奧斯卡小金人究竟是黑是白
LOS ANGELES — Oscar voters showered “The Revenant” and “Mad Max: Fury Road” with honors on Thursday, including best picture nominations, but were less kind to some contenders and put forth, once again, an all-white field of acting nominees.
洛杉磯――星期四，奧斯卡獎投票者們把大量榮譽授予了《荒野獵人》(The Revenant)和《瘋狂的麥克斯4：狂暴之路》(Mad Max: Fury Road)，包括最佳影片提名，但是對某些參賽者就不那麼慷慨，而且再一次讓表演獎項提名全部落入白人之手。
Six films joined “The Revenant” and “Fury Road” as nominees for Hollywood’s top prize: “Bridge of Spies,” “Spotlight,” “The Big Short” “The MArtian,” “Brooklyn” and “Room.” The black-themed “Straight Outta Compton,” expected by handicappers to make the cut (10 nominees are allowed), was notably not among them, adding to the mono-racial nature of the selections from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
與《荒野獵人》和《瘋狂的麥克斯4：狂暴之路》同獲這一好萊塢最高榮譽提名的影片還有《間諜之橋》(Bridge of Spies)、《聚焦》(Spotlight)、《大空頭》(The Big Short)、《火星救援》(The Martian)、《布魯克林》(Brooklyn)和《房間》(Room)這六部影片。黑人題材的《衝出康普頓》(Straight Outta Compton)被一些博彩者看好（允許下注十項提名），卻沒有出現在最佳電影提名之中，頗爲引人矚目，這進一步顯示出美國電影藝術與科學學院選擇品味的單一種族本質。
Last year’s group at least had “Selma,” centered on the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
去年的最佳影片中至少還包括《塞爾瑪》(Selma)，它講述牧師小馬丁·路德·金博士(Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr)的故事。
“The Revenant,” a frontier revenge tale directed by Alejandro G. Iárritu, drew 12 nominations in total — the most of any film — with Leonardo DiCaprio honored for his wounded trapper and Tom Hardy for his villainous supporting role. Additional nominations came in more technical categories like cinematography and sound mixing, an indication of especially broad support among all classes of voters. (One possible exception: The movie is very male centric.)
《荒野獵人》講述一個開拓者的復仇故事，由亞歷桑德羅·G·伊納裏多(Alejandro G. Iárritu)導演，共獲得12項提名，是本次獲得提名最多的電影，萊昂納多·迪卡普里奧(Leonardo Dicaprio)在其中飾演一個受傷的捕獸者，獲得最佳男主演提名，湯姆·哈迪(Tom Hardy)飾演邪惡的配角，亦獲得最佳男配角提名。該片獲得的其他提名主要集中在技術類，諸如最佳攝影與最佳混音，這表明該片受到各層次投票者的廣泛支持（只有一個可能的異議：該片是非常以男性爲中心的）。
With 10 nominations, “Fury Road,” directed by George Miller, was the second-most-honored film, but most of its support came from technical areas, like film editing, costume design and makeup and hairstyling. Next came “The Martian,” with seven nods, although its director, Ridley Scott, was prominently snubbed.
《瘋狂的麥克斯4：狂暴之路》由喬治·米勒(George Miller)執導，獲得10項提名，僅次於《荒野獵人》。但它所獲得的支持大部分來自技術領域，諸如最佳剪輯獎、服裝設計獎及化妝和髮型設計獎。接下來是《火星救援》獲得七項提名，不過其導演雷利·斯科特(Ridley Scott)未能入圍最佳導演獎，顯然受到冷遇。
“Spotlight” won attention in six categories, including nominations for its director, Tom McCarthy, and two of its supporting actors, Mark Ruffalo and Rachel McAdams. The lesbian romance “Carol,” overlooked for best picture, also managed to come up with six nominations, as did “Bridge of Spies,” a best picture nominee directed by Steven Spielberg.
