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到底英語語法重要嗎

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英語要不要好好學語法,其實我的經驗告訴我,正確的語法學習是幫助我們更加了解句子結構的。好比我們平常說漢語,真的每句話都帶主謂賓的嗎?不一定吧?如何學好英語?小編在這裏整理了相關資料,快來學習學習吧!

到底英語語法重要嗎

英語語法重要嗎?

1. 【論語法重要否】

語法重要嗎?

一直以來都是值得爭議的話題.

背單詞的人很多,練習口語的比比皆是.

而研究語法的人,卻鮮少.

是因爲語法不重要嗎?

而答案當然是否定的~

堅實的語法是英語水平進階的充分必要條件.

但現實情況是,

不少人對語法學習並沒有一個清晰的概念,

甚至忽視語法學習~

有這樣的觀點不絕於耳:語法是不需要專門進行學習的. 我們只需要大量輸入,進行“浸泡式”學習,就會有“語感”,語法會自然內化,一切發生得如此和諧自然,毫不費力. 你看歐美國家的人沒有學習語法,不是也能說出寫出語法正確的句子嗎?

以上觀點其實存在兩個值得思考的問題:

1. 兒童學習母語和成年人學習外語是相同的概念嗎?

2. 歐美國家的學生真的不用學習語法嗎?

在語言學上有個子集原則(Subset Principle)可以用來解釋這一現象:

兒童在剛開始學習母語時經常會造出錯誤的語法結構, 比如 Who is her 這樣的句子. 但這種語法錯誤在成年人的語言裏是接觸不到的, 只接觸到結構正確的正面語料,而接觸不到錯誤的負面語料. 經過一段時間後,兒童就會自動放棄錯誤的結構,接受正確的結構.

語言學家對加拿大的沉浸式課堂進行研究之後發現: 外語學習者即使接觸了大量的語言輸入,仍然會犯很多語法錯誤,比如時態和單複數問題等. 這也就意味着,對於外語學習者來說,語法一定是要專門學習的,靠大量輸入培養起來的所謂“語感”往往並不靠譜.

2. 【語法不好會有什麼後果?】

語法不好對英語學習帶來的副作用是隱性和全方位的,它可能不會像聽力和閱讀表現得那麼明顯,但卻會制約聽說讀寫的全面提升.

拿閱讀舉例,不少人會碰到“每個單詞都認識但句子就是讀不懂”的情況,其實很大一部分原因就是語法不好. 如果比較結構沒學好,“ He can no more drive than I." 這個很簡單的句子可能都理解不了。

再比如:

is a gentleman, who never breaks his word.

is a gentleman who never breaks his word.

上面這兩個句子,你能讀出它們之間的區別嗎?

第一個句子的意思是“他是個君子,從不食言”; 第二個句子的意思則是“他是個從不食言的君子”。這就是限制性從句和非限制性從句的區別.

應該怎樣學語法?語法,並不只是紙面的規則,更不只是記憶法則.

它包含兩個方面:形式以及意義.

形式就是上文提到的語法規則,比如現在完成進行時應該用 have been doing,情態動詞後面應該用動詞原形. 但大部分語法書以及課堂教學都停留在這一點而沒有更多的延伸.

在熟悉語法規則的基礎上,更加重要的是掌握每個規則的含義,比如 will be doing 用來表示禮貌地詢問他人的計劃,這樣才能真正理解並使用它.

而單純看語法書或者上語法課,顯然是是不夠的. 這些最多能告訴你語法的規則,但每個規則背後的含義需要通過大量的閱讀來真正讀懂.

所以,學習語法的具體思路是:

閱讀語法書學習基本語法規則;

在閱讀中重現語法規則,

結合語境來理解規則的含義;

回顧語法規則,查缺補漏.

舉個小例

在小編接觸的學員中,大部分學生的英語學科優勢都是相當牢固,並且多數是在小學期間形成的。這和小學期間養成聽說讀寫練的好習慣是分不開的,當然和語法的關聯也是密切相關!

很多學生英語啓蒙較早,小四小五階段就已經學完了新概念,但是在小升初真題測試中卻無法獲得理想的成績。經過能力測評不難發現孩子們的語法點並不紮實,甚至一些初中的孩子對於6大詞性、4大基本時態也經常混淆不清, 以至於後續無論怎樣精講閱讀,哪怕上課認真聽,課後還是無法高效吸收,原因就在於語法基礎不紮實、無法較好地理解文章結構. 於是上再多的難度英語也無法真正地提升. 所以紮實的語法知識其重要性不言而喻。

一個關於語法的演講

You're telling a friend an amazing story, and you just get to the best part when suddenly he interrupts, "The alien and I," not "Me and the alien."

你正在給朋友講一個精彩的故事,剛講到最精彩的部分時,他突然打斷了你說: 應該是“外星人和我” 而不是“我和外星人"。

Most of us would probably be annoyed, but aside from the rude interruption, does your friend have a point? Was your sentence actually grammatically incorrect?

許多人都會對這種行爲感到反感,先拋開無禮的打斷不談,來想一下你朋友說的有道理嗎? 你說的這句話從語法上講 真的是錯的嗎?

And if he still understood it, why does it even matter? From the point of view of linguistics, grammar is a set of patterns for how words are put together to form phrases or clauses, whether spoken or in writing.

