穆斯林不應再對恐怖主義沉默

Radicalism is a disease of the mind. You cannot see it, hear it, feel it or know it exists until it is too late, as revellers in Nice enjoying Bastille Day fireworks found out on Thursday evening. As terrorists evolve strategies to attack innocent life with evermore creative methods, the global response remains mired in advancing techno-gadgetry that no longer gets the job done. François Molins, France’s counter-terrorism prosecutor, emphasised the point when he made clear that Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel, who used a lorry to kill 84 people in Nice, had not shown up in any of the intelligence services’ databases.

激進主義是一種精神疾病。等你看見它、聽到它、感覺到它、知道它的存在時，一切已爲時過晚。上週四晚，正在法國尼斯欣賞國慶煙花表演的狂歡羣衆明白了這一點。恐怖分子襲擊無辜生命的策略在不斷演變，手段新穎，全球反應卻仍執念於發展那些已不再能應付反恐任務的高科技小發明。當法國負責反恐的檢察官弗朗索瓦•莫林斯(François Molins)明確表示穆罕默德•拉胡瓦傑•布哈勒(Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel)——駕駛卡車在尼斯殺死84名羣衆的兇手——從未出現在情報部門的任何數據庫中，他着重指出了這種現狀。

Yet at the heart of our collective failure to halt the march of Islamism against humanity is the unforgivable silence of us peaceful Muslims. While we have long enjoyed “liberté, égalité, fraternité”, we have failed to root out radicalism where it grows. We have been unable or unwilling to openly challenge wrong-headed views on Islam for fear the lunatic fringe would brand us non-Muslim traitors. This must now stop.

我們沒能阻止伊斯蘭主義朝着反人類方向發展，導致這一集體失敗的核心因素，是我們愛好和平的穆斯林不可饒恕的沉默。雖然我們早就享有着“自由、平等、博愛”，卻未能從源頭根除激進主義。我們一直無力或不願公開挑戰在闡釋伊斯蘭教義方面頑固不化的錯誤觀點，因爲我們生怕極端分子給我們打上非穆斯林叛徒的印記。不能這樣下去了。

We must shoulder responsibility for what has happened to our great religion. We must rebuild the shattered trust between peace-loving Muslims boxed in by Islamists calling us kaffirs, or non-believers, and fellow citizens who see us as pacifist enablers. This will happen more swiftly if western political leaders demonstrate a better grasp of what Islam’s core value system was at its birth and acknowledge how radicalism came to pollute its practice.

對於發生在我們偉大宗教的這些事情，我們必須肩負起責任。熱愛和平的穆斯林被伊斯蘭主義者束縛住了手腳——他們稱我們爲“卡菲爾”（kaffirs，即不信道者）；另一些公民則視我們爲綏靖分子。我們必須重塑穆斯林與這些公民之間破碎的信任。如果西方政治領導人對伊斯蘭教原本的核心價值體系表現出更深入的瞭解，並認識到激進主義是怎樣敗壞了伊斯蘭教習俗，我們重塑信任的努力也就能夠更快完成。

The Prophet Mohammed instructed his followers at his farewell sermon in Mecca to remember: “All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; white has no superiority over black, nor does black have any superiority over white; none have superiority over another except by piety and good action.” The prophet was the primary force behind the Constitution of Medina, written in 622 — a document with remarkable similarity to modern constitutional frameworks guaranteeing the rights of all people, irrespective of religious affiliation.

先知默罕默德(The Prophet Mohammed)在麥加的辭朝演說上指示他的追隨者們記住：“全人類都是阿丹和哈娃的後代。阿拉伯人不優越於非阿拉伯人，非阿拉伯人也不優越於阿拉伯人；白人不優越於黑人，黑人也不優越於白人。除了虔誠和行善，沒有人能夠比別人優越。”先知默罕默德是《麥地那憲章》(Constitution of Medina)背後的主要推動者，這部憲章撰寫於公元622年，與保障所有人權利（不論宗教信仰）的現代憲政框架頗爲相似。

Political leaders who flay Islam and its lunatic fringe are not wrong in their criticisms of us. But their proposed solutions are short-sighted. Whether American, British or French, they must constructively challenge Muslims of all kinds to stand up and be counted as citizens abiding by their country’s laws, not just by religious belief. Working with local Muslim communities to design ways to protect all our citizens against the terrorist violence bred in the name of Islam is far better than the confrontational approach some leaders have laid out.

有些政治領導人對伊斯蘭教及其極端分子予以嚴厲指責，他們對我們的批評並沒有錯，但他們提出的解決方案是短視的。無論美國、英國還是法國，都必須積極要求所有穆斯林挺身而起，扮演好遵守國家法律、而不只是遵守宗教信仰的公民身份。領導人應該與當地穆斯林社區合作制定策略，以保護我們所有公民不受那些以伊斯蘭之名繁衍的恐怖主義暴行的傷害，這遠遠勝過某些領導人所提的對抗性路線。

Meanwhile, peace-loving Muslims across the west must now take action. We should start by doing three things inconceivable to many of us before the spate of attacks in France and elsewhere — things that will go against the grain of the freedoms we have enjoyed until now, and which will make us targets of the very terrorists who threaten us all with their insane notions of a caliphate.

此外，西方世界所有熱愛和平的穆斯林現在必須行動起來。我們應該從三件事入手，在法國及其他地方接連遭襲之前，這三件事在我們很多人看來是不可思議的，這些事將有悖於我們迄今所享有的自由，將令我們成爲極端恐怖分子的目標，這羣人瘋狂地想要建立起一個哈里發國，他們威脅着我們所有人。

First, imams should filter access to community mosques that have become hotbeds for extremism in our midst, until each one can fully account for those who attend as peace-loving, prayer-offering almsgiving Muslims, not as planners of terror. We should consider issuing mosque ID cards. Public accountability is now our obligation.

首先，對於那些已經變成極端主義溫牀的社區清真寺，伊瑪目應該對進入的人加以篩查，直到每個人都能說清那些進入清真寺的人是熱愛和平、祈禱慈悲的穆斯林，而不是恐怖活動策劃者。我們應該考慮頒發清真寺身份證。公共問責現在是我們的義務。

Second, we must develop integrated neighbourhood watch committees whose job it is to know all those who go in and out of our areas. These groups should comprise Muslims, Jews, Christians, agnostics — anyone who wants peaceful coexistence — able to assist local authorities in getting to know the residents of our communities and what they are up to. Local officials should give these citizens’ groups the authority to demand compliance and should also interact frequently with them to insure smooth relations.

其次，我們必須建立起鄰里守望委員會，其職責是瞭解所有出入我們所在地區的人員。鄰里守望委員會的成員應包括穆斯林、猶太人、基督教徒、不可知論者以及所有願意和平共處的人，這些團體有助於地方當局瞭解我們社區居民，以及他們所從事的工作。地方官員應賦予這些公民團體要求人們服從規定的權力，同時還應與他們頻繁溝通，以確保關係順暢。

Third, our political leaders should more frequently invoke the direct words of the Prophet to define clearly what a Muslim is and is not. While military measures are necessary in the short term, and forceful as they must be to stamp out the fanatics, western leaders bear a great responsibility to protect the good in Islam and the right of those citizens who practise it to peacefully coexist among us. This will help raise up the silent Muslim majority in a manner no other action can, countering the proliferation of radicalism.

第三，我們的政治領導人應該更頻繁地援引先知的原話，以明確定義什麼是穆斯林，什麼不是穆斯林。對於西方領導人來說，雖然從短期來看軍事手段是必要的，也是消滅狂熱分子的強有力的手段，但他們還承擔着一項重任，他們要保護伊斯蘭教好的方面，也要保障那些踐行伊斯蘭教義心懷和平共處意願的公民的權利。只有這種做法纔有助於鼓舞沉默的多數穆斯林，從而抑制激進主義的擴散。

Ignorance is no excuse for bigotry. But silence and inaction are inexcusable in the face of the scourge of radicalism. Muslims citizens everywhere must stand together to douse the flames of hatred fanned by those who love chaos and terror, not liberty and freedom.

無知不是偏執的藉口。但是，面對激進主義的禍害，沉默和無所作爲是不可原諒的。那些喜歡混亂和恐怖活動、厭惡自由的人煽動起了仇恨的火焰，全世界穆斯林公民必須站在一起，去撲滅這些火焰。

The writer, an American of Pakistani ancestry, is a hedge fund manager who negotiated Sudan’s offer of counter-terrorism assistance to the Clinton administration in 1997 and in 2000 co-wrote the blueprint for a ceasefire in Kashmir

注：本文作者爲巴基斯坦裔美國人，是一名對衝基金經理，他曾在1997年參與蘇丹向克林頓(Clinton)政府提供反恐協助的談判，並在2000年參與撰寫了克什米爾停火計劃。