《聚焦》獲得六項提名，其導演湯姆·麥卡錫(Tom McCarthy)獲得最佳導演提名，兩位配角馬克·魯弗洛(Mark Ruffalo)和瑞秋·麥克亞當斯(Rachel McAdams)也分獲提名。女同性戀題材的愛情電影《卡羅爾》(Carol)獲得6項提名，但無緣最佳影片。史蒂芬·斯皮爾伯特(Steven Spielberg)執導的《間諜之橋》也獲得六項提名，其中包括最佳影片提名。
Mr. Spielberg, though, did not receive a directing nomination. In addition to Mr. McCarthy, Mr. Iárritu and Mr. Miller, rounding out the race for best director are Adam McKay (“The Big Short,” five nominations in total) and, in a little-expected selection, Lenny Abrahamson (the kidnapping drama “Room,” four nominations total).
不過，斯皮爾伯格卻沒有獲得最佳導演提名。獲得該項榮譽的除了麥卡錫、伊納裏多和米勒之外，還包括《大空頭》的導演亞當·麥凱(Adam McKay)，該片獲得五項提名。此外，綁架題材影片《房間》(Room)的導演倫尼·阿伯拉罕森(Lenny Abrahamson)爆冷獲得提名，該片共獲得四項提名。
For the most part, Oscar voters refused to bow in the direction of popular movies. “Furious 7,” “Jurassic World” and “Avengers: Age of Ultron” got nothing, even in the work-a-day categories. And “Star Wars: The Force Awakens,” which picked up five nominations in craft categories, came up far short of the original “Star Wars,” which was a best picture nominee in 1978.
大多數奧斯卡獎的投票者們並不青睞大衆流行電影。《速度與激情7》(Furious 7)、《侏羅紀世界》(Jurassic World)與《復仇者：奧創紀元》(Avengers: Age of Ultron)都一無所獲，就連家喻戶曉的影片也是如此。《星球大戰：原力覺醒》(Star Wars: The Force Awakens)在製作類別獲得五項提名，遠比1978年最早的《星球大戰》影片要少，當年它還曾獲得最佳影片提名。
The acting groups were peppered with familiar faces. As expected, Cate Blanchett came away with her sixth nomination, for “Carol.” Jennifer Lawrence, now a four-time nominee, this time for “Joy,” joined Ms. Blanchett in the category. Also selected were Brie Larson from “Room,” Charlotte Rampling from the indie drama “45 Years” and Saoirse Ronan from “Brooklyn.”
最佳演員獎項裏還是一些熟面孔。如人們所料，凱特·布蘭切特(Cate Blanchett)憑藉她在《卡羅爾》(Carol)中的表演，第六次獲得提名。詹妮弗·勞倫斯(Jennifer Lawrence)憑她在《奮鬥的喬伊》(Joy)中的表現第四次獲得提名。當選的還有《房間》的女主角布麗·拉爾森、獨立電影《45週年》的女主演夏洛特·蘭普林(Charlotte Rampling)和《布魯克林》的女主演西爾莎·羅南(Saoirse Ronan)。
Mr. DiCaprio, picking up his fifth acting nomination, will be competing against the reigning best actor winner, Eddie Redmayne, who picked up a nod for “The Danish Girl.” Voters also backed Matt Damon (“The Martian”), Bryan Cranston (“Trumbo”) and Michael Fassbender (“Steve Jobs”).
迪卡普里奧第五次獲得最佳男主角獎提名，將與上屆最佳男主演得主埃迪·雷德梅恩(Eddie Redmayne)競爭，雷德梅恩此次憑《丹麥女孩》(The Danish Girl)獲得提名。投票者們還支持主演《火星救援》的馬特·達蒙(Matt Damon)、主演《特朗勃》(Trumbo)的布萊恩·科蘭斯頓(Bryan Cranston)和主演《喬布斯》(Steve Jobs)的邁克爾·法斯賓德(Michael Fassbender)。
Although Mr. Scott received the coldest shoulder, there were other slights. Aaron Sorkin was not among the adapted screenplay nominees for “Steve Jobs,” even though he took the screenwriting prize at the Golden Globes on Sunday. Receiving nothing were “Concussion,” starring Will Smith; “Beasts of No Nation,” featuring Idris Elba; and “Black Mass,” with Johnny Depp.
