中國預算 買穀物降煤耗
China plans to continue stockpiling grain, edible oil and other commodities but will reduce its consumption of coal as it plans to tackle air pollution.
The country will spend 154.6bn yuan ($24.67bn) this year on its stockpiles, an increase of 33 per cent, the Ministry of Finance said in a report to the National People’s Congress under way in Beijing. Last year spending rose 22 per cent.
在正在北京召開的中國全國人大會議上，中國財政部在一份報告中稱，今年中國將花費1546億元人民幣（合246.7億美元）用於擴大大宗商品庫存，比去年增加33%。相比之下，去年中國相關開支增長率爲22%。Low commodity prices give China an opportunity to build up its strategic reserves. The country imports roughly 60 per cent of the crude oil it uses, and has been building up its strategic and commercial reserves as oil prices have fallen about 50 per cent since last summer.
大宗商品的熊市，爲中國創造了增加戰略儲備的機會。自去年夏天以來，全球油價已下跌了大約50%。中國進口原油約佔其所用原油的60%，自油價暴跌以來，中國一直在增加戰略儲備和商業儲備。
But coal is the one commodity it wants to use less of. The country will strive for zero growth of coal in key areas of the country, Premier Li Keqiang said in his work report.
不過，煤炭卻是中國希望減少用量的大宗商品。中國總理李克強在其政府工作報告中表示，中國要爭取實現重點區域煤炭消費零增長。Consumption of coal in China fell 2.9 per cent last year, the first drop in 14 years. That has helped drive down thermal coal prices 25 per cent over the past year.
去年，中國煤炭消費量下跌了2.9%，是14年來首次下跌。受其影響，過去一年中國動力煤價格下跌25%。China will also cut its energy intensity by 3.1 per cent this year, Mr Li said. China has cut overcapacity in the steel and cement industries as part of a five-year plan to reduce energy intensity by 16 per cent compared with 2010 by this year. Last year it surpassed its target, cutting intensity by 4.8 per cent.
李克強表示，今年中國還會將其能源強度（每單位產出所消耗的能源——譯者注）降低3.1%。按照中國的五年計劃，中國會在今年底前令能源強度比2010年降低16%。根據這一計劃，中國已削減了鋼鐵和混凝土產業的過剩產能。去年，中國超額完成了任務，將能源強度降低了4.8%。The country will strictly control the number of energy-intensive projects in areas affected by severe smog and put into effect policies for coal use reduction and replacing coal with alternative sources, the National Development and Reform Commission said in its report to the congress.
此外，中國發改委(National Development and Reform Commission)在提交給全國人大的報告中表示，中國還將嚴格控制受霧霾影響嚴重地區的高能耗項目數，並將實施多項減少煤炭消費、將煤炭用其他能源替代的政策。Air quality in 66 of 74 of China’s major cities failed to meet basic standards of air quality last year.
去年，中國74座大城市中，有66座未能達到空氣質量的基本標準。The money for stockpiling is mostly to pay subsidies for loans to build up reserves of grain and edible oil and to pay for losses on sales of cotton reserves, the ministry of finance said. It did not give details of what other commodities it plans to stockpile.
財政部表示，用於擴大庫存的撥款大部分將用於爲貸款提供補貼。這些貸款將用於增加穀物和食用油的儲備，以及支付銷售棉花儲備的虧損。至於中國打算囤積的其他大宗商品，財政部並未提供相關細節。Corn prices have fallen to below $4 a bushel, from more than $8 in 2012, while wheat, at $4.91, has halved in price since 2012.
目前，玉米價格已經從2012年的每蒲式耳逾8美元，跌至4美元以下。同時，自2012年以來，小麥價格已減半至每蒲式耳4.91美元。In November China gave its first formal estimate of its oil reserves, saying the first stage was complete with 12.43m tonnes in storage, about 91m barrels of crude in four locations.
去年11月，中國首次公佈了對其石油儲備的正式估計，表示一期工程已經完成，四個儲備基地的存儲量達1243萬噸，相當於大約9100萬桶原油。China plans to achieve 90 days of crude import cover similar to developed countries, to be achieved in three phases, according to the Oxford Energy Institute.
據牛津能源研究所(Oxford Institute for Energy Studies)稱，中國計劃參照發達國家，建立相當於90天原油進口量的石油儲備，將分三個階段完成。In copper, China’s Strategic Reserve Bureau last year was also rumoured to have been buying. China imports about 70 per cent of the copper it uses and prices have fallen to five-year lows.
去年也有傳聞稱，中國國家物資儲備局一直在買進銅。目前，中國對銅的進口量大約佔其消耗量的70%，而全球銅價已降至5年來最低點。
