（雙語）《2016中國的航天》白皮書（6）

Manned spaceflight

發射“天舟一號”貨運飛船，與在軌運行的“天宮二號”空間實驗室進行交會對接，突破和掌握貨物運輸和補給等關鍵技術，爲空間站建造和運營積累經驗。

China plans to launch the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft to dock with the earth-orbiting Tiangong-2 space laboratory, and research and master key technologies for cargo transport and replenishment to accumulate experience in building and operating a space station.

完成空間站各艙段主要研製工作，開展空間站在軌組裝建造和運營。

We aim to complete the main research and development work on the space station modules, and start assembly and operation of the space station.

開展關鍵技術攻關和相關技術試驗驗證，提升載人航天能力，爲載人探索開發地月空間奠定基礎。

We strive to acquire key technologies and conduct experiments on such technologies to raise our manned spaceflight capacity, laying a foundation for exploring and developing cislunar space.

（四）深空探測

Deep-space exploration

繼續實施月球探測工程，突破探測器地外天體自動採樣返回技術。2017年年底，發射“嫦娥五號”月球探測器，實現區域軟着陸及採樣返回，全面實現月球探測工程“三步走”戰略目標。2018年前後，發射“嫦娥四號”月球探測器，實現人類探測器在月球背面首次軟着陸，開展原位和巡視探測，以及地月L2點中繼通信。通過月球探測工程的實施，開展月表形貌探測和地質勘察，對月球樣品進行實驗室研究；開展月球背面着陸區地質特徵探測與研究，以及低頻射電天文觀測與研究，深化對月球成因和演化的認知。

China will continue its lunar exploration project, and strive to attain the automated extraterrestrial sampling and returning technology by space explorers. We plan to fulfill the three strategic steps of “orbiting, landing and returning” for the lunar exploration project by launching the Chang’ e-5 lunar probe by the end of 2017 and realizing regional soft landing, sampling and return. We will launch the Chang’e-4 lunar probe around 2018 to achieve mankind’s first soft landing on the far side of the moon, and conduct in situ and roving detection and relay communications at earth-moon L2 point. Through the lunar exploration project, topographic and geological surveys will be implemented and laboratory research conducted on lunar samples; geological survey and research as well as low-frequency radio astronomy observation and research will be carried out targeting the landing area on the far side of the moon for a better understanding of the formation and evolution of the moon.

實施中國首次火星探測任務，突破火星環繞、着陸、巡視探測等關鍵技術。2020年發射首顆火星探測器，實施環繞和巡視聯合探測。開展火星採樣返回、小行星探測、木星系及行星穿越探測等的方案深化論證和關鍵技術攻關，適時啓動工程實施，研究太陽系起源與演化、地外生命信息探尋等重大科學問題。

China intends to execute its first Mars exploration operation, and grasp key technologies for orbiting, landing and roving exploration. It plans to launch the first Mars probe by 2020 to carry out orbiting and roving exploration. It will conduct further studies and key technological research on the bringing back of samples from Mars, asteroid exploration, exploration of the Jupiter system and planet fly-by exploration. When conditions allow, related projects will be implemented to conduct research into major scientific questions such as the origin and evolution of the solar system, and search for extraterrestrial life.

（五）航天新技術試驗

Experiments on new space technologies

開展新技術試驗驗證，爲航天發展提供技術支撐。

China is to perform experiments on new space technologies to provide solid technological support for its space industry.

研製發射“實踐十三號”、“實踐十七號”、“實踐十八號”、全球二氧化碳監測等技術試驗衛星，開展新型電推進、激光通信、新一代通信衛星公用平臺等關鍵技術試驗驗證。啓動空間飛行器在軌服務與維護系統建設，利用多種資源，開展新原理、新技術、新產品在軌試驗驗證。

China will develop and launch technology experiment satellites, including the Shijian-13, Shijian-17 and Shijian-18, and a global carbon dioxide monitoring satellite, and conduct experiments on key technologies for new electric propulsion, laser communications and common platforms of new-generation communications satellites. It plans to build in-orbit servicing and maintenance systems for spacecraft and make in-orbit experiments on new theories, technologies and products by tapping various resources.

（六）航天發射場

Space launch sites

完善現有航天發射場系統，統籌開展地面設施設備可靠性增長、適應性改造和信息化建設，增強發射場任務互補和備份能力，初步具備開展多樣化發射任務的能力。探索推進開放共享的航天發射場建設，形成分工合理、優勢互補、有機銜接、安全可靠的新型航天發射體系，持續提升發射場綜合能力和效益，滿足各類發射任務需求。

China will improve its existing space launch sites by raising the reliability and IT application level and conducting adaptive improvements to ground facilities and equipment, and increasing the complementarity of mission enforcement and backup capacities of space launch sites, equipping them with basic capacities to carry out various launch missions. It will explore and advance the building of space launch sites that are open to cooperation and sharing, form a new space launch system featuring rational division of work, mutual complementarity, smooth coordination, security and reliability. The integrated capacities and functions of space launch sites will be enhanced and exploited to meet various needs.

（七）航天測控

Space TT&C

完善現有航天測控系統，建設運行第二代中繼衛星系統，提高航天器測定軌精度，提升在軌航天器測控管理能力，加強測控資源綜合運用，提升航天測控資源運行使用效益，構建安全可靠、響應迅速、接入靈活、運行高效、服務廣泛的天地一體化航天測控體系。探索發展商業航天測控系統，創新服務模式，加強國際合作和測控聯網，構建開放共享的航天測控服務新格局。

China will enhance its existing space TT&C systems. It aims to build and operate a second-generation relay satellite system, raise the accuracy of the orbit determination process for spacecraft, improve its TT&C capabilities in managing in-orbit spacecraft, and strengthen integrated and efficient utilization of TT&C resources, to build a space-ground integrated TT&C network featuring security, reliability, quick response, flexible access, efficient operation and diverse services. It plans to explore the development of commercial TT&C systems, seek new service modes, and intensify international cooperation and networking in the field of TT&C, forming a new TT&C service pattern marked by openness and sharing.