strategies. We should step up efforts to set up a joint investment fund and bring into early operation such cooperation projects as high-speed railway and nuclear energy. We should deepen financial cooperation and increase communication on financial and monetary policies, scale up the size of settlement in local currencies and deepen cooperation within the framework of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). We should enhance China’s multi-tiered cooperation with EU institutions, EU member states and sub-regions in Europe to enable China-EU relations to grow on a solid basis and in a balanced way.

三是加強在全球治理層面的合作。當前，歐洲面臨重大恐怖主義威脅，中方願與歐方就反恐事務加強工作交流，在信息情報分享等領域推進合作。去年底，在中歐特別是中法兩國的共同推動下，各方達成氣候變化《巴黎協定》，開啓了全球合作應對氣候變化的新進程。中方願繼續與歐方一道，推動落實《巴黎協定》，使全球氣候變化合作取得新進展。中歐作爲全球治理的重要參與者，還應在維護世界和平、改善經濟治理、可持續發展、網絡安全、反腐敗等領域深化合作，特別是圍繞今年二十國集團杭州峯會加強協調與合作，確保杭州峯會取得成功，爲推動世界經濟發展發揮積極作用。
Third, we should strengthen cooperation on global governance. As Europe is facing a serious terrorist threat, China is ready for more counter-terrorism communication with Europe and closer cooperation on intelligence sharing. Last year, thanks to the joint efforts of China and Europe, especially France, the Paris Agreement was reached, ushering in a new process of a global response to climate change. China will work with Europe to push for progress in implementing the Paris Agreement and for that matter, progress in global climate change cooperation. As important participants in global governance, China and Europe should deepen cooperation in upholding world peace, improving economic governance, sustainable development, cyber security and anti-corruption. On a particular note, we should strengthen coordination and cooperation on this year’s G20 Summit in Hangzhou to ensure its success and play a positive role in promoting global growth.

四是深化多位一體的人文交流合作。中歐都是推動人類文明發展的重要力量。中方願在中歐高級別人文交流機制統領下，與歐方統籌規劃和梳理整合科技、教育、文化、衛生、旅遊、體育、青年、婦女等各領域交流合作，紮實推進重點項目建設，打造一批旗艦工程。今年，我們將重點辦好新一輪中歐、中法、中英高級別人文交流對話、“中德青少年交流年”和“16+1人文交流年”等活動。
Fourth, we must deepen multi-dimensional people-to-people exchanges. Both China and Europe are important forces for the development of human civilization. China is ready to work with Europe under the framework of the high-level people-to-people dialogue to make an overall plan for cooperation in science and technology, education, culture, health, tourism and sports and exchanges between youth and women. We should strive for solid progress on key projects and develop a number of flagship programs. This year, we shall focus our efforts on the high-level people-to-people dialogues between China and Europe, between China and France and between China and the UK, the China-Germany Year of Youth Exchange and the Year of China-CEEC People-to-People Exchange.

女士們，先生們，朋友們，
Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends,

法國在國際上有獨特影響，是歐盟建設的領頭羊，也是第一個與新中國正式建交的西方大國。長期以來，中法兩國本着獨立自主、相互尊重的原則，建立了高水平的政治互信，開展了高質量和富有成果的互利合作，爲促進中歐關係發展發揮了重要的引領和示範作用，並以其自身特有的戰略性、時代性和全球影響力賦予中歐關係更廣闊的空間和更深厚的內涵。
France has a unique influence in the world. It is a champion for the development of the EU. It is also the first major western country to officially establish diplomatic ties with New China. Over the years, our two countries, under the principle of independence and mutual respect, have achieved a high level of political mutual trust and carried out quality and fruitful win-win cooperation, setting a paradigm for the broader China-Europe relations. The strategic importance, great relevance and global influence of our bilateral ties have expanded and enriched China-Europe relations.

2014年習近平主席成功訪問法國，開創了緊密持久的中法全面戰略伙伴關係的新時代。兩國元首、總理多次互訪，民用核能、航空、金融、人文等領域合作不斷取得新的突破。法國已成爲中國在歐洲重要的投資目的地，也是中國公民最喜愛的出境遊目的地之一，中國赴法旅遊人數屢創新高。雙方在全球治理、氣候變化、反恐、伊朗核等重大國際事務中溝通順暢，成績斐然。
In 2014, President Xi Jinping paid a successful visit to France, ushering in a new era of close and enduring comprehensive strategic partnership between China and France. Our Presidents and Premiers have had several mutual visits, and our cooperation in civil nuclear energy, aviation, finance and people-to-people exchange has continued to break new ground. France is now China’s important investment destination in Europe, and a popular destination for Chinese tourists, as evidenced by the new record numbers of Chinese visitors in France. We have also maintained good and productive consultation on major international affairs, like global governance, climate change, counter-terrorism, and the Iranian nuclear issue.

女生們，先生們，朋友們，
Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends,

未來，在中歐四大夥伴關係建設中，中法關係仍將佔據重要特殊位置。我們願同法國及其他歐洲國家一道，推動中歐相互理解更加深入，各領域合作更加密切，不斷完善全方位、多層次、寬領域的中歐對話合作格局，爲中歐全面戰略伙伴關係注入持久動力，爲世界和平與繁榮貢獻更多正能量！
In the building of the four partnerships between China and the EU, China-France relationship will have an important and special place. China will work with France and other European countries to deepen mutual understanding, increase cooperation and improve the all-dimensional, multi-tiered and wide-ranging patterns of dialogue and cooperation. This way, we will be able to inject a lasting driving force to our comprehensive strategic partnership and contribute more positive energy to world peace and prosperity!

謝謝大家！
Thank you.