想要找到好工作 先學會"走後門"

Job boards are irresistible because they seemingly put everything within easy reach. Unfortunately, the majority of job hunters are competing for the same small pool of jobs and getting turned down.

More than 80% of job openings are actually unlisted, says Steven Rothberg, founder of job website in Minneapolis. This can be a good opportunity for outside candidates with research and networking skills since most companies will try to promote from within or rely on employee referrals.

Look for signs: Keep up with what's going on in your industry. Read trade journals, follow analyst commentary and monitor the stock market for indicators showing which companies are growing, restructuring or contracting out services. Good or bad news can lead to staff changes so regularly check company websites and Facebook pages for jobs since they may not be advertised elsewhere.

Compile a list of companies that you'd like to work for and research relevant positions within those organizations. You can find job descriptions on career websites and industry blogs. For newly created jobs, try , a site offering inside job information that is supplied by anonymous employees.

Only apply to jobs that closely fit your skills and experience, says Susan Strayer, a career coach in Washington. 'If you want to become that wildcard choice, a 30% match isn't going to cut it. You need to be as close to 100% as possible.'

It's people, not paper: Tap your personal network of colleagues, friends and family to find those inside connections that can forward your résumé to decision makers. If you don't have a direct line, try reaching outside of your immediate network to friends of friends, old classmates or even cold call somebody in a useful capacity who can offer inside intelligence about company culture. Don't overlook contacts working for company vendors; they are often seen by decision makers as trusted sources of referrals.

The more senior you are, the smaller the network tends to be, so join professional trade organizations and attend trade shows, conferences and seminars.

Make it easy to find you: Promote your availability by posting your résumé on networking websites like and on specific industry websites like or , a website for educators. Emphasize unique skills on your résumé since companies will search online databases when they have specialized needs. That's how Vanessa Broaten, a teacher from Anaheim Hills, Calif., got her job after posting on several teaching websites. She was hired because of her master's in education and fluency in Spanish and Portuguese.

Follow up with employers since first hiring picks don't always work out. The same job may get reposted six months down the line. You want to be available to that employer before they post the new job.招聘資訊似乎把對求職者的一切要求都設定得可以輕易達到，讓人難以抗拒。但不幸的是，大多數求職者都只是在同一個很小的範圍內競爭，從而難逃遭拒的命運。

明尼阿波利斯市(Minneapolis)求職網站的創始人史蒂文•羅斯伯格(Steven Rothberg)表示，事實上，超過80%的職位空缺都是不對外公開的。這對於公司外部擁有調研和社交能力的求職者來說可能是個不錯的機會，因爲大多數公司都試圖通過內部提拔或者依靠員工推薦來選拔人才。

留心種種跡象：密切關注你所在行業的發展動向。閱讀行業期刊，跟蹤分析師的評論，留意股市中表明哪些公司股票上漲、正在進行重組或者提供服務外包的信號。不論是好消息還是壞消息，都可能導致人員變化，因此要經常性地查看各公司的網站以及Facebook網站的招聘頁面，因爲這些招聘資訊不大可能在別的地方發佈。

把你願意爲之工作的公司列一張單子，然後對公司裏有關的職位做一些研究。你可以在招聘網站和行業博客上找到對這些職位的描述。對於新創建的職位，你可以嘗試登陸，這是一個由公司員工匿名提供的介紹內部職位資訊的網站。

華盛頓的職業教練蘇珊•斯特雷耶(Susan Strayer)建議，只申請最適合你的技能和經驗的職位。如果你想要出奇制勝，僅僅30%的匹配度不足以讓你獲得成功。你需要儘可能100%地接近職位要求。

人是關鍵，簡歷其次：挖掘你的同事、朋友、親戚等社交資源，找到能爲你向決策者遞交簡歷的內部關係。如果你無法建立直接的聯繫，那就試試找你的朋友的朋友和老同學，甚至直接給能爲你提供有關公司文化的內部資訊的人打電話。不要忽視與公司客戶有關人員之間的聯繫，他們通常被公司的決策者視爲可以信任的推薦人才的來源。

你的職位越高，社交的圈子可能會越小。所以，你需要加入專業的行業組織，出席各種行業展覽、大會以及研討會。

讓別人能夠輕易地發現你：在等社交網站以及或者爲教育界人士服務的等有針對性的行業網站上發佈你的簡歷，表明你的求職狀態。在簡歷中突出你的專長，因爲當公司有專門需要的話，它們會在網上的資料庫搜尋合適的候選人。加州阿納海姆希爾斯(Anaheim Hills)的教師瓦內薩•布羅登(Vanessa Broaten)就是這樣通過在幾家教育網站上發佈簡歷找到工作的。她被僱用的原因是因爲擁有教育學碩士學位，而且能夠流利地使用西班牙語和葡萄牙語。

密切關注招聘單位的資訊，因爲第一次招聘不能保證一定就會成功。同樣的職位空缺可能在半年後會再次對外公佈。在它們發佈新的職位空缺前，確保更新你的求職狀態。