除了斯科特導演之外，還有其他人也遭到冷遇。亞倫·索金(Aaron Sorkin)未能憑藉《喬布斯》獲得最佳改編劇本獎提名，儘管他於週日獲得金球獎最佳編劇獎。威爾·史密斯(Will Smith)主演的《震盪效應》(Concussion)、伊德里斯·艾爾巴(Idris Elba)主演的《無境之獸》(Beasts of No Nation)與約翰尼·德普(Johnny Depp)主演的《黑色彌撒》(Black Mass)都一無所獲。
The racially diverse “Creed,” directed by Ryan Coogler, was shut out, except for a nomination for its (white) war-horse supporting actor, Sylvester Stallone.
多種族演員參演的《奎迪》(Creed)由瑞恩·庫格勒(Ryan Coogler)執導，同樣在各項提名中遇冷，只有影壇老兵（白人）西爾維斯特·史泰龍(Sylvester Stallone)爲該片贏得最佳男配角一項提名。
The documentary category also brought two prominent rebukes, as two widely viewed investigative films, Alex Gibney’s “Going Clear,” which focused on Scientology, and Kirby Dick’s “The Hunting Ground,” about college rapes, were left out. Instead, nominations went to “Amy,” about the rise and fall of the singer Amy Winehouse; “Cartel Land,” set in Mexico; “The Look of Silence,” about genocide in Indonesia; and a pair of heavily campaigned Netflix films, “What Happened, Miss Simone?” and “Winter on Fire: Ukraine’s Fight for Freedom.”
紀錄片類別中同樣有兩項主要爭議，兩部觀者甚多的調查紀錄片均未能獲得提名，它們是亞歷克斯·吉布尼(Alex Gibney)關注山達基教的《撥開迷霧》(Going Clear)與科比·迪克(Kirby Dick)關注校園強姦問題的《獵場》(The Hunting Ground)。提名獲得者包括講述歌手艾米·懷恩豪斯(Amy Winehouse)人生起伏的《艾米》(Amy)、在墨西哥拍攝的《販毒之地》(Cartel Land)、關注印尼大屠殺問題的《沉默之像》(The Look of Silence)；以及兩部在Netflix大肆宣傳的影片《發生什麼了，西蒙妮小姐？》(What Happened, Miss Simone?)和《凜冬烈火：烏克蘭爲自由而戰》(Winter on Fire: Ukraine’s Fight for Freedom)。
As documentaries go, “Amy” has done well at the box office, taking in about $8.4 million in the United States and Canada. Speaking from his home in London, Asif Kapadia, who directed the film, said Ms. Winehouse’s drug addiction and death seemed to mirror problems in many viewers’ lives. “It started off being a film about Amy, and ended up being a film about ourselves,” Mr. Kapadia said.
在紀錄片類別中，《艾米》在票房方面表現不俗，在美國和加拿大獲得了840萬美元收入。導演阿斯弗·卡帕迪爾(Asif Kapadia)在倫敦家中表示，懷恩豪斯女士的毒癮與死亡似乎映照出了許多觀衆生活中的問題。“一開始好像是一部關於艾米的電影，最後卻成了一部關於我們自身的電影，”卡帕迪爾說。
The Academy, stung by fierce criticism of its failure to nominate any black actors and directors last year, also seemed to ignore a plea from its own president, Cheryl Boone Isaacs, for increased diversity. In November, at the Academy’s noncompetitive Governors Awards, Ms. Isaacs introduced a plan to increase diversity and implored the A-list attendees to pay attention to “this critically important initiative.”
