美國國會委員會建議封殺中國國企收購

Congress should exercise greater scrutiny over trade and investment practices between the United States and China in order to prevent China from taking advantage of the economic relationship, a congressional commission said in a report released on Wednesday.

美國國會的一個委員會週三發佈一份報告說，國會應該對美中之間的貿易和投資進行更嚴格的審查，以防止中國在兩國經濟關係上佔便宜。

In its long list of recommendations, the commission advised Congress to authorize a government panel that reviews foreign takeover deals to bar Chinese state-owned companies from acquiring or gaining effective control of American companies.

該委員會提出了許多建議，包括建議國會成立一個政府小組，專門審查外國的收購交易，以阻止中國國有企業收購美國公司，或獲得美國公司的有效控制權。

It also said Congress should ask a government watchdog agency to write a report on whether large-scale outsourcing of manufacturing to China is leading to the hollowing out of the defense industrial base.

該委員會還說，國會應該要求一家政府監督機構，就製造業大規模外包到中國是否導致國防工業基地被掏空的問題起草一份報告。

The commission also suggested ways in which Congress could better bring antidumping cases against China.

該委員會還向國會建議了能更好地對中國提出反傾銷訴訟的辦法。

Each year, the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission releases a report to Congress with recommendations based on months of research.

美中經濟和安全審查委員會每年向國會提交一份報告，在幾個月研究的基礎上向國會提建議。

The commission aims to make suggestions after examining trade, investment and national security issues between the two nations.

該委員會的目的是在審查了兩國之間的貿易、投資和國家安全問題後，提出有關建議。

Its recommendations are not binding.

其建議沒有法律約束力。

The report this year took a critical look at the free-trade relationship between the United States and China — for example, implying that the countries are not competing on a level playing field.

今年的報告對美中之間的自由貿易關係進行了批判性地審查，比如，報告暗示兩國展開競爭的環境不公平。

It follows a populist airing of grievances over the downsides of free trade and a globalized economy in Western nations this year.

報告的內容，與西方國家今年對自由貿易和經濟全球化的負面影響所表達出的民粹主義不滿情緒相吻合。

That helped lead to the election last week of Donald J. Trump as the next United States president and to the vote by Britons in June to leave the European Union.

這種不滿在上週的大選中幫助唐納德•J•特朗普當選了下任美國總統，也在今年6月讓英國人投票脫離歐盟。

China, in its recent public statements, has emphasized the tight economic ties between the two major trading partners and said the countries would benefit more from working together.

中國在最近的公開聲明中強調了中美這兩個主要貿易伙伴之間的密切經濟關係，並表示，兩國將更多地從合作中受益。

During his campaign, Mr Trump said he would bring manufacturing jobs back to Middle America and consider imposing a 45 percent tariff on Chinese exports, as well as labeling China a currency manipulator.

特朗普在競選活動期間曾表示，他將讓美國的中產階層重新得到製造業的就業機會，並考慮對中國出口的產品徵收45％的關稅，他還要給中國貼上貨幣操縱者的標籤。

Some economists have said a trade war with China would harm the United States economy and lead to a recession.

一些經濟學家說，與中國打貿易戰將給美國經濟帶來損害，有可能導致經濟衰退。

In September, after prodding from some lawmakers, the Government Accountability Office, a watchdog agency, said that it would examine whether reviews of foreign purchases should include a stricter look at more types of foreign investments and be broadened to define more industries as important to the nation’s economy.

今年9月，在一些立法者的督促下，監督機構美國政府問責局(Government Accountability Office)表示將展開調查，以決定對外國收購的審查是否應該更嚴格，包括對更多類型的外國投資進行更嚴格的審查，以及是否應該把更多的行業都作爲美國經濟重要的一部分。

The review process is done by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, or Cfius, which approves most of the foreign purchases that it examines.

對收購的審查由美國外國投資委員會（簡稱CFIUS）進行，CFIUS對經其審查的大部分外國交易予以批准。

The report released Wednesday said it is that panel that Congress should authorize to reject purchases by Chinese state-owned enterprises.

週三發佈的報告說，國會應授權CFIUS拒絕中國國有企業的收購。

Such companies are the main drivers of China’s economy.

這些企業是中國經濟的主要動力。

The new report said Congress should also create an office in the International Trade Administration to identify and bring antidumping and countervailing duty cases.

新報告說，國會還應在國際貿易管理局(International Trade Administration)下設立一個辦公室，以發現反傾銷和反補貼稅的案子，並進行起訴。

Countervailing duties are imposed on goods to offset the fact that the goods may have been made with the help of subsidies.

反補貼稅指對可能是在補貼的幫助下製造的產品徵收關稅，以抵消其得到的補貼。

Besides trade and investment, the report covers topics like security relations, China’s global footprint and the United States’ rebalancing to Asia.

該報告除了貿易與投資的內容外，還涵蓋其他主題，比如安全關係、中國的全球活動，以及美國向亞洲的重新平衡。

In one section, the authors criticize what they see as meager American government efforts to block intelligence collection by China.

報告的作者在其中一個部分批評了美國政府沒有完全努力去阻止來自中國的情報收集。

The Obama administration has expressed concern over what it sees as state-sponsored hacking from China in recent years.

奧巴馬政府已對此表示過關注。他們認爲近年來中國黑客的襲擊，背後有政府的支持。

The US government response to the threat from Chinese intelligence collection has suffered from the lack of an integrated, coordinated effort within the US intelligence community, the report said.

報告說，美國政府對來自中國情報收集的威脅所作出的反應很糟，原因是美國情報界缺乏一體化的、協調一致的努力。

The US government’s efforts to counter Chinese intelligence collection operations have manifested largely as a series of espionage prosecutions rather than a strategic, whole-of-government response, it added.

美國政府打擊中國情報收集的努力，主要表現爲一系列的間諜起訴，而不是戰略性的、全政府的響應，報告還說。

The Obama administration has taken steps to improve cybersecurity among US government agencies and defense contractors, but these measures could mitigate, not eliminate, the significant cyber espionage threats to these organizations.

雖然奧巴馬政府已採取措施改進美國政府機構和國防承包商的網絡安全，但這些措施只能減輕、而不是消除這些機構所面臨的來自網絡間諜活動的重大威脅。