中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第26期:司馬懿

Sima Yi(179~251) was a general, military strategist, and politician of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.

司馬懿(179-251),三國時期曹魏一名大將、軍事戰略家和政治家。

He is perhaps best known for defending Cao Wei from Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions.

他最爲人知的就是與諸葛亮的北征相對抗，保護曹魏。

His success and subsequent rise in prominence paved the way for his grandson Sima Yan's foundation of the Jin Dynasty, which would eventually bring an end to the Three Kingdoms period.

司馬懿的成功和後來地位的上升爲他的孫子司馬炎建晉朝鋪平了道路。晉朝最後結束了三國鼎立的局面，統一了中國。

After the founding of the Jin Dynasty, Sima Yi was posthumously honored as Emperor Xuan of Jin with the temple name of Gaozu.

晉朝建立後，司馬懿被追尊爲晉宣帝，廟號高祖。

Sima Yi began his career as Secretary of Literature under Lord Cao. Sima's first military action was against Zhang Lu in Hanzhong.

司馬懿初爲曹操的文學掾，在征伐張魯時立大功。

Sima Yi's strategies were a success and Lord Cao was greatly impressed. Cao Pi had a great trust in Sima Yi and titled him Lord of Hejin Precinct. Later in his career, Sima Yi was appointed as Senior Assistant to the Prime Minister.

曹丕信任和器重司馬懿，封他爲河津亭侯，後任丞相長史。

When Cao Pi's son Cao Rui succeeded the throne, Sima Yi was appointed as Great General of the Flying Cavalry, and was in charge of defending Xiliang district. By a plot of Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi was later dismissed from his office.

曹丕之子，曹睿繼位時，司馬懿出任驃騎大將軍，掌重兵鎮守西涼，卻被蜀國以離間計致使被罷官。

Without Sima Yi however, Cao Rui and Cao Zhen suffered many losses against Zhuge Liang and his officers. Thus Cao Rui appointed Sima Yi as Great Commander-in-Chief Who Pacifies the West.

後因魏國屢屢敗於蜀國，曹睿只好再次起任司馬懿爲平西都督。

Sima Yi's talents as military strategist and his able leadership prevented Zhuge Liang from gaining the upper hand in the battles between Wei and Shu.

司馬懿深通兵法，指揮有度，與蜀國作戰期間使諸葛亮難以取得決定性勝利。

In the second year of Beginning Prospects(238), Sima Yi put down the rebellion of Gongsun Yuan and was promoted to Grand Commandant.

景初二年(238)，司馬懿鎮壓公孫淵並升任太尉。

In the first year of Joyous Stability(249), Sima Yi decided that the reign of the weak Wei Emperors needed to stop and pulled off a Coup d'etat. In the process, Cao Shuang and his sympathizers were put to death.

嘉平元年(249 )，司馬懿發動兵變消滅獨攬大權的曹爽。

In the third year of Joyous Stability(251)，Sima Yi eradicated Wang Ling who usurped against his authority. In the same year, Sima Yi died of natural causes at the age of seventy-two. When his grandson Sima Yan united the land and established the Jin Dynasty, Sima Yi was posthumously titled King Wen.

嘉平三年(251 ) ,司馬懿鎮壓王凌叛亂，並於當年去世，終年72歲。晉國建立時，追尊司馬懿爲文王。