APEC峯會閉幕 領土爭端仍無進展

Asia-Pacific leaders took steps forward on trade and environmental issues at their weekend summit in Russia but their progress was overshadowed by continued diplomatic strains across the region.

亞太領導人上週末在俄羅斯舉行峯會，並在貿易和環保等問題上取得進展，但該地區持續的外交緊張局勢掩蓋了會議成果。

The 21 members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, or APEC, forum agreed on tariff caps for an extended list of environmental products and vowed not to raise new trade barriers before 2015.

亞太經濟合作組織(APEC)21個成員國同意就更多環保產品設定關稅上限，並承諾在2015年前不增設新的貿易壁壘。

The meeting of APEC leaders was held in Vladivostok in Russia's far east, as European leaders grapple with ways to contain a sovereign-debt crisis which has eaten into economic growth in that region and sparked concern about a broader global slowdown.

APEC領導人會議在俄羅斯遠東區的符拉迪沃斯託克舉行，此時歐洲領導人正在想方設法遏制主權債務危機。該危機不僅影響到歐洲地區的經濟增長，還引發人們對更廣泛的全球經濟放緩的擔憂。

In a joint declaration released at the end of the summit, APEC members said events in Europe were adversely affecting growth in Asia-Pacific but said they would aim to avoid competitive devaluation of their currencies. Developed economies including the U.S. have urged export-oriented countries in the region, especially China, to support domestic demand by not letting their currencies fall too quickly or out of step with others.

APEC成員國在峯會結束時發表聯合聲明說，歐洲問題對亞太地區的經濟增長產生不利影響，但它們說將力爭避免出現成員國貨幣的競爭性貶值。美國等發達經濟體一直敦促亞太區出口導向型國家（特別是中國）支持內需，不要讓本國貨幣的貶值速度過快，或步調與別國不一致。

But despite that show of unity, and Russian President Vladimir Putin calling the agreement on environmental goods an 'important achievement,' the summit was marked by continued tensions over territorial claims, disagreement over the direction of future trade initiatives and security issues in the Middle East.

然而，儘管APEC表現得如此團結，而且俄羅斯總統普京(Vladimir Putin)還把有關環保產品協議稱作“重要成就”，但在這次峯會上還是可以看到有關領土爭端的持續緊張關係、在未來貿易舉措走向方面的分歧以及中東安全問題等。

China President Hu Jintao and Japanese President Yoshihiko Noda held an informal 15-minute discussion Sunday amid rising tensions over a Japanese plan to nationalize in the coming week islands in the East China Sea that China also claims.

中國國家主席胡錦濤和日本首相野田佳彥(Yoshihiko Noda)週日舉行了15分鐘的非正式會談。日本打算在本週將位於東中國海(East China Sea，中國稱東海)的日中爭議島嶼進行國有化，日中雙方的緊張局勢因此不斷加劇。

Although the two sides agreed not to disclose the contents of the meeting, China's state-run news agency Xinhua released a report saying Mr. Hu told Mr. Noda that he was against nationalization of the islands-called Diaoyu by China and Senkaku by Japan-and that he believed the move would be invalid. Japanese officials said the Xinhua report appeared intended to draw attention to the dispute, and worried that China would only become more intransigent over the issue as it approaches a once-in-a-decade leadership transition this fall.

雖然日中雙方同意不披露會談內容，但中國官方通訊社新華社報道說，胡錦濤對野田佳彥說，他反對日本將釣魚島（日本稱尖閣列島(Senkaku)）國有化，並說他認爲此舉是無效的。日本官員說，新華社這篇報道似乎旨在吸引外界對這一爭端的關注。他們擔心，隨着今秋10年一次中國領導人換屆選舉的臨近，中國對這一問題的態度可能會更加強硬。

For China, there was little progress on a separate dispute in the South China Sea, after a planned meeting between Mr. Hu and Philippine President Benigno Aquino III fell through, according to a person familiar with the matter.

在南中國海(South China Sea, 中國稱南海)的另一起領土爭端中，中國也鮮有進展。知情人士表示，胡錦濤原定與菲律賓總統阿基諾三世(Benigno Aquino III)的會面未能如期舉行。

The Russian and U.S. delegations meanwhile remained at loggerheads over the deepening crisis in Syria. Speaking on the sidelines of the forum, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said she discussed Syria with Russian officials but managed only limited progress. A new United Nations resolution sought by Russia and aimed at ending the violence in Syria would be pointless if it had 'no teeth,' as Syrian President Bashar al-Assad would ignore it, she said.

