這些你從小就聽的童話故事背後的故事你都知道嗎？
You may think you know the story of Rapunzel, but did you know that she's partly based on martyr Saint Barbara? Or that the Beast of "Beauty and the Beast" actually existed?
你可能認爲自己很清楚長髮公主的故事，但是你知道長髮公主的故事其實是改編自殉道者聖·芭芭拉的故事嗎？又或者你知道“美女與野獸”的故事是真實存在的嗎？
These six beloved fairy tales and nursery rhymes all have something in common: Their roots come from real people, places, and objects.
這六個很受喜愛的童話故事以及童謠都有一個共同點：它們的來源都是真實的人、地點還有物品。
1 The story of "Beauty and the Beast" was probably based on the tragic life of Petrus Gonsalvus.
“美女與野獸”的故事很有可能是基於彼得勒斯·岡薩烏斯的悲劇一生。
According to Refinery 29, in 1537 there was a young boy named Petrus Gonsalvus who was regularly called a beast. Reportedly, this was most likely because he had a case of hypertrichosis, a condition that causes a person to grow hair all over their body, often referred to as "werewolf syndrome."
根據Refinery 29提供的內容，在1537年，有一個叫彼得勒斯·岡薩烏斯的小男孩經常被稱作野獸。據報道，這很可能是因爲他患有一例多毛症，這種病症會導致一個人的整個身體上都長出頭髮，這種症狀通常被稱爲“狼人綜合症”。
Gonsalvus was just 10 years old when he was taken from his native country, Spain, and sent to the King of France to operate as a type of court jester. "King Henry decided to take on Gonsalvus as his little pet project," Refinery 29 wrote, "the king groomed Gonsalvus to be a nobleman."
彼得勒斯·岡薩烏斯從他的祖國西班牙被帶走時才10歲，他被送往法國王室擔任宮廷小丑。Refinery 29寫道：“亨利國王決定將岡薩烏斯當成他的小寵物，還將岡薩烏斯打扮成貴族的樣子。”
Eventually, King Henry's wife, Catherine de'Medici (who took over after the king died), found Gonsalvus a wife — coincidentally another woman named Catherine. Though it took some getting used to, the beauty fell in love with "the beast." They were married for 40 years and had seven kids together, four of which also had hypertrichosis.
最終，亨利國王的妻子凱瑟琳·德美第奇（國王去世後接任國王的位置）給岡薩烏斯找了一位妻子——恰巧是另一個名叫凱瑟琳的女人。儘管花了一些時間來適應，但這位美女還是愛上了“野獸”。他們結婚40年，並一起育有七個孩子，其中四個也患有多毛症。
2 There are theories that Snow White is based on one of two real women: Margaretha von Waldeck or Maria Sophia Margaretha Catherina von Erthal
有理論稱白雪公主的故事的原型是兩個真實存在的女人中的一個：瑪佳麗塔（Margaretha von Waldeck）或者瑪麗亞（Maria Sophia Margaretha Catherina von Erthal）
According to Mental Floss, von Waldeck lived in the German town of Waldeck (of course) during the mid-1500s. When she was 17, she left her father's home, perhaps due to friction with her new stepmother, and moved to Brussels. There, she attracted the eye of Spain's king, Philip II.
根據Mental Floss的說法，瑪佳麗塔大約在1500年代中期住在德國小鎮瓦爾德克（Waldeck）。她17歲那年，可能是由於與新繼母的摩擦而離開了父親的家，並搬到了布魯塞爾。在那裏，她吸引了西班牙國王菲利普二世的注意。
Soon thereafter she fell ill, and many believe she was poisoned, as the couple had their fair share of detractors who believed that marrying a coalminer's daughter was beneath a king. Unfortunately, there was no true love's kiss to cure her, and she died at 21.
此後不久，她病倒了，許多人認爲她中毒了，因爲針對這對夫妻，有相當多的貶低者認爲，娶給一個煤礦工人的女兒讓國王身份下降。不幸的是，沒有真正的愛之吻可以治癒她，她於21歲時去世。
The other potential inspiration? Deep breath: Maria Sophia Margaretha Catherina von Erthal. The young woman also lived in Germany, according to the Independent, in a town called Lohr am Main. Born in 1729, she was the daughter of Prince Philipp Christoph von Erthal, whom she lived in a castle with. Turns out, her father owned a mirror factory.
