中英雙語話歷史 第26期:秦朝(鎮壓反動勢力)

Despite all great jobs he did, Qin Shi Huang ruled as a ruthless tyrant.

儘管秦始皇有許多創舉，但他卻是個暴君。

To prevent future uprisings, Qin Shi Huang ordered to confiscate weapons, to destroy the city walls and military fortifications and to move the old nobles and magnates of the six states to Xianyang, Nanyang and Bashu so as to weaken their political and economic influence.

爲了防範暴亂,秦始皇下令收繳散落在民間的兵器,拆毀各地的城牆和防禦工事，遷徙各國的舊貴族和豪富到咸陽及南陽、巴蜀等地，以削弱他們的政治、經濟勢力。

To facilitate the movement of troops and the transportation of army provisions, the First Emperor ordered to build highways.

秦始皇爲了方便調撥士卒和轉運糧餉，又大修馳道。

Meanwhile, the Lingqu Canal was dug, which linked the Yangtze River and the Zhujiang River together.

同時開鑿靈渠，溝通了長江和珠江水系。

Burning books and burying scholars alive were brutal suppression in ideological field with which the First Emperor repressed the dissenting ones, and exercised autocratic control over thinking and culture.

“焚書坑儒”事件則是秦始皇在意識形態領域內對不同政見士人的殘酷鎮壓，是對思想文化的專制統治。

In 213 B. C. , at a court banquet, Chun Yuyue proposed to follow the conventions of fief system and granted titles and ands to the heroes and nobles.

公元前213年，秦始皇在咸陽宮舉行宴會，博士齊人淳于越倡議，主張學古法，分封皇子功臣爲諸侯。

Li Si, the Prime Minister held that these scholars were dangerous, so suggested that all historical records except those written by Qin historians be burned ； that the Books of Odes and Book of History and works by scholars of different schools except those stored by officials be handed in to the local authorities for burning； that anyone discussing these two particular books be executed； that those using ancient examples to criticize contemporary politics be put to death and their families killed ； that those who had not burned the listed books within 30 days be sentenced to four yearsJ service ； that books about medicine, divination, agriculture be preserved.

丞相李斯認爲這樣一羣儒生是一種危險勢力，於是提出了焚書的建議:“史官非秦記皆燒之。非博士官所職，天下敢有藏《詩》、《書》、百家語者，悉詣守、尉雜燒之。有敢偶語《詩》、《書》者棄市。以古 非今者誅。吏見知不舉者與同罪。令下三十日不燒，黥爲城旦。所不去者，醫藥卜 筮種樹之書。”

The First Emperor accepted all these proposals ,and then the event of burning books occurred.

秦始皇接受了這一建議，於是就發生了焚書事件。

In the second year of burning books, the event of burying scholars alive underwent.

第二年，又發生了坑儒事件。

Dissatisfied with the First Emperor, some Confucian scholars and alchemists criticized him.

起因是由於有些儒生和方士對秦始皇不滿。

The First Emperor sent inspectors to investigate, then arrested over 460 people and finally had all of them buried alive in Xianyang.

秦始皇派御史偵察，先後逮捕了 460多個儒生，全部在咸陽坑殺。

By these means, the First Emperor gave a heavy blow on the aristocratic splittism, but wrecked the culture severely at the same time, causing enormous losses in the conservation of ancient documents and impartment of learning.

秦始皇以焚書坑儒的手段打擊了貴族政治的分裂思想，同時卻嚴重摧殘了文化,對於古文獻的保存和學術的傳授，造成了極大的損失。

All the practice made by the First Emperor were in line with the legalists, and many of his such behaviors had demonstrated it.

秦始皇施政定製根本上是以法家思想爲依據。焚書坑儒以及“以法爲教”，“以吏爲師”等，更突出地反映了他的法家思想。