美語情景對話 第483期:Irish History 愛爾蘭歷史

Todd: Hey, Eucharia can you give us a brief history of Ireland?

託德：嗨，尤查里亞，你能和我們簡單說說愛爾蘭的歷史嗎？

Eucharia: Sure well, I think most people know of St Patrick's day and that it is an Irish festival which celebrates being Irish. Well, St Patrick was brought to Ireland in 460 as a slave from Wales and then he left and went to Italy where he was converted to Christianity and then he went back to Ireland to bring Christianity to the Irish Celtic people. So, skipping ahead a few years. The Celtic people were always quite unique within Europe because we… the Celtic people always believed in equality between men and women and therefore there were women warriors in Ireland which used to frighten many of the potential invaders away because a lot of men didn't like to be beaten by women back then and maybe it's still true today.

尤查里亞：當然可以，我想大部分人都知道聖帕特里克節，這是愛爾蘭人慶祝的一個節日。聖帕特里克出生在威爾士，公元460年他被當成奴隸賣到了愛爾蘭，之後他離開愛爾蘭前往意大利，在那裏皈依基督教，後來他回到愛爾蘭並向愛爾蘭凱爾特人宣揚基督教。先說一下之前的情況。凱爾特人在歐洲屬於非常獨特的族羣，因爲我們……凱爾特人一直相信男女平等，所以愛爾蘭有很多女戰士，她們曾趕跑了很多想入侵愛爾蘭的人，當時很多男性並不想被女人打，我想現在情況也是如此。

Then the next biggest thing in history was the colonialisation of Ireland by England, starting in the 16th century until the early 20th century. And it wasn't taken to readily because of the nature of the Celtic warriors. It was probably the bloodiest period in history because the Celtic people did not like to be colonised, so there was a lot of fighting and battles between the English and the Irish even though the English had, to all intents and purposes, colonised, it was not an easy colonisation. But the single most effective tech that the Eng used in the colonisation came in 1822 when the English implemented a national education system. Before this the Irish people used to go and learn in schools called 'hedge schools', so they were outside and they were given by people who wanted to teach, so genuine academics and people learned stuff like ancient greek, latin, so most people have this tradition of speaking other languages, mathematics… So when the education system was changed in line with the English colonial system it became illegal to speak Irish in the classroom and it became illegal to speak Irish in many places. Now in my city there's a lovely trading area called 'The Old English Market' and its called 'The Old English Market' because there is a sign inside the door: 'Anyone who will speak… who will speak in Irish and not in English will be sent to jail'. So it was really strictly enforced and it was a very… I can't say laudable technique but… it was a very effective way of colonisation. Nowadays in Ireland people spk English and people speak Irish, both, and it's considered bilingual. All documents, all street names are written in Irish and English.

愛爾蘭歷史上最重大的事件是在16世紀至20世紀初期成爲英國的殖民地。但是由於凱爾特戰士的天性，愛爾蘭並不是很輕易就被入侵了。那可能是愛爾蘭歷史上最爲血腥的時期，因爲凱爾特人不喜歡被殖民，所以愛爾蘭和英國之間爆發了很多鬥爭和戰爭，雖然事實上英國已經在殖民統治愛爾蘭了，但那次殖民化並不容易。英國殖民統治時期最有成效的方法是在1822年推行國家教育體制。在此之前愛爾蘭人上的是“露天學校”，他們在戶外上課而且是由願意教學的人來上課，人們會學習古希臘語和拉丁語，所以大部分人都會說其他的語言，當然這種學校也會教數學……而爲了配合英國的殖民系統，教育體制進行了更改，這樣一來在課堂上還有愛爾蘭的許多地方說愛爾蘭語都是違法的。現在我的家鄉城市有個有意思的交易區叫“舊式英語市場”，稱爲“舊式英語市場”的原因是門口掛着一個牌子，上面寫着：任何人說……任何說愛爾蘭語而不說英語的人都要被送進監獄。所以當時的規定執行地非常嚴格，而且非常……我不能說那是值得稱讚的方法，不過……那的確是一種非常有效的殖民方式。現在愛爾蘭人既說英語也說愛爾蘭語，愛爾蘭是有兩個官方語言的國家。所有的文件、街道名稱都是用愛爾蘭和英語寫成的。

1922 there was what was known as the civil war and that was the beginning of the end for the English so the first Irish constitution was written in 1935 and it stated that Ireland is a neutral country so therefore Ireland did not enter World War 2 and it was declared a Republic in 1949.

1922年爆發了內戰，標誌着英國殖民統治的結束，愛爾蘭第一部憲法於1935年完成，憲法規定愛爾蘭是中立國家，所以愛爾蘭沒有參加第二次世界大戰，1949年愛爾蘭宣佈成立共和國。

Todd: Thanks. That was a good history!

託德：謝謝你。這段歷史很詳細！

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重點講解：
1. frighten away
嚇跑；嚇走；把…嚇得躲遠；
eg. The fishermen said the company's seismic survey was frightening away fish.
漁民們說這家公司進行的地震勘測把魚都嚇跑了。
eg. The purpose of many of the festivities is to frighten away bad spirits.
很多這樣的慶祝儀式都是爲了嚇走妖魔鬼怪。
2. to all intents and purposes
差不多等於；幾乎在一切方面；
eg. To all intents and purposes he was my father.
他幾乎可以稱得上是我的父親。
eg. The work is, to all intents and purposes, finished.
那項工作實際上已經完成了。
3. in line with
（與…）一致；（與…）相符；
eg. The session was closed to the press in line with an earlier decision.
按照先前的決定，會議不對新聞界公開。
eg. We're trying very hard to keep our prices in line with.
我們盡力使我們的價格與顧客的期望值相一致。