令人難以置信的十大畸形病例(下)

rnumerary Nipples

5.多乳頭畸形

When more than two nipples grow on a body, the condition is known medically as polythelia. Extra nipples typically form along the milk lines, which run from the upper torso to the groin area. Cases have been recorded in which supernumerary nipples appear elsewhere on the body, though. Other places they may occur include the thighs, face, and neck.

醫學上將有兩個以上乳頭的情況稱爲多乳頭病症。多餘的乳頭一般會沿着乳線生長，即從腋下到腹溝股的部分。但是曾經也有乳頭生長在大腿、脖頸甚至臉部的例子。

Regardless of where these abnormalities pop up, they are physically harmless. Underdeveloped nipples are often mistaken for moles, so removal is typically done for cosmetic reasons. Celebrities such as Mark Wahlberg have famously accepted and embraced their third nipples. Harry Stiles of the band One Direction admitted to having four altogether. However, not everyone shows their supernumerary nipples so much love. Carrie Underwood had hers removed, which she admitted at her American Idol audition. This particular deformity is relatively common, affecting 1–6 percent of the American population. You may well know somebody who has an extra nipple of their own.

不管多餘的乳頭長在身體的哪個部位，它們都不會對患者造成實質傷害。未發育完全的乳頭常被誤認爲是肉痣，因此乳頭切除手術也僅是出於美容考慮。有很多名人（比如馬克·沃爾伯格）都坦然接受了他們的第三個乳頭，"單向組合"樂隊裏的哈利·斯泰爾斯也曾承認說有四個乳頭。但並不是所有人都對他們多出來的乳頭喜愛不已，歌手凱莉·安德伍德就曾在《美國偶像》欄目上承認說，她去除了自己身上多餘的乳頭。這種畸形病症相對來說比較常見，佔美國人口的1-6％，你身邊很有可能就有這樣的人。

ofibromas

4.神經纖維瘤

Those with neurofibromatosis have tumors ("neurofibromas") on their nerves or under the skin. The tumors can often be removed. Even when they can't be excised, they're benign and won't cause physical harm in the majority of cases.

神經纖維瘤通常指的是皮膚神經纖維瘤或是皮下叢狀神經纖維瘤，一般可以通過手術切除。神經纖維瘤屬於良性纖維瘤，即使不能手術切除，大多數情況下也不會對患者造成身體傷害。

Of the two types of neurofibromatosis, Recklinghausen disease is the most common. It can be, and often is, inherited. Parents with Recklinghausen have a 50-percent chance of passing it on to their children. If there is no family history of the disease in a Recklinghausen patient, the condition is caused by a genetic mutation at conception. Cases of this disease range from mild to severe to debilitating. The bulbous lumps can absolutely blanket skin in more extreme cases.

在神經纖維瘤的兩種類型中，雷克林豪森病(最爲常見，並且一般都是家族遺傳，患者子女中約半數會發病。如果該病患者沒有家族病史，那極有可能是受孕期間的基因突變所造成。患者病情有時會惡化加劇，身體逐漸虛弱衰竭。更有甚者，這些球狀腫塊可能會長滿皮膚，完全不留間隙。

Caudal Appendage

3.尾部附肢

A caudal appendage is a human tail, which is not like an animal tail. Human tails don't help people balance better or swat away flies. In some cases, they're symptomatic of much more serious conditions, such as spina bifida.

尾部附肢指的是人類的"尾巴"，它不同於動物的尾巴，既不能幫助人類保持身體平衡，又不能拍走蒼蠅。甚至有時候，它還是一些疾病的預兆，比如脊柱裂。

All humans have a spinal protrusion in the womb. It's typically absorbed in utero, but not all fetuses develop predictably. When a caudal appendage is not absorbed, the child ends up with a tail. It consists of fat, muscle, nerves, and blood vessels without any bone or cartilage. Fewer than 40 cases of this medical rarity have been recorded. It affects males twice as often as it affects females. A caudal appendage may be removed if surgery is deemed safe.

所有的人類在母親子宮裏時都曾有過一條"尾巴"，隨着胚胎的不斷髮育，"尾巴"也逐漸消失，但並不是所有的胎兒都能按我們所預想的方向發展，一些未發育完全的胎兒還保留着人類"尾巴"。這條"尾巴"上面有脂肪、肌肉、神經和血管，但卻沒有骨頭和軟骨。目前記錄在案的這類罕見病例不上於40起，且男性患者是女性患者的兩倍。這種尾部附肢可以通過手術切除。

mastia

2.多乳房畸形

When an unexpected breast grows on the human body, the condition is called polymastia. Extra breasts tend to appear in the same place supernumerary nipples grow: the milk line, which runs down the torso and to the groin. They can, however, also appear on the buttocks, the back, the hip, or even the face.

多乳房是指有多個發育完全的副乳腺。多乳房和前文所提到的多乳頭生長在同一位置，即腋窩至腹股溝的乳線上。然而，它們也有可能長在臀部、背部、大腿甚至面頰上。

Accessory breasts contain the same tissue as typical breasts. This means that a third breast can harbor a malignant tumor and threaten the patient's life. It's also possible for third breasts to feature nipples and lactate, though it's not guaranteed. These are simply possibilities that come with all breasts, wherever they happen to grow. Polymastia is an anomaly of nature that extends beyond the human species. A few primates have been diagnosed with this condition. It's rarer in the animal kingdom, but science has confirmed there's such a thing as a three-breasted monkey.

副乳房的腺體組織和正常乳房一樣，這就意味着副乳房也可以"孕育"惡性腫瘤，威脅病人的生命。有些副乳上還會有乳頭，能夠分泌乳汁，儘管這樣的情況並不多見，但並不能排除這樣的可能性。多乳房畸形是人類的一種返祖現象。一些靈長類動物中也有多乳房畸形的出現。儘管這樣的情況在動物界中更爲罕見，但科學已經證實存在有三個乳房的猿猴。

rtrichosis

1.多毛症

Hypertrichosis is also known medically as Ambras syndrome and cheekily as "werewolf syndrome." Genetics cause people with hypertrichosis to have an excessive amount of hair, which may grow all over the body or only in concentrated areas. Ambras syndrome may also be acquired later in life—in relation to cancer, for example.

醫學上也將多毛症稱爲"阿姆布拉斯綜合徵"，俗稱"狼人綜合徵"。此病多是由先天遺傳所致，患者全身毛髮過剩，或是局部毛髮過剩。也有非遺傳性多毛症，但那通常是癌症的危險信號。

Fewer than 60 cases have ever been recorded, but this is not just a rarity for the history books. People with hypertrichosis live today. In 2010, Supatra "Nat" Sasuphan of Thailand earned a spot in the Guinness Book of World Records as the hairiest teenager. She's one of many who've made the best of especially unique physical traits. People can embrace and find success through their differences, especially when those oddities are strange enough to be seen as extraordinary.

目前發現的"狼人"患者不超過60人，醫學專家認爲，"狼人綜合徵"是一種罕見的返祖現象。現在仍有這樣的患者存在，泰國"多毛"女孩蘇帕塔·納特·薩蘇芬就曾在2010年獲得吉尼斯世界紀錄的認定，成爲世界上毛髮最多最長的人。世界上有很多人善於利用自己身體的"獨特"之處，而蘇帕塔正是其中之一。這一類人可能在身體上異於常人，但他們卻可以將這種"與衆不同"變成令人稱奇的長處，以此獲得成功。

翻譯:李念 來源:前十網