雙語科技百科(近現代成就) 第108期:863計劃綱要
National High-Tech R&D Program,(863 Program)
Since the 1980s new tides of technical development have produced a huge influence on the human beings and evoked a profound revolution in economy, society, culture, politics, military, etc. at the whole world. In 1983 the United States put forward the Strategic Defense Initiative (i. e. the Star Wars Initiative), then came the EURICA of Europe, the Comprehensive Outline of Science and Technology Progress in Year 2000 0f the member countries of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance ( CMEA) at that time, the Policies for the Promotion of Science and Technology in the Next Ten Years of Japan, etc. , which are all strategic plans aimed at the 21st century.
1980年代以來，科學技術迅速發展，對人類產生了巨大的影響，引起了經濟、社會、文化、政治、軍事等各方面深刻的變革。1983年3月美國提出“星球大戰”計劃，歐洲的尤里卡計劃、日本的“今後10年科學技術振興政策”等着眼於21世紀的戰略計劃也先後應運而生。In March 1986, in view of the impacts of competition in the fields of high technologies in the world on China, four scientists, Wang Daheng, Wang Ganchang, Yang Jiachi and Chen Fanyun, submitted a letter to the central government to suggest that China adopt appropriate countermeasures to trace the development of high technologies in the world. This letter received great attention of Mr. Deng Xiaoping, who gave the written instruction “Quick decision should be made on this matter without any delay”. In the following half year, the Program for Hi-Tech Research and Development ( called Program 863 for short) was issued after extensive and in-depth study by hundreds of Chinese scientists. Since then the development of research on high technologies has entered a new stage in China. Because the letter of the scientists and the written instructions were both put forward in March 1986, hence came the name of “863” for the magnificent program.
1986年3月，王大珩、王淦昌、楊嘉墀、陳芳允四位老科學家聯合向中央政府寫了一封信，題爲《關於跟蹤世界戰略性高科技發展的建議》，信中懇切地建議中國採取措施跟蹤世界高科技發展，發展我國高技術的建議。這封信得到了鄧小平同志的高度重視，小平同志親自批示：“這個建議十分重要”，“找些專家和有關負責同志討論，提出意見，以憑決策，此事宜速作決斷，不可拖延。”在隨後的半年中，經過廣泛、全面和極爲嚴格的科學和技術論證後，中共中央、國務院批准了《高技術研究發展計劃（863計劃）綱要》。從此，中國的高技術研究發展進入了一個新階段。由於計劃的提出與鄧小平同志的批示都是在1986年3月進行的，因此此計劃被稱爲“863”。
