美國正式開啓退出《巴黎協定》流程大綱
美國政府11月4日正式通知聯合國，要求退出應對全球氣候變化的《巴黎協定》。根據《巴黎協定》規定，該協定生效3年後（即2019年11月4日），締約方纔能正式要求退出，退出過程需要一年時間。這意味着，美國將於2020年11月4日起“準時”退出《巴黎協定》。
The United States has formally notified the United Nations of its intention to withdraw from the Paris Agreement. The notification begins a one-year process of exiting the global climate change accord.
美國已正式通知聯合國，將退出《巴黎協定》。這一通知開啓了爲期一年的退出該全球氣候變化協定的進程。
The agreement brought together 188 nations to combat climate change.
共有188個締約方加入該協定，共同應對氣候變化。
Announcing the plan last month, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the agreement had imposed an "unfair economic burden" on the United States.
美國國務卿邁克·蓬佩奧上月宣佈該計劃時表示，該協議給美國帶來了“不公平的經濟負擔”。
The Paris agreement committed the US and 187 other countries to keeping rising global temperatures below 2C above pre-industrial levels and attempting to limit them even more, to a 1.5C rise.
《巴黎協定》承諾，美國和其它187個締約方將把全球氣溫升幅控制在比前工業時期高出2攝氏度以內的水平，並盡力將升幅進一步控制在1.5攝氏度以內。
In the Paris agreement, the US agreed to cut its heat-trapping pollution at least 26% below 2005 levels by 2025.
按照該協定，美國同意到2025年將溫室氣體排放量在2005年的基礎上至少減少26%。
The decision to withdraw - taken by President Donald Trump - made the US the world's sole non-signatory and prompted high-level efforts by the European Union to keep the agreement on track.
唐納德·特朗普總統做出的退出決定，使美國成爲世界上唯一沒有簽署該協議的國家，這還將促使歐盟高層做出努力，確保協議的執行。
The US issued its formal notification on the first day it was possible to do so, firing the starting gun on the long process of extricating the country from the 2015 agreement.
美國在提交退出要求的第一天就發佈了正式通知，開啓了該國脫離2015年《巴黎協定》的漫長進程。
starting gun：發令槍
The withdrawal is still subject to the outcome of next year's US presidential election - if Mr Trump loses, the winner may decide to change course.
美國的退出還取決於明年總統選舉的結果——如果特朗普失敗，獲勝者可能會改變主意。
Mr Trump promised to turn the US into an energy superpower, and has attempted to sweep away a raft of pollution legislation to reduce the cost of producing gas, oil and coal. He characterised former US President Barack Obama’s environmental clean-up plans as a war on American energy.
特朗普承諾將美國轉變爲一個能源超級大國，並試圖廢除大量的污染法規，以降低天然氣、石油和煤炭的生產成本。他將美國前總統貝拉克•奧巴馬的環境治理計劃形容爲一場針對美國能源的戰爭。
Announcing his decision to withdraw, last year, Mr Trump said: "I was elected to represent the citizens of Pittsburgh, not Paris. I promised I would exit or re-negotiate any deal which fails to serve America's interests."
特朗普去年在宣佈退出時說：“我當選總統，代表的是匹茲堡民衆，而不是巴黎市民。我承諾將退出或重新談判任何不符合美國利益的協議。”
But reports suggest the Trump administration made no effort to renegotiate the Paris agreement, waiting instead until the first possible day to exit.
但有報道稱，特朗普政府並沒有開展重新談判，而是一直等待，並在第一時間退出。
The US contributes about 15% of global emissions of carbon, but it is also a significant source of finance and technology for developing countries in their efforts to fight rising temperatures.
美國貢獻了全球大約15%的碳排放，但它也是發展中國家應對氣溫上升的重要資金和技術來源。
決定招致批評
The Trump administration will not be able to finalize its exit until a day after the presidential election in November 2020.
特朗普政府要到2020年11月美國總統大選開始一天後才能完成退出過程。
But scientists and environmentalists fear the effect the Trump administration will have on climate protections in the meantime.
但科學家和環保人士擔心，在此期間，特朗普政府將對環境保護產生的影響。
A report issued in December 2018 by the Institute of International and European Affairs suggested President Trump's decision to leave had done "very real damage" to the Paris agreement, creating "moral and political cover for others to follow suit".
國際與歐洲事務研究所2018年12月發佈的一份報告顯示，特朗普總統的退出決定對《巴黎協定》造成了“實質性損害”，爲“其他國家效仿提供了道義和政治上的掩護”。
The report cited the examples of Russia and Turkey, which both declined to ratify the deal despite signing.
報告列舉了俄羅斯和土耳其的例子，兩國儘管簽署了協議，但都拒絕批准該協議。
Criticism from prominent political and environmental figures was swift and forceful.
一些著名的政治和環保人士迅速而有力地批評了特朗普政府的決定。
The former vice-president and climate campaigner Al Gore said in a statement posted on Twitter: “No one person or party can stop our momentum to solve the climate crisis. But those who try will be remembered for their complacency, complicity, and mendacity in attempting to sacrifice the planet for their greed.”
美國前副總統、氣候活動家阿爾·戈爾在推特上發表聲明稱：“沒有任何個人或黨派能夠阻止我們解決氣候危機的努力。但是，那些企圖爲自己的貪婪而犧牲地球的人，將因他們的自滿、共謀和虛僞而被世人銘記。”
《巴黎協定》的內容是什麼？
Climate change, or global warming, refers to the damaging effect of gases, or emissions, released from industry and agriculture on the atmosphere. The Paris accord is meant to limit the global rise in temperature attributed to emissions.
氣候變化，或全球變暖，是指工業和農業排放的氣體對大氣的破壞作用。《巴黎協定》旨在限制溫室氣體排放導致的全球氣溫上升。
Countries agreed to:
各國同意：
Keep global temperatures "well below" the level of 2C above pre-industrial times and "endeavour to limit" them even more, to 1.5C
與前工業化時期相比，將全球升溫控制在“遠低於”2攝氏度之內的水平，並“努力將其控制在”1.5攝氏度以內；
Limit the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity to the same levels that trees, soil and oceans can absorb naturally, beginning at some point between 2050 and 2100
2050年至2100年間，將人類活動排放的溫室氣體限制在樹木、土壤和海洋可以自然吸收的水平；
Review each country's contribution to cutting emissions every five years so they scale up to the challenge
每5年審查各國對減排的貢獻，使其能夠應對挑戰；
Enable rich countries to help poorer nations by providing "climate finance" to adapt to climate change and switch to renewable energy
通過提供“氣候資金”以應對氣候變化的挑戰，並轉向可再生能源，使富國能夠幫助貧困國家。
