你健康嗎？醫生告訴你指甲揭示健康的祕密
What Doctors Can Tell About Your Health Just By Looking At Your Nails
僅看一眼你的指甲，醫生會知道你的什麼健康狀況呢？
When most of us look at our hands, we might notice that we need to trim, clean, or stop biting our fingernails, and that's about it.
大多數人在看自己的手時，可能會注意到我們得剪指甲了、我們得洗手了、我們不能再咬指甲了，我們普通人知道的差不多就是這些了。
But if you ask a dermatologist, they can see a whole lot more.
但如果讓皮膚科醫生看，他們會看出更多。
Everything from poor diet and stress to serious kidney problems can be revealed by a glance at your fingernails.
小至不良的飲食習慣和個人壓力，大至嚴重的腎臟問題，醫生一眼就可從指甲中看出端倪。
There are about 30 different nail signs that can be associated with medical issues, though many may indicate more than one problem, according to Dr. Amy Derick, a clinical instructor of dermatology at Northwestern University.
美國西北大學的皮膚科臨牀講師艾米·德里克指出，指甲上的30種不同症狀可能與疾病有關，而許多症狀代表的還不只是一種疾病。
Here are eight of the things a doctor can tell about your health based on your fingernails.
根據你的指甲，醫生可對你的健康狀況作出一些判斷，以下是其中的八種：
1、People with emphysema and other lung problems frequently develop what's known as "clubbed" nails, according to Derick. When this happens, the fingertips become rounder and the curve of the nail changes, developing a steeper up and down pitch.
德里克指出，患有肺氣腫等肺部疾病的人常會形成所謂的“棒狀”指甲。棒狀指甲就是指尖變圓，指甲蓋弧度變大。
2、Small little pits or indentations can be a sign of Arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or eczema, according to Dr. Doris Day, a professor of dermatology at New York University. Arthritis affects the joints and can be related to psoriasis, which, like eczema, affects the skin.
指甲上的小凹痕是患上關節炎，銀屑病性關節炎或溼疹的先兆。紐約大學的皮膚病專家桃瑞絲·戴博士指出，關節炎會損害關節並可能引發像牛皮癬、溼疹這樣的皮膚病。
3、People who aren't eating well and have vitamin or dietary deficiencies may have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break, according to Day.
戴博士認爲，飲食不健康，缺乏維生素或飲食不規律的人的指甲可能比一般人的指甲薄，更容易斷裂。
4、Horizontal lines, also known as Beau's lines, are associated with serious physical stress. They look like an indented line across the nail, and frequently occur in people who have gone through chemotherapy, according to Day. They can also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment. Interestingly, there may be an altitude connection too. They've also been found in people who dove 1000 feet and others who participated in an Everest expedition.
指甲上的橫紋，也叫博氏線，預示着嚴重的身體壓力。戴博士指出，它們橫貫指甲，呈鋸齒狀的橫紋狀，常見於正在接受化療的人的指甲上。一些疾病、傷病初愈，或嚴重營養不良的人亦會出現此狀。有趣的是，這也可能與海拔高度的變化有關。潛水1000英尺以上或去珠峯探險過的人的指甲也會如此。5、Vertical lines, however, are generally not such a big deal. Some people are more genetically prone to them than others, but they're commonly associated with aging. Occasionally they may appear in malnourished people.
然而出現縱線卻不是大問題。一些人更容易因遺傳而獲得這種症狀，但是這種症狀多與衰老相關。營養不良的人偶爾也會有這種症狀出現。
6、When people are iron-deficient, their nails can turn spoon-like, according to Derick. Instead of curving down and covering the finger normally, they'll start to rise up on the sides and front, going from the normal convex shape to a more concave shape, like the part of a spoon that holds liquid.
德里克指出，缺鐵的人，指甲會變得像勺子。與正常指甲向下包住指尖的形狀不同，缺鐵的人指甲前端和兩側會向上翹起，形成凹面，就像能盛水的勺子前端。
7、Kidney and liver problems can create "half-and-half nails," where one part of the nail is white and the other part dark or pink, according to Derick. Kidney and liver problems frequently cause discoloration that shows up in nails and skin.
德里克指出，腎病和肝病會引起“對半兩色甲”，指甲的顏色一半白，一半粉色或黯淡無光。腎病和肝病常會引起指甲和皮膚變色。
8、A nail that lifts up out of the nail bed can also indicate kidney or thyroid issues, says Derick. Many thyroid problems and autoimmune diseases like Graves or lupus create complications that dermatologists notice while examining patients.
德里克還說，指甲從甲牀上脫出說明人體患有腎病或甲狀腺疾病。皮膚科醫生在爲病人檢查時發現，許多甲狀腺疾病和自身免疫病（如格雷夫斯病或紅斑狼瘡）都伴隨此類症狀。
Doctors note that because disease diagnosis is complex and some symptoms can be associated with different diseases, you should always see a medical professional if you are concerned about something you notice.
醫生指出，由於疾病診斷複雜，且一些症狀可能表徵着不同的疾病，如果你很在意自身存有的一些症狀，還是看看專業醫師吧。
