中國遊客黑名單爲何不見效

BEIJING — Two young Chinese tourists carve their names on the Great Wall. Hundreds of picnickers leave their garbage moldering on the banks of the Yellow River.

北京——兩名年輕的中國遊客在長城上刻下自己的名字。數百名在黃河邊野餐的人把垃圾留在了那裏。

Such episodes during the recent National Day holiday have produced a flurry of photographic postings and a spasm of soul-searching in China, highlighting anxieties over the habits and image of tourists at home and abroad in a nation that is increasingly cash-rich but, some say, short on manners and experience with the outside world.

在最近的國慶節長假期間，這種事情已經在中國引發了一串照片帖子和自我反省，突顯了人們對中國人在國內和海外旅遊的習慣和形象所感到的焦慮，中國人的腰包正變得日益充裕，但有些人認爲，國人缺乏禮貌以及與外界打交道的經驗。

They are also raising questions as to why a “tourism blacklist” the government set up last year to name and shame misbehaving travelers does not seem to have had a greater impact.

人們也提出一個問題：爲什麼政府去年設立了“遊客黑名單”，點名批評行爲不文明遊客的做法，似乎並沒有產生多大作用。

In May 2015, to counter the impression left by an array of widely publicized episodes that have included travelers storming a buffet in Thailand to consume all the prawns, throwing hot water at a flight attendant, carving inscriptions on an ancient Egyptian monument, allowing children to relieve themselves in public places and opening emergency exits on airlines “for fresh air,” the government announced the blacklist.

2015年5月，政府宣佈設立遊客黑名單，爲的是抵消被廣泛報道的一系列不良事件給人們留下的印象，這些事件包括遊客在泰國自助餐廳搶光大蝦，向一名飛機乘務員潑熱水，在埃及的古蹟上刻字，讓孩子在公共場所大小便，在飛機上打開緊急出口以“呼吸新鮮空氣”等。

People may land on it either for legal crimes or moral offenses at home or abroad, according to People’s Daily.

據《人民日報》報道，在國內或海外有犯罪行爲或不道德行爲的人可能會被列入這個黑名單。

Possible offenses include interfering with aircraft or public transport, damaging public property or the environment, defacing cultural relics, disrespecting local customs and participating in gambling, illicit drug activities, prostitution or “dangerous sexual activities.”

可能的不良行爲包括：擾亂航空器或者其他公共交通工具秩序；破壞公共環境衛生、公共設施；損毀、破壞旅遊目的地文物古蹟；違反旅遊目的地社會風俗、民族生活習慣；參與賭博、色情、毒品內容的活動或者危險性活動。

People added to the list remain there for three years, during which their names are made available to travel companies, airlines, work units and the Public Security Bureau, among other groups. This puts the person on notice that he or she is under watch and could be barred from tour groups. They may be barred from flying or from visiting scenic spots. But there is no financial penalty.

上黑名單的人的信息將保存三年，旅遊公司、航空公司、工作單位和公安局等機構可以查到他們的名字。這警告當事人，他們受到監督，有可能被禁止參加旅遊團。他們也可能被禁止乘坐飛機或進入景區，但並沒有財物懲罰。

Over all, the blacklist appears to have had a slow start, suggesting the difficulty of policing human behavior even in an authoritarian nation.

總地來看，黑名單的效果似乎並不如意，說明即使是在一個集權國家，監督人們的行爲也很困難。

The list is unavailable on the website of the China National Tourism Administration. But according to the Shenzhen Metropolis newspaper, only 24 people are on it.

中國國家旅遊局的網站找不到這份名單。但據《深圳都市報》報道，名單上只有24個人。

That number includes two people added over the recent holiday, according to the China National Tourism Administration: Hou Geshun from Heilongjiang Province, who was accused of burning Vietnamese money in a bar in the Vietnamese city of Danang, and Lu Shan from Beijing, who was said to have beaten up her tour guide in Yunnan Province.

據國家旅遊局說，黑名單上包括兩個在最近的假期被列入的人：黑龍江遊客侯歌順和北京遊客盧珊，侯歌順被指在越南城市峴港的一家酒吧燒“越南盾”，盧珊據說在雲南打了導遊。

The report did not explain why Mr. Hou burned the money, but China and Vietnam have a testy relationship over conflicting territorial claims in the South China Sea that have led to nationalistic demonstrations on both sides. The reason for Ms. Lu’s outburst was also not given, but disputes between tour guides and tourists are common, often over travel conditions or shopping requirements.

這篇報道沒有解釋爲什麼侯歌順燒越南盾，但中國與越南的關係由於南海領土爭端變得很緊張，兩國都曾發生過民族主義者的遊行示威。報道也沒有提盧珊毆打導遊的原因，但導遊與遊客之間的糾紛很常見，往往涉及旅遊條件或購物要求。

Hundreds of millions of people made 593 million domestic trips on national transportation networks during the weeklong holiday, according to the tourism administration. That number does not include trips by private car. An additional six million traveled abroad during that period, the tourism administration said.

旅遊局的資料顯示，在國慶節黃金週期間，全國共接待遊客5.93億人次。此外，還有接近600萬人次的出境遊，旅遊局說。

Last week, after the fresh round of episodes over the holiday, Xinhua, the state news agency, questioned the list’s effectiveness.

上週，在國慶長假爆出新一輪不文明事件之後，官方通訊社新華網對黑名單的有效性提出了質疑。

“Carving Names and Drawing Pictures on the Great Wall, Throwing Garbage in the Yellow River, Why Does the Blacklist not Control Uncivilized Tourists?” its headline asked.

文章標題問道，“長城刻畫黃河扔垃圾，黑名單爲何管不住不文明遊客？”

An article on the WeChat account of Guangming Online asked whether the list was merely a “paper tiger.”

“光明網”微信公號發表的一篇文章問道，遊客黑名單是否成了“紙老虎”。

One man added to the blacklist shortly after it was set up told The Zhejiang Elderly News that being on it did not change his life much.

一名在黑名單剛建立不久就上了名單的男子對《浙江老年報》說，被納入黑名單對自己的生活影響不大。

“I got back from Thailand and am off to Korea,” said the man from Jiangsu Province, identified only by his surname, Wang. “At the worst, you can’t join a tour group. Independent travel is the thing to do.”

這名江蘇男子說，“剛從泰國回來，我就去了韓國。大不了不跟團，自由行就是了。”文章中只提到他姓王。

But perhaps travel will grow more difficult for Mr. Wang and others on the list.

但是對王先生和其他上了黑名單上的人來說，旅遊也許將會變得更加困難。

In August, The Qianjiang Evening News reported, officials drafted another set of rules that has not yet been approved, but it includes a ban on foreign travel.

據《錢江晚報》報道，今年8月，官員們已起草了新條例，目前尚未獲得批准，但上了黑名單的人將有可能被限制出境。