可以怪罪基因的十件事(上)

How many times has it happened that you have been unable to give up the temptation to smoke, gotten drunk at just the second shot of vodka or just not able to wake in the morning for that jog you always planned on taking! It turns out some of those traits might actually not be your fault. Genes are responsible for certain physical attributes such as the color of your hair and eyes, the shape of your nose and whether or not you have dimples, but also certain behavioral traits are hereditary and not environment related so but the next time someone points out your flaws you can blame them on your genes. Here are the top 10 things you could blame your genes for:

想想這樣的事情在你身上發生過多少次了：戒不掉的煙癮，明明不勝酒力卻偏要喝酒，打算早起晨跑卻總是睡懶覺。實際上，這可能不是你的錯。很多外在特徵都源於基因的影響，比如你頭髮和眼睛的顏色、鼻子的形狀、是否有酒窩，不僅如此，很多特定的內在行爲特徵也受遺傳影響，與環境因素倒沒多大關係。所以下次如果有人指出你的缺點，你大可以將其歸咎於基因。下面是10件可以怪罪於基因的事：

y Onset Myopia (Childhood Nearsightedness)

10.早發性近視（兒童近視）

Myopia or nearsightedness causes the eyes to see nearby objects clearly but far away objects out of if you have been saddled with glasses since you were young, it is likely that this tendency is higher if one or both of your parents are myopic as well. Hence genetic factors apart from environmental factors such as stress influence myopia. Multiple family studies report a relationship between myopia in parents to myopia in their children. Furthermore, children with a family history of myopia have, on eye exam,revealed changes within the structures of the eye that increase their probability of developing myopia which leads to the conclusion that our genetic make up indeed is responsible for eye growth. The next time your mom berates you for watching too much television and ruining your eyes, you can bargain for more time with the argument that you have a greater probability of that happening due to heredity!

近視的人能清楚地看到近處的物體，但看不清遠處的物體。如果你的父母其中一方或者雙方都存在近視的問題，那麼你小時候就要戴上眼鏡的可能性會更高。因此，除了諸如壓力之類的環境因素會影響近視之外，基因也會影響近視。多個家庭的研究報告中顯示了家長近視與孩子近視的密切聯繫。此外，家族史上有近視眼的孩子做了眼科檢查後，結果顯示其眼睛結構的變化使孩子近視的機率增加，由此我們得出結論，基因的構成確實會影響視力。

holism

9.酗酒

Lucky for all you binge drinkers out there, recent studies indicate that the development of alcoholism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. "It appears that the development of alcoholism is not a case of genetics versus the environment; it is one of genetics and the environment," says Dr. Ting-Kai Li, distinguished professor of medicine and biochemistry at the Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis. Family studies have proven for a fact that their genes do influence alcoholism and that your drinking behavior as well alcohol tolerance level is impacted by genetic differences. So the occasional,"it's in my genes", wouldn't be a wrong statement to justify your drinking!

最近的研究表明，酗酒受基因和環境因素的雙重影響，這對酗酒的人來說可能是個好消息。印第安納波利斯的印第安納大學醫學院傑出的醫學和生物化學教授Ting-Kai Li說："現在看來，酗酒是受基因和環境因素的共同影響，這二者並非是對立的。"家庭研究已經證實基因確實會影響酗酒，並且人們的飲酒行爲以及酒精耐受度都會受到遺傳差異的影響。所以，偶爾用"這是我的基因問題"來爲自己的酗酒行爲開脫似乎也是可以的。

ness

8.禿頂

About 95% of hair loss from the scalp comes from heredity. If your grandparents and or your parents sport the bald patch, you may inherit that as well. Called male pattern baldness (MBP) this hair loss can start as early as in your thirties and ends in complete baldness. Balding can skip generations and it is randomly incident among siblings, so if you are lucky enough maybe you don't possess the gene to make you follically challenged otherwise, at present there is no way to avoid male pattern baldness from happening so hope you look as good as Vin diesel when genetics takes over.

頭皮上的頭髮脫落，其大約95%的原因歸咎於遺傳。如果你的祖父母或父母是禿頂，那麼你很可能也會禿頂。這種脫髮，被稱爲"男性型脫髮"（MBP），會在你30幾歲的時候開始，直至最後完全禿頂。禿頂可能會隔代遺傳而且基因在子女間是隨機重組的，因而如果你運氣夠好，你可能不會遺傳那種會使你禿頂的基因。否則，你禿頂的趨勢將勢不可擋，唯有希望你會像範·迪塞爾那樣英俊有型。

ling

7.賭博

Apparently the probability of you being a gambler is much higher than your probability of winning in roulette, if one of your parents is addicted to throwing the dice. According to a new study of Australian twins, scientists have found that genes play a role in a number of addictions which includes gambling . Researcher Wendy Slutske of the University of Missouri told Reuters Health, "Previous research in men showed that gambling addiction can run in the family,This study extends those findings to include women." If you find yourself unable to control yourself from going into the casino you know who to blame!

顯而易見，如果你的父母有一方沉迷於擲骰子，那麼你成爲賭徒的可能性就遠高於你取得輪盤賭勝利的概率。根據一項以澳大利亞的一對雙胞胎爲研究對象的最新調查，科學家們發現基因對於許多不良嗜好的形成（其中包括賭博）具有一定的影響。美國密蘇里大學研究者 Wendy Slutske 也向路透社健康專欄透露道："之前對男性的研究發現賭博成癮會在家族中遺傳，而這項研究表明女性賭博成癮也是可以遺傳的。"所以如果你發現自己無法控制不去賭場，那你一定知道該怪誰了吧！

ness

6.懶惰

Turns out that your inclination to be a couch potato is not really a sin! According to a new US research, genes do act as a deciding factor in deciding your level of activity and motivation for the same. Researchers from the University of Missouri reached the above conclusion by performing the experiment by breeding rats which were either extremely active or extremely indolent, selectively. Researcher Frank Booth said and I quote, "We have shown that it is possible to be genetically predisposed to being lazy," This could be an important step in identifying additional causes for obesity in humans. It would be very useful to know if a person is genetically predisposed to having a lack of motivation to exercise, because that could potentially make them more likely to grow obese."

根據美國一項新的研究結果，實際上，人們有傾向成爲一個"沙發土豆"（即電視迷）並不是一種罪過。來自密蘇里大學的研究人員通過有選擇性地繁殖特別活躍或特別懶惰的老鼠，得出了以下結論：在影響你的行爲和動機水平上，基因同樣起到了決定性作用。在這裏我引用研究者弗蘭克·布斯的原話，"我們的研究結果已經表明，懶惰可能是會遺傳的，在確證人類肥胖症的其他原因上，懶惰可能會成爲一項重要的參考。這可以幫助我們快速知道一個人是否是因爲懶惰而導致缺乏運動的動力，因爲那樣他們變胖的可能性更大。"

審校：淺芷湄 編輯：Lion 來源:前十網