與此同時，美俄代表團在日益加深的敘利亞危機問題上仍爭執不下。美國國務卿克林頓(Hillary Clinton)在峯會間歇說，她與俄羅斯官員討論了敘利亞問題，但僅取得了有限進展。她說，如果俄羅斯尋求的、旨在結束敘利亞暴力局面的一項聯合國新決議草案沒有強制的有效措施的話，決議草案將毫無意義，因爲敘利亞總統阿薩德(Bashar al-Assad)將對此視若無睹。

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov rejected U.S. calls for more economic pressure to be placed on Syria, saying at a press briefing: 'In Syria we are not supporting any sanctions because sanctions will not bring about anything.'

俄羅斯外長拉夫羅夫(Sergei Lavrov)反對美國提出的在經濟上向敘利亞進一步施壓的要求。拉夫羅夫在一個新聞吹風會上說，在敘利亞我們不會支持任何制裁措施，因爲制裁不會取得任何成效。

Russia also used the summit as a platform for criticism after the European Commission recently started an antitrust investigation of natural gas giant OAO Gazprom.

俄羅斯還利用此次峯會批評歐盟委員會(European Commission)的做法。歐盟委員會最近開始對俄羅斯天然氣巨頭OAO Gazprom展開反壟斷調查。

In a Sunday speech Mr. Putin accused European leaders of trying to use the company to subsidize what he saw as difficulties in Eastern European economies. Gazprom meets about a quarter of Europe's gas needs.

普京在週日的講話中指責歐洲領導人試圖利用Gazprom來緩解東歐經濟體面臨的困境。歐洲天然氣供應約有四分之一來自Gazprom。

Mr. Putin said Russia's trade-about half of which is with the European Union-is shifting toward the Asia-Pacific region. He contrasted EU countries, which in his view face economic difficulties due to 'excessive social guarantees,' with Asia's growing emerging economies.

普京說，俄羅斯對外貿易（其中約有一半是對歐盟的貿易）開始轉向亞太地區。他將歐盟成員國與亞洲不斷增長的新興經濟體做了對比。普京認爲，歐盟成員國因過度的社會保障而面臨困境。

While the various diplomatic rows swirled, questions also were raised about APEC's long-term mission to create a region-wide free-trade zone, as competing trade organizations develop among member states. China, Japan and South Korea are set to begin working on a trade agreement with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in November, while the U.S. is leading an initiative of its own known as the Trans-Pacific Partnership with Australia, Canada, and Vietnam, among others.

在各種外交爭端紛紛擾擾之際，隨着成員國間建立相互競爭的貿易組織，峯會上有關APEC計劃創建一個全地區範圍的自由貿易區的長期任務也提出了疑問。中國、日本和韓國11月將開始與東南亞國家聯盟(ASEAN，簡稱：東盟)協商制定一項貿易協議，而美國將牽頭與澳大利亞、加拿大和越南等國加入泛太平洋戰略經濟夥伴關係協議（簡稱TPP）的談判。

Although leaders at the summit generally argued the two agreements were not in competition, the U.S. push for the TPP has alienated some.

儘管與會領導人普遍認爲上述兩項協議不存在競爭關係，但美國推進TPP之舉疏遠了一些國家。

The TPP talks were dealt a setback during the summit with Japan deciding not to join the group, primarily because of domestic political concerns as the country heads into election season. Japan however is expected to eventually join the TPP.

在日本即將進入選舉季之際，國內的政治擔憂情緒從很大程度上使日本決定不加入TPP，圍繞TPP的談判在峯會期間隨之受挫。不過，外界預計日本最終將加入TPP。

One bright spot from the meeting was the decision by leaders to sign off on an extended list of 54 environmental goods, which will have tariffs capped at 5% or less by 2015. Just what goods were to be included in the list had been a thorny topic since APEC announced the tariff goals last year.

峯會的一個亮點是與會領導人決定通過擴大後的54類環保產品清單。2015年前，這類產品的關稅上限將爲5%或更低。自去年峯會宣佈了關稅目標以來，清單中究竟應該包括哪些產品一直是個爭論不休的話題。

The list in the end was expanded 54 items from 25 in one day. While some countries were unable to get all the items they wanted on the list-a person familiar with the matter said Indonesia pushed hard but failed to have crude palm oil included-they nonetheless rated the agreement highly, as it applies to a large industry facing a brewing trade war between member nations China and the U.S.

經過一天的討論後，清單最終從25類擴大到54類。儘管一些國家不能將自己希望的所有產品都包括在清單中（一位知情人士說，印尼曾力推將毛棕櫚油包括在清單內，但沒有成功），與會國仍給予了該協議高度評價，因爲該協議適用於一箇中美兩個成員國之間可能爆發貿易戰的大型行業。

One senior Japanese trade official said: 'If I had to grade the agreement, I would give it 100 out of 100.'

日本一位高級貿易官員說，如果要讓我給協議打分，我會打滿分100分。