白雪公主的故事還有沒有其他的原型？也有可能是瑪麗亞·索菲婭·瑪格麗特·凱瑟琳娜·馮·埃塔爾。據《獨立報》報道，這名年輕女子也住在德國，是住在一個名爲美因河畔洛爾的小鎮。 她生於1729年，是菲利普·克里斯托弗·馮·埃塔爾王子（Philipp Christoph von Erthal）的女兒，他們一起住在一座城堡中。原來，她父親擁有一家鏡子工廠。
In fact, the castle they lived in is now open to the public as a museum, and inside one of the rooms is a "talking mirror," aka a toy that the prince gave to his second wife: the young baroness' stepmother, whom she is said to have had a rocky relationship with.
實際上，他們住的城堡現在作爲博物館向公衆開放，其中一個房間裏就有一面“會說話的鏡子”，是王子送給第二任妻子的玩具。這個第二任妻子是這位年輕的男爵之女的繼母，據說他們二人之間的關係並不好。
3 While the Pied Piper may not have been real, scholars generally agree that something in the German town of Hamelin happened that may have inspired the tale.
儘管“吹笛人”可能不是真實存在的，但學者們普遍認爲，在德國小鎮哈默林發生的某些事情可能給這個故事提供了靈感。
According to the fairytale, in 1284, the German town of Hamelin was experiencing a rat infestation, and thus hired a man to take care of it, the Pied Piper. However, the town double-crossed him and refused to pay him, so in retaliation he played his pipe and kidnapped all the kids in town, never to be seen again.
在《吹笛人》這個童話故事裏，1284年，德國小鎮哈默林受到老鼠的侵擾，因此鎮上的人僱了一個人來解決鼠患，這個人就是吹笛人（Pied Piper）。但是，鎮上的人欺騙了他，拒絕付給他錢，因此，爲了報復，他吹起了他的笛子，綁架了鎮上的所有孩子，這些孩子從此消失了。
The first instance of this story is said to have been on a now-destroyed stained glass window from around 1300 AD. The oldest written account that survived simply states that "In the year of 1284, on the day of Saints John and Paul on June 26, by a piper, clothed in many kinds of colours, 130 children born in Hamelin were seduced, and lost at the place of execution near the koppen."
據說這個故事的第一個實例是記錄在公元1300年左右被摧毀的彩色玻璃窗上。留存下來的最古老的書面記載只是說：“在1284年的6月26日，聖約翰和保羅節那天，吹笛者穿着有很多顏色的衣服，誘引了130個出生在哈默林的孩子，他們就在koppen附近的行刑地點迷失了方向。”
Clearly, the story has changed and evolved over time, but there are a few theories that try to explain what actually happened. Some think the kids died of the plague, and that the Pied Piper was the personification of death, others that the kids were sent away by their parents due to their extreme poverty, while others again posit that the children were part of the "Children's Crusade," a doomed, child-led mission aimed at converting Muslims in the Holy Land to Christianity.
顯然，這個故事隨着時間的流逝發生了變化和演變，但是有一些理論試圖解釋到底實際上發生了什麼。一些人認爲孩子死於瘟疫，而吹笛者是死亡的化身，其他人則認爲孩子是由於極端貧困而被父母送走的，而另一些人則認爲這些失蹤的孩子是“兒童十字軍東征”的一部分，“兒童十字軍東征”是一場註定要失敗的、由兒童主導的任務，旨在使聖地的穆斯林信奉基督教。
As Mental Floss wrote, "nearly all of the theorists seem to agree that the Pied Piper and his rat-whispering abilities were the personification of a force that those left behind in Hamelin could not control."
正如Mental Floss所寫，“幾乎所有的理論家似乎都同意，吹笛人和他與老鼠竊竊私語的能力是留在哈默林的人所無法控制的力量的人格化。”
4 "Frozen" is loosely based on the Hans Christian Andersen story of "The Snow Queen," and Elsa's icy powers can be traced back to Swedish opera singer Jenny Lind.
《冰雪奇緣》大致上是基於漢斯·克里斯蒂安·安德森（Hans Christian Andersen）的《雪之女王》（The Snow Queen）這一故事，而艾爾莎（Elsa）的冰冷力量可以追溯到瑞典歌劇歌手詹妮·林德（Jenny Lind）身上。
"Frozen" is loosely based on the Hans Christian Andersen story of "The Snow Queen." The main similarity? There's a queen with winter/snow/ice powers.
