雙語科技百科(近現代成就) 第132期:西氣東輸
West-to-East Gasl Diversion Project
The West-to-East Gas Diversion Project, as well as the "West-to-East Electricity Transmission," and the "South-to-North Water Diversion" is the governments key national strategic project, aimed at realigning overall economic development and achieving rational distribution of national resources across China. There is a natural gas storage of 26,000 billion m3, occupying 87% of the national storage, in Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin, and Szechwan Basin, etc. gas fields in Western China, among which Tarim Basin in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has the capacity of 8,000 billion m3,22% of the national storage. The discovery of the natural gas reserves in Tarim Basin made China the fourth largest gas country after Russia, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.
“西氣東輸”與“西電東送”、“南水北調”並稱爲中國三大國家重點建設工程。實施西氣東輸工程，有利於促進我國能源結構和產業結構調整，爲西部大開發、將西部地區的資源優勢變爲經濟優勢創造了條件，對推動和加快西部經濟發展具有重大的戰略意義。我國西部地區的塔里木、柴達木、陝甘寧和四川盆地蘊藏着26萬億立方米的天然氣資源，約佔全國陸上天然氣資源的87%。特別是新疆塔里木盆地，天然氣資源量有8萬多億立方米，佔全國天然氣資源總量的22%。塔里木盆地天然氣的發現，使我國成爲繼俄羅斯、卡塔爾、沙特阿拉伯等國之後的天然氣大國。The launch of the West-to-East Gas Diversion Project was passed in February, 2000. It is the landmark project of the Great Western Development Strategy in China. The first phase of the West-to-East Gas Diversion Project includes a 4,200km trunk pipeline running from Lunnan in Tarim Basin to Shanghai, conveying natural gas to central China, Eastern China and the Yangtze River delta zone. Finished in 2004, it is expected to have a capacity of 12 billion m3 annually. The second phase of the Project, operated by Petro China, will have a designed gas capacity of 30 billion m3 annually and the construction will begin in 2008. This second pipeline will be mainly supplied by Turkmenistan and Kazakstan, the Central Asia-China gas pipe- line. The third pipeline is designed to convey a joint gas supply from Russia and Xinjiang to the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta.
2000年2月國務院第一次會議批准啓動“西氣東輸”工程，是拉開西部大開發序幕的標誌性建設工程。從新疆至上海的西氣東輸一線管道2004年建成投產，線路全長約4200千米，年設計輸量120億立方米；全線採用自動化控制，供氣範圍覆蓋中原、華東、長江三角洲地區。它西起塔里木盆地的輪南，起點是塔北油田，東至上海。西氣東輸二線管道主供氣源爲引進土庫曼斯坦、哈薩克斯坦等中亞國家的天然氣，國內氣源作爲備用和補充氣源。據初步方案，西氣東輸二線幹線管道設計輸氣規模300億立方米／年，計劃2008年全線開工，姒由中國石油獨資建設，2010年建成通氣。規劃中的第三條天然氣管道，路線基本確定爲從新疆通過江西抵達福建，把俄羅斯和中國西北部的天然氣輸往能源需求量龐大的長江三角洲和珠zr三角洲地區。
