中英雙語話歷史 第65期:安史之亂和唐朝的衰敗
In the late stage of his reign, Tang Xuanzong paid no attention to state affairs, so the government decayed, treacherous court officials were in power, and thus instigated the “An-and-Shi Rebellion” in 755.
An Lushan born of mixed Hu people in Yingzhou, because that he cruelly suppressed the Xi and Khitan people, he got Tang Xuanzong appreciation and was appointed the governor of Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong.
安祿山出身於營州雜胡。他因爲殘酷地鎮壓奚、契丹人，得到了唐玄宗的賞識，先後出任平盧、范陽、河東三鎮節度使。An Lushan, engaged in national plunder wars for long, had been to Chang^n, the capital for many times. And by attending royal and official activities, he knew the corrupted and weak government like the palm of his hand, so he stored up the disloyalty of rising in revolt to overthrow the Tang Dynasty.
長期從事民族掠奪戰爭的安祿山野心極大，他多次到長安，在宮廷和官場活動中，對唐政府腐敗、虛弱的情況瞭解得很清楚，蓄下了起兵滅唐的異志。
Shi Siming, An^ cohort, was also born of mixed Hu people.
安祿山的同夥史思明，也是雜胡出身。He went to Chang’an to report to the throne，thus gained the favor of Xuan-zong who gave the name “Siming” to him.
他到長安奏事，博得了玄宗的喜歡，賜名爲思明。Before An’s rebellion，Shi was official of Pinglu military forces.
在安祿山叛亂以前，史思明官至平盧兵馬使。In 755，by the name of “ sending armed forces to suppress Yang Guozhong on imperial’s secret order”，they rose in revolt in Fanyang. Leading 150 000 soldiers of Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong, they started from Fan yang and moved towards south to attack the Tang Dynasty.
史思明、安祿山於公元755年（天寶十四年）冬以奉密旨討楊國忠爲名，在范陽起兵，率平盧、范陽、河東三鎮兵15萬人，南下攻唐。Tang Xuanzong who never called to mind that An Lushan would betray him made nothing in preparation.
唐玄宗沒有想到安祿山會叛亂，所以在軍事上毫無準備。The newly recruited soldiers were unable to keep out An，s powerful force, so An bridged Huanghe，defeated the Tang armies in succession, captured Chenliu(present Chenliu in Kaifeng Prefecture, Henan), Xingyang(present Xingyang, Henan), and Luoyang, till closed in on Tongguan Pass.
唐朝新招來的士兵抵擋不住安祿山的勁旅，安祿山渡過黃河後，連敗唐軍,一路攻陷陳留（現河南開封地區陳留）、滎陽（河南滎陽）、洛陽，直抵潼關。In 756, An Lushan kinged himself the Emperor of Great Yan.
公元756年（至德元年），安祿山在洛陽稱大燕皇帝。Emperor Tang Daizong assembled military forces from all directions, and borrowed some armies from Huihu nationality. These military forces led by Li Shi (Daizong’s son) and Pugu Huai’en reoccupied Luoyang, Heyang，Zhengzhou, Bianzhou and other places.
代宗調集各路兵馬，又向回乞借到一部分軍隊，以其子李適爲天下兵馬元帥，僕固懷恩爲副元帥，率軍收復了洛陽、河陽、鄭州、汴州等失地。In 763，the 7-year “An and Shi Rebellion” came to an end.
公元763年(廣德元年)初，歷時七年多的安史之亂至此結束。Henceforward, the Tang Dynasty began to decline.
自此，唐朝衰落下去。Agriculture was seriously destroyed，then vassal states set up separatist regimes by force，eunuchs grabbed all the powers, parties contended for power and profits, the political situation of Tang was in great turmoil.
安史之亂使農業生產受到極大破壞，接着又有藩鎮割據、宦官專權和朋黨之爭，使唐朝政局更爲混亂。The economy also suffered heavy losses, most tillable fields were annexed, and the farmers were compelled to escape all around. All of these advent situation invited farmers’ revolts.
經濟也遭到了極大的破壞，土地兼併十分嚴重,農民四處逃亡。In 876，the farmers’ uprising led by Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao broke out.
公元876年，導致了王仙芝、黃巢領導的唐末農民大起義。It was defeated in 884, however, the Tang Dynasty also collapsed out.
起義在884年失敗,但唐王朝亦由此瓦解。In 904, Zhu Wen moved the capital to Luoyang, and three years later, he disthroned Emperor Tang Aidi, established Post-Liang Dynasty, thus the Tang Dynasty came to an end.
天佑元年(904),朱溫遷唐都於洛陽。至四年，朱溫廢哀帝，建立後梁，大唐滅亡。
