中國將對新全球化做出貢獻

摘 要

China will play its part in the new globalization
《星期日電訊報》刊發劉曉明大使的文章

On 15 January 2017, the Sunday Telegraph and its website published a signed article by Ambassador Liu Xiaoming entitled “China will play its part in the new globalisation”. The full text is as follows:
2017年1月15日，英國《星期日電訊報》紙質版和網絡版刊登駐英國大使劉曉明題爲《中國將對新全球化做出貢獻》的署名文章。全文如下：

China Will Play Its Part in the New Globalization
中國將對新全球化做出貢獻

Liu Xiaoming
劉曉明

Fifteen years after China’s accession to the World Trade Organisation, the “substitute nation” method for calculating anti-dumping measure against China has finally expired. This is according to Article 15 of the Protocol on China’s accession to the organisation back in 2001. It means fellow members should no longer discriminate against Chinese exports under “anti-dumping” measures.
中國加入世界貿易組織15年後，根據《中國加入世界貿易組織議定書》第15條，針對中國的反傾銷“替代國”條款已經終止。這意味着世貿組織成員在對中國的反傾銷調查中，不能再歧視中國的出口商品。

The spirit of the contract is the foundation of the market economy and adherence to international treaties is one of the basic norms of the international law. All WTO members are obliged to ensure honest contractual performance and to uphold the authority of the multilateral trading regime, which in turn serves the interests of the members themselves.
契約精神是市場經濟的基石，信守條約是國際法的基本準則。維護條約義務的嚴肅性和多邊貿易體制的權威性，是世貿組織成員的共同義務，也符合成員國的共同利益。

Regrettably, however, both the United States and the EU, as well as a few others, have so far refused to fulfil their obligations under Article 15 by upgrading China’s WTO status. Indeed, the EU has gone further, intending to replace “non-market economy” criteria with “market distortion” criteria. These fancy concepts cannot disguise the undeclared intention to renege on international treaty obligations or even to misinterpret WTO rules in order to continue with anti-dumping cases against China. This, in essence, is protectionism, which not only jeopardises mutual trust and cooperation between WTO members but also undermines international confidence in multilateral trading regime and rules.
然而，美國和歐盟等少數世貿組織成員公然拒絕履行《議定書》第15條規定的國際義務。歐盟甚至還企圖以“市場嚴重扭曲”標準代替“非市場經濟國家”標準。這些國家變相延續“替代國”做法，逃避其應履行的國際條約義務，曲解世貿組織規則，旨在繼續對中國進行反傾銷個案調查。其實質是搞保護主義，這不僅將損害成員國之間的互信與合作，也將損害國際社會對多邊貿易規則和體制的信心。

Pasta Sunt Servanda. Or as the Chinese say: “You can’t get a proper square without a ruler or a circle without a compass.” Both Western and Oriental wisdom emphasises the most fundamental principle of international law – that agreements must be kept. Over the past 15 years, China has earnestly fulfilled its WTO obligations, being an active and resolute participant in, upholder and contributor of the multilateral trading regime. On 1 January 2010, China fully completed its tariff reduction commitment well in advance, winning international acclaim. In 2016, China hosted the successful G20 Summit in Hangzhou, initiated the G20 Trade and Investment Working Group, and led the making of the G20 Strategy for Global Trade Growth. The Summit also laid out the first global framework of multilateral rules governing international investment. These are China’s contribution to global economic governance. It is now time for the US and the EU to fulfil their commitment.
中國有句古語，“沒有規矩、不成方圓”，西方也有“約定必須遵守”的原則。這些既是東西方智慧的結晶，也是最基本的國際法準則。中國加入世貿組織15年來，始終認真履行世界貿易組織的義務，是多邊貿易體制的積極參與者、堅定維護者和重要貢獻者。2010年1月1日，中國提前全部履行入世時的關稅減讓承諾，贏得全世界廣泛讚譽。2016年，中國成功舉辦二十國集團杭州峯會，倡導成立貿易和投資工作組，牽頭制定了《G20全球貿易增長戰略》，首次形成全球多邊投資規則框架，爲全球經濟治理貢獻了中國智慧。現在該輪到美國和歐盟等兌現承諾了！

