雙語科技百科(地理) 第22期 都江堰
Dujiang Yan
Dujiang Yan(The Dujiang River Dyke ) is a great ancient irrigation project situated about 50 kilometers northwest of Dujiang Yan City，Sichuan Province.
都江堰是一項偉大的古代水利工程，位於四川省成都市西北方向約50千米處的都江堰市。The Minjiang River is a major tributary of the Yangtze River in its upper re Dujiang Yan was built, when torrential water rushed down the mountains in summer, the Minjiang River overflowed its banks and caused serious floods on the Cheng Du Plain. When the rainfall was not plentiful，the flow of water in the Minjiang River would decrease，aggravating the drought on the western Si-chuan Plain.
眠江是長江上游的一條較大的支流，發源於四川省北部高山地區。在都江堰建成以前，每當春夏山洪暴發之時，江水奔騰而下，由於河道狹窄，常常引起洪災，洪水一退，又是沙石千里，造成東旱西澇。
In 256BC，Li Bing was appointed governor of Sichuan. To conquer the floods of the Minjiang River, he trekked upstream until he reached the area of the present-day Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. He got a lot of hydrological data on the Minjiang River. Then he began to build Dujiang Yan. Dujiang Yan system consists of the Fish Mouth，the Sand-flying Dyke and the Precious Bottle Neck.
秦昭襄王五十一年(公元前256年)，秦國蜀郡太守李冰沿崛江逆流而上，艱苦跋涉，親自勘察崛江的水情、地勢等情況，直至今日的西藏自治區的阿壩。他吸取前人的治水經驗，率領當地人民，主持修建了著名的都江堰水利工程。都江堰的主體工程包括魚嘴分水堤、飛沙堰溢洪道和寶瓶口進水口。The Fish Mouth is a diversion dam built of pebbles. It divides the Minjiang River into the inner river and the outer river. The water of the inner river flows through the Precious Bottle Neck to irrigate 200，000 hectares of farmland around Cheng outer river was designed mainly to release floodwater. The Sand-flying Dyke between the Fish Mouth and the Precious Bottle Neck is an overflow dyke. When there is too much water in the inner river, the surplus water brims over the Sand-flying Dyke and flows into the outer river.
魚嘴分水堤由鵝卵石修建而成，作用是將眠江水流分成內江和外江，其中內江水流經寶瓶口進水口引人成都平原，灌溉面積達20萬公頃，而外江水流則將洪水引人內江水流，剩餘的水經位處內江和外江之間的飛沙堰溢洪道溢出至外江水流。這樣既可以分洪減災，又可以引水灌田、變害爲利。After Dujiang Yan was completed，Li Bing composed the rhyme easy for mem-ory:“Dredge the riverbed when the water is deep and build low dykes when the water is low.”It contains the guiding principle of dredging the waterways in ancient China.
爲了觀測和控制內江水量，李冰又雕刻了三個石樁人像，放於水中，以“枯水不淹足，洪水不過肩”來確定水位。他還鑿制石馬置於江心，以此作爲每年最小水量時淘灘的標準。Dujiang Yan serves the purposes of navigation，flood control，log floating and urban water supply. The trinity of the Fish Mouth，the Sand-flying Dyke and the Pre-cious Bottle Neck keeps an effective control of water flowing into the inner river. In case of drought，Dujiang Yan channels water into the fields. If waterlogging oc-curs，the floodwater can be the completion of Dujiang Yan，both floods and droughts have been brought under control and famine years have Cheng Du Plain becomes“a land of abundanc”，with an irrigation area of 10 million mu(1 mu=1 / 15 hectare ).
都江堰一直髮揮着航行、防洪、運木、供水等作用，它的三大部分，魚嘴分水堤、飛沙堰溢洪道和寶瓶口進水口，有效地解決了江水自動分流、自動排沙、控制進水流量等問題，消除了水患。都江堰工程使成都平原從此沃野千里的天府之國。目前灌溉面積超過1000萬畝。Dujiang Yan has been in use for more than 2000 years. It is a miracle in the world history of water conservancy.
2000多年來，都江堰一直髮揮巨大效益。它是世界水利工程的奇蹟。