《冰雪奇緣》是根據漢斯·克里斯蒂安·安德森的故事《雪之女王》（The Snow Queen）製作的。這兩個故事的主要相似之處在哪裏呢？故事裏都有一個和冬天/雪/冰有關係的女王。
But the fairy tale might not have just dropped into Andersen's imagination. Rumor has it, the acclaimed Swedish opera singer Jenny Lind was the inspiration for the titular queen. Allegedly, after Lind rejected Andersen's romantic pursuits, he turned her into the Snow Queen, a woman with a heart made of ice.
但是這個童話故事可能不僅僅落入了安徒生的想象中。有傳言稱，瑞典歌劇歌手詹妮·林德（Jenny Lind）是這位女王的靈感來源。據說，在林德（Lind）拒絕安徒生的浪漫追求之後，他把她變成了雪皇后（Snow Queen），一個有着冰做的心的女人。
5 The story of "Rapunzel" is based on the tragic life of Saint Barbara, who is thought to have lived in the third century.
《長髮公主》的故事是根據被認爲生活在三世紀的聖巴巴拉的悲慘生活而寫的
The true story of Rapunzel is thought to be about a young woman in Italy named Barbara who was so beautiful that her father locked her away in a tower so no men could get to her. Though many asked for her hand in marriage, Barbara dedicated herself to God and a newfound Christian faith, and refused them all.
人們認爲長髮公主的真實故事是關於意大利的一個年輕女子，她名叫芭芭拉（Barbara）。她是如此美麗，以至於父親將她鎖在塔樓中，這樣就沒有人能找到她。儘管許多人想和她結婚，但芭芭拉全心全意地獻身於上帝和她新發現的基督教信仰，並拒絕了所有人。
Her father, however, was a pagan, and not pleased about her Christianity. The story goes that when she prayed for help when he drew his sword on her, God created a hole in the tower for her to escape. Unfortunately, she was soon discovered, and eventually beheaded by her father — who was then struck by lightning.
然而，她的父親是一個異教徒，對她的基督教信仰並不滿意。傳說中，當她父親拔劍對着她的時候，她祈禱能夠獲得幫助，於是上帝在塔上開了一個洞供她逃脫。不幸的是，她很快被發現，並最終被她的父親斬首，而她的父親隨後被閃電擊中。
5 Little Jack Horner, who stars in a nursery rhyme, was a real steward to the Abbot of Glastonbury in the 1500s.
童謠中很出名的小杰克·霍納，原型是真實的16世紀初格拉斯頓伯裏修道院院長的管家。
In the nursery rhyme, a little boy named Jack finds a plum inside a Christmas pie. Metaphorically speaking, it's about opportunism and greed — but some historians believe it originally had a much more literal meaning.
在童謠中，一個名叫傑克的小男孩在聖誕節派裏發現了一個梅子。如果從隱喻的角度來講，這個故事與機會主義和貪婪有關，但是一些歷史學家認爲，這個故事本來就具有更多的字面意義。
According to NPR, "Jack" Horner was actually Thomas Horner, a steward to the Abbot of Glastonbury. At the time, King Henry VIII was taking property from the church for himself, so Horner was sent to bribe the king with deeds to other plots of land, so the church could keep their own land. And where were these deeds? Baked inside a pie, to conceal them (that said, the pie could have simply been a metaphor for concealment, not an actual pie).
根據NPR的說法，“傑克”·霍納實際上是托馬斯·霍納。這位托馬斯·霍納是格拉斯頓伯裏修道院院長的管家。當時，亨利八世國王從教堂奪走了財產據爲己有，所以霍納被派去以其他土地的契約賄賂國王，以使教堂能夠保留自己的土地。這些契約在哪裏呢？它們被放在餡餅內部再烘焙，以把這些契約隱藏起來（也就是說，餡餅可能只是“隱藏”這一行爲的隱喻，而不是實際的餡餅）。
Apparently, Horner decided to take a deed for himself, sticking his thumb into the pie to grab one for Mells Manor, a home in Somerset. The Horners went on to live there for hundreds of years.
顯然，霍納決定從這些契約裏給自己也拿一個，所以他將拇指伸進餡餅中，拿出了一份薩默塞特郡的梅爾斯莊園的契約。他的族人在那裏住了數百年。
