英語否定的幾種表示方法

英語中的部分否定(即不完全否定),接下來，小編給大家準備了英語否定的幾種表示方法,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

一、 all 的否定式：not all…(或：all…not)表示"並非都……"、"不是所有的都……"例如：

Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 並非人人都能當頭頭。

Not all bamboo grows tall. 並非所有的竹子都會長得很高。

二、 both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) "並非兩個……都……" 例如：

I don't want both the books. 我不是兩本書都要。

Both (the) windows are not open. 兩扇窗子並不都開着。

三、 every…的否定式："不是每……都……" 例如：

Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本書都有教育意義的。

Not everyone likes this book. 並非人人都喜歡這本書。

This flower is not seen everywhere. 這花並不是隨處可見的。

四、 always的否定式："並非總是(並非一直)……" 例如：

He is not always so sad. 他並不是一直都這樣悲傷。

五、 entirely1, altogether, completely2 和quite 的否定式："不完全……"，"並非完全……" 例如：

The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。

He felt not altogether satisfied3. 他並不完全滿意。

I don't agree completely. 我並不完全同意。

What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥當。

六、 all the time 的否定式："並非一直……"、"未必老是……" 例如：

A foolish man doesn't make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯錯誤。

七、 not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and後面的那一部分。 例如：

He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他講得清楚但不正確。

This film is not interesting and instructive. 這部電影有趣但無教育意義。

She cannot sing and dance. 她會唱歌但不會跳舞。

如果將and 換成or，not 對其後面的兩部分就全盤否定了。

He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他講的既不清楚也不正確。

如要對上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the time 等詞作完全否定，那就分別要用與之相對應的全否定詞，如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如：

All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.

Both are good.---Neither is good.

Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.

He is always late. --- He is never late.

We don't trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.

He was here all the time. --- He was never here.

　　擴展：英語的否定轉移

在學英語的過程中，學生常將這樣的句子 "我認爲這不是個好主意." 譯爲"I think it isn't a good idea." 而將這句英語譯成漢語時，學生又會譯爲 "我不認爲這是個好主意." 老師又會說譯錯了，這不符合 "I don't think..." 句型，應譯爲 "l don't think it's a good idea."

那麼，這錯誤的根源究竟在哪裏?這就是“英語的否定轉移”在作怪。否定轉移在非正式語體中特別常見，它是將語義上屬於從屬分句(一般爲that clause1)的否定詞轉移到母句中去。允許否定轉移的母句動詞在語義上可分爲以下兩組：

1.看法(OPINION)：anticipate，be supposed to，believe，calculate， expect，figure (infml，AmE),imagine, reckon2 (infml，esp, in AmE)，suppose，think:

Eg. I don't believe I've met you before.

("I believe I haven't met you before.")

Eg. She didn't imagine that we would say anything.

("She imagined we wouldn't say anything.")

Eg. He didn't expect to win.

("He expected not to win.")

2.感覺(PERCEPTION) appear，seem，feel as if，look as if，sound as if (後三個動詞也作infml，esp， in AmE，其中用like來代替as if)：

Eg. It doesn't seem that we canget our money back.

"It seems that we can't get our money back."

Eg. The baby doesn't appear to be awake.

("The baby appears not to be awake.")

Eg. It doesn't look like it's going to rain.

("It looks like it isn't going to rain.")

否定的轉移是一種含糊的現象。對於否定詞位置不同的兩個句子，意思是否相同，或者在多大程度上相同的問題，各人的直覺可能是不同的。但在以下特殊情況下，原來允許否定轉移的動詞不能將否定轉移：

1.I think是插入句，可看作與其他部分無關：

I wish you were here，then I think I should not feel like this.

2.母句中添加情態動詞can't mustn't wouldn't時：

I can't believe that they are married.

You mustn't think he's stupid.

I wouldn't have imagined that Sandra would be here.

3.由於cannot help doing，ought not，need not，not at all等短語的關係而把I think隔離。

I should have thought sometimes you couldn't help thinking of the past.

I think you ought not to walk at night alone，Mrs. Moore.

I think you need not be impolite3 to her，as well as to her son.

"I think the angel4 are not at all in heaven." nd said."

4. 由於not just... but， just not... enough，not much, not quite等以not爲核心的副詞短語的影響，也不便把否定拿到動詞的前面去：

I think I'm just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.

"You think she's not much like you? Brerald asked.

But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.

句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等的不定詞時：

I should think you never have seen many.

I thought it explained nothing.