要是他依舊能理解你的意思,那麼這樣做又有什麼意義呢? 從語言學的角度來看,語法就是一系列規則,教你怎樣在口語和寫作中用單詞構成短語和句子。

Different languages have different patterns. In English, the subject normally comes first, followed by the verb, and then the object, while in Japanese and many other languages, the order is subject, object, verb.

不同的語言有着不同的規則。比如在英語中,主語通常放在最前面,謂語動詞跟在主語後面,賓語則放在最後,而在日語和其他許多語言中,順序卻變成了主語、賓語和謂語動詞。

Some scholars have tried to identify patterns common to all languages, but apart from some basic features, like having nouns or verbs, few of these so-called linguistic universals have been found.

一些學者嘗試找到適用於所有語言的規則,但是除了一些基本的屬性,比如所有語言都有名詞和動詞,所謂的語言上的共性幾乎是不存在的。

And while any language needs consistent patterns to function, the study of these patterns opens up an ongoing debate between two positions known as prescriptivism and descriptivism.

儘管所有語言都得按照一套固定的規則來,但有兩方觀點在這些規則的研究上始終爭論不休,即規定主義和描寫主義 。

Grossly simplified, prescriptivists think a given language should follow consistent rules, while descriptivists see variation and adaptation as a natural and necessary part of language. For much of history, the vast majority of language was spoken. But as people became more interconnected and writing gained importance, written language was standardized to allow broader communication and ensure that people in different parts of a realm could understand each other.

簡單來說,規定主義認爲一門既定的語言要遵循固定的規則,而描寫主義則認爲變化和調整是語言正常且必要的一部分。絕大多數語言在其大部分歷史時期中都是用於口頭的交流,不過隨着人們相互之間聯繫的增多,書寫的地位開始提升,於是書面語開始規範化以適用於更爲廣泛的交流,同時也確保了不同地方的人能夠理解這些語言所表達的意思。

In many languages, this standard form came to be considered the only proper one, despite being derived from just one of many spoken varieties, usually that of the people in power. Language purists worked to establish and propagate this standard by detailing a set of rules that reflected the established grammar of their times. And rules for written grammar were applied to spoken language, as well.

對於大多數語言而言,這一標準形式被認爲是唯一合適的,但實際上它卻是從衆多不同的口語形式中脫穎而出且通常情況下來自掌權的一方。通過將那個時代已有的一系列語法規則詳盡記錄下來,語言純粹主義者們開始建立並傳播這一標準。

Speech patterns that deviated from the written rules were considered corruptions, or signs of low social status, and many people who had grown up speaking in these ways were forced to adopt the standardized form.

書面語言所涉及的語法同樣也適用於口語,而那些偏離了書面語語法的口語則被認爲是錯誤的,或者是社會地位低下的表現。於是許多從小就按照這一規則說話的人,被迫開始接受標準的語法規則。

More recently, however, linguists have understood that speech is a separate phenomenon from writing with its own regularities and patterns. Most of us learn to speak at such an early age that we don't even remember it.

直到最近,語言學家才意識到口語和書面語完全是兩碼事。口語有它自己的規律性和模式,在我們還不能記事的時候,就開始學習說話了,那個時候更多是通過下意識的行爲來構建說話技能,而不是記住那些規則。

We form our spoken repertoire through unconscious habits, not memorized rules. And because speech also uses mood and intonation for meaning, its structure is often more flexible, adapting to the needs of speakers and listeners.

由於口語也會用到語氣和語調來傳達意思,所以它的結構更加地多樣化,會根據說話者和聽者的需求進行調整。

This could mean avoiding complex clauses that are hard to parse in real time, making changes to avoid awkward pronounciation, or removing sounds to make speech faster. The linguistic approach that tries to understand and map such differences without dictating correct ones is known as descriptivism. Rather than deciding how language should be used, it describes how people actually use it, and tracks the innovations they come up with in the process.

這就意味着在說話時應該避免一些難以理解的複雜句子,做出適當調整避免一些尷尬的發音,或是通過略讀讓語速加快。嘗試去理解和比對語法上的這些差異,卻不定義對錯的語言學方法被稱爲描寫主義,相比於決定該如何使用語言,描寫主義更傾向於敘述人們實際上是怎樣使用語言的,並追溯在這一過程中出現的一些新方法。

But while the debate between prescriptivism and descriptivism continues, the two are not mutually exclusive. At its best, prescriptivism is useful for informing people about the most common established patterns at a given point in time.

儘管描寫主義和規定主義之間的爭論會一直持續下去,但它們二者之間並不是互相排斥的。規定主義可以在某個特定的時間點,告訴人們最爲通用的確定模式 。

This is important, not only for formal contexts, but it also makes communication easier between non-native speakers from different backgrounds.

這一點不僅在正式場合很重要,也使得來自不同國家、不同背景的非母語人士交流起來更加容易。

Descriptivism, on the other hand, gives us insight into how our minds work and the instinctive ways in which we structure our view of the world.

另一方面,描寫主義會讓我們看到自己的想法如何運作,以及如何本能地構建自己的世界觀。

Ultimately, grammar is best thought of as a set of linguistic habits that are constantly being negotiated and reinvented by the entire group of language users.

從根本上說,語法頂多被認爲是一系列不斷被所有的語言使用者爭論和改造的語言習慣。

Like language itself, it's a wonderful and complex fabric woven through the contributions of speakers and listeners, writers and readers, prescriptivists and descriptivists, from both near and far.

就像語言本身,像一匹精美複雜的布,經由從古至今的說話者和聽衆、作者和讀者、規定主義者和描寫主義者們的共同努力編織而成 。