雙語科技百科(工程建築) 第83期:圓明園
Yuan Ming Yuan
Yuan Ming 'Yuan, located on the western outskirts of Beijing, is adjacentto the Summer Palace. First built in the 46th year of the reign of Emperor Kongxi ( 1707) , it is composed of three gardens, i. e. Yuanmingyuan, Changchunyuan and Qichunyuan, with an area of 350 hectares, including a water area of 140 hectares. It has over one hundred landscape gardens, with a total building area of over 160,000 square meters. It was a large imperial garden built and managed by the emperors of the Gting Dynasty over 150 years. It inherited the excellent gardening traditions of over three thousand years in China and integrated the garden architecture of different styles, as can be reflected by the fact that it had the splendour and grandeur of the imperial structures and the serenity and gracefulness of gardens in the waterside towns in South China, and assimilated some elements from the European garden architecture. Yuan Ming Yuan used to be well-known in the world for its vast land scale, remarkable building techniques, elegant architectural groups, abundant cultural collections and profound national cultural connotations. It was reputated as "model of all gardening arts" and "Garden of Gardens". Unfortunately, this world-known garden was sacked and burned to the ground by the Anglo-French forces in October, 1860 and was later plundered and looted for many times. Consequently, the grand garden fell into ruins. Now, with the relics as the theme, Yuan Ming Yuan has formed a unique tourist scenery in combination with the history and vigorous atmosphere of the garden, having an important political and historical value as well as being a rare tourist resort.
圓明園坐落在北京西郊，與頤和園緊相毗鄰。它始建於康熙四十六年(1707)，由圓明、長春、綺春三園組成。佔地350公頃（5200餘畝），其中水面面積約140公頃（2100畝），有園林風景百餘處，建築面積逾16萬平方米，是清朝帝王在150餘年間創建和經營的一座大型皇家宮苑。它繼承了中國3000多年的優秀造園傳統，既有宮廷建築的雍容華貴，又有江南水鄉園林的委婉多姿，同時，又吸取了歐洲的園林建築形式，把不同風格的園林建築融爲一體，圓明園曾以其宏大的地域規模、傑出的營造技藝、精美的建築景羣、豐富的文化收藏和博大精深的民族文化內涵而享譽於世，被譽爲“一切造園藝術的典範”和“萬園之園”。不幸的是，這一世界名園於1860年10月慘遭英法聯軍野蠻的劫掠焚燬，以後又經歷了無數次毀滅和劫掠，這一恢弘的名園最終淪爲一片廢墟。如今的圓明園遺址公園，以遺址爲主題，形成了凝固的歷史與充滿蓬勃生機的園林氣氛相結合的獨特的旅遊景觀，既具有重大的政治歷史價值，又是一處難得的旅遊勝地。