Through its active participation in the multilateral trade system, China has made huge contribution to world economic growth. It is now the second largest economy, largest trading nation in goods and the biggest trading partner for more than 130 countries around the world. It is also the number one destination for foreign investment and second largest outbound investor. As an important powerhouse of the world economy, China in recent years has contributed 25 per cent to global growth.
中國積極參與多邊貿易體系，對世界經濟發展做出了巨大貢獻。中國作爲世界第二大經濟體、第一大貨物貿易國、第一大吸引外資國，第二大對外投資國以及130多個國家的最大貿易伙伴，對世界經濟增長貢獻率保持在25%左右，成爲世界經濟重要動力源。

At present, globalisation is in difficulty. International trade and investment is sluggish while protectionism is on the rise. However, anti-globalisation and protectionism offer no way out. The future of the world economy lies with economic globalisation. As a study by the Peterson Institute for International Economics finds, if the US placed 45 per cent tariffs on Chinese goods and 35 per cent tariffs on Mexico, and China and Mexico did the same to US goods and services, US exports and imports would shrink, consumption and investment would plunge, unemployment would rise, and economic growth would slow down to recession within three years.
當前，經濟全球化遇到波折，國際貿易和投資低迷，保護主義擡頭。應該看到，經濟全球化符合生產力發展要求，符合各方利益，“逆全球化”和搞保護主義沒有出路。正如美國彼得森國際經濟研究所研究報告顯示：若美國對從中國和墨西哥進口的商品分別徵收45%和35%的關稅，中、墨也對從美進口的商品徵收同樣關稅，美將面臨進出口萎縮、消費和投資走低、失業率攀升，經濟增速將不斷下滑並於2019年進入衰退。

Economic globalisation is in temporary adjustment and transition. That’s nothing to fear. What we must do is to adjust and adapt, and to build an upgraded version of globalisation. Countries should find the match between globalisation and their own development, address issues of fairness and justice, and work together to build a more inclusive world economy that benefits all.
There should be stronger support for the WTO’s multilateral trading regime and greater priority given to trade and investment facilitation and liberalisation. Fragmentation of regional trade agreements must be effectively addressed to ensure that trade arrangements are open and inclusive rather than closed and exclusive. If countries of the world work together to dovetail their development strategies and co-operation initiatives, they will be on the right path toward common development. China will continue to take an active part in that.
經濟全球化暫時進入調整、轉型期並不可怕，關鍵是我們要順應新趨勢，適應新要求，打造全球化的升級版。世界各國在參與經濟全球化進程中，應注重同各自發展實踐相結合，注重解決公平公正問題，引領經濟全球化向更加包容普惠的方向發展；應支持多邊貿易體制，把促進貿易和投資自由化便利化放在更突出的位置，重振貿易和投資活力；應有效應對區域貿易協定碎片化現象，倡導開放包容，防止封閉排他；應加強發展戰略及合作倡議對接，實現共同發展。中國將繼續參與全球化進程並做出積極貢獻。

The complexity and challenges of the world economy call for countries to co-operate. The UK has always been committed to free trade and now to building a “truly global Britain”. China stands ready to work with the UK and other like-minded nations to advance a new type of globalisation, to oppose protectionism, to improve and uphold the multilateral trading regime, and to build an innovative, invigorated, interconnected and inclusive world economy.
面對複雜嚴峻的世界經濟形勢，國際社會需加強合作。英國是自由貿易的旗手，致力於打造“全球化英國”。中國願與英國和其他負責任的國家一道，共同推進新型經濟全球化，堅決反對保護主義，維護好、建設好多邊貿易體制，共同推動發展創新、活力、聯動、包容的世界經濟。