電影學院去年未曾把提名授予任何黑人男演員與導演，因此受到激烈抨擊，就連學院主席謝麗爾·布恩·艾薩克斯(Cheryl Boone Isaacs)對多樣化的呼籲似乎也被完全無視。11月，在電影學院的非競賽獎項理事會獎(Governors Awards)的頒獎禮上，艾薩克斯介紹了一項旨在增進多樣性的方案，請求有影響力的與會人士注意“這項極爲重要的舉措”。
Academy officials, who declined to comment on the lack of diversity, had tried to squarely face their racial issues by inviting Chris Rock to return as host for this year’s ceremony, which will be broadcast by ABC on Feb. 28. When he hosted the telecast in 2005, he repeatedly tweaked the film establishment for its homogeneity.
電影學院的管理者們拒絕就缺乏多樣性問題發表評論，試圖邀請克里斯·洛克(Chris Rock)回來主持今年的頒獎禮，以此平衡種族問題。今年的頒獎禮將於2月28日在ABC電視臺直播。洛克曾在2005年主持過頒獎禮，主持過程中一再抨擊電影界中的同質性。
Under the Academy’s complex counting method, an eight-film best picture spread (for the second year), indicates that opinion was fairly fragmented. In 2009, the Academy increased the number of films nominated in the best picture category to 10 from five. Two years later, the rules were again changed, to permit a variable number of nominees, between five and 10, depending on voter support.
根據電影學院複雜的計票方式，8部最佳電影的分佈表明投票者的意見非常分散（去年也是如此）。2009年，電影學院把最佳電影提名的數量從5部增加到10部。兩年後，規則又做出改變，提名影片的數量可以在5部到10部之間變動，由投票者們決定。
“Straight Outta Compton” was not shut out completely. Alan Wenkus and S. Leigh Savidge, who conceived the film, were nominated as part of a screenwriting team in the original screenplay category, which also saw “Inside Out,” “Spotlight,” “Bridge of Spies” and the futuristic “Ex Machina” honored. Mr. Wenkus said he was disappointed to see others from “Straight Outta Compton” overlooked.
《衝出康普頓》並未徹底失敗。該片編劇艾倫·溫庫(Alan Wenkus)與S·雷·薩維治(S. Leigh Savidge)代表整個編劇團隊，獲得最佳原創劇本提名，同獲該項提名的還有《頭腦特工隊》(Inside Out)、《聚焦》、《間諜之橋》和未來主義的《機械姬》(Ex Machina)。溫庫說，《衝出康普頓》未能獲得其他提名，令他很是失望。
“Without those actors, those incredible young actors, and Gary Gray drawing out those characters on screen, this would not be the movie it is,” Mr. Wenkus said.
“沒有那些演員，那些了不起的年輕演員們，還有把這些人物搬上銀幕的導演加里·格雷(Gary Gray)，這部電影不會是這個樣子，”溫庫說。
In the best animated film category, “Anomalisa,” a bit of stop-motion puppetry from Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson, for instance, overcame head-scratching by some to take its place alongside the more conventionally built “Inside Out,” “When Marnie Was There,” “Boy and the World” and “Shaun the Sheep Movie.”
在最佳動畫類別，比如由查理·考夫曼(Charlie Kaufman)和杜克·約翰遜(Duke Johnson)導演的木偶定格動畫《失常》(Anomalisa)，儘管令有些人費解，還是獲得提名，此外還有相對較爲傳統的《頭腦特工隊》、《記憶中的瑪妮》(When Marnie Was There)、《男孩和世界》(Boy and the World)，以及《小羊肖恩》(Shaun the Sheep Movie)。
Among studios, 20th Century Fox had a very good morning, with three films in its stable — “The Revenant,” “Brooklyn” and “The Martian” — receiving best picture nominations. But small, relatively new film companies will also be shouldering the work and expense of ongoing Oscar campaigns