雙語科技百科(地理) 第21期 《山海經》

Classic of Mountains and Seas

《山海經》

Shan Hai Jing(Classic of Mountains and Seas)was an important geo-graphical literature on geography in ancient China. The currently availa-ble version includes 18 volumes，among which 5 volumes are Shan Jing(Classic of Mountains)，8 volumes are Hai Jing(Classic of Seas)，4 volumes are Da Huang Jing(Classic of Big Land)and 1 Volume Is Hainei Jing(Classic of Mainland) is said that Shan Hai Jing was written by Yu，one of the forefathers of ancient Chi-na，but the saying is quite doubtful.

《山海經》是中國古代的重要地理文獻。現在的版本有十八卷，包括《山經》五卷、《海經》八卷、《大荒經》四卷、《海內經》一卷。傳說是禹所作，不太可信。

In this book, Shah Jing and Hai Jing form their own specific systems accord-ingly，while they were finished in different periods，Share ,Zing contains the descrip-tion of famous mountains and great rivers，propagation and minerals on the main-land. It is estimated that this part of the book was finished in the early or mid peri-od the Warring States Period. Hai Jing contains a great deal of alien legends，fairy tales home and abroad，and was written in the Qin Dynasty ( 221 BC一206 BC ) or atthe beginning of the Western Han Dynasty.

《山海經》的《山經》和《海經》各成體系，成書的時代也不一樣。《山經》涉及巫術較多，記載了海內名山大川、動植物產、禎祥怪異等內容。寫作年代一般推測爲戰國初期或中期。《海經》則是方士用書，記載海內外怪異傳聞，還有大量神話傳說，寫作時代是秦(前221一前206)或西漢初年。

Shan Hai Jing，containing rich legends and fairy tales，is very valuable for historical study，especially helpful for research on primitive society in China，and the primitive surname，tribes，and knowledge and understanding of the universe，nature and social development.

《山海經》中有豐富的神話傳說資料，具有重要的史學價值，這有助於研究中國的原始社會和上古的姓氏、部族，及上古人對宇宙、自然和社會歷史的認識狀況。

According to the records in Shan Hai Jing，the Yellow Emperors is the heavenly emperor of the west. He was the great grandfather of Zhuan Xu(a legendary ancient emperor)，the grandfa-then of Guan. He was also the ancestor of many tribes inside and outside China. Di Jun has no re-cords in other books and is not listed among San Huang Wu Di(Three Emperors and Five Gods)，and is the only heavenly emperor in Shan Hai this book, he was the inventor of farming，craft, vehicle，boat, musical in-struments，singing and dancing. Together with Xi(the legendary goddess)，he gave birth to 10 suns and 12 moons，which relate to the astronomy and the calen-dar. There are still many legends about the water-control of the Great Yu，battle between the Great Yu and Gong Gonq so on.

根據《山海經》的記載，黃帝是西方的天帝。他不僅是擷項的曾祖、穌的祖父，還是中國境內和四裔許多部族共同的祖先，這對研究中國民族史有着重要價值。帝俊在其他書中沒有記載，也沒有列人三皇五帝之中，他是《山海經》中獨有的天帝。《山海經》把農、工、車、舟、琴瑟、歌舞的發明權都歸於他，還說他和羲和生了十個太陽，又生了十二月，這又和天文曆法有了關係。《山海經》中還有關於大禹治水、禹攻共工等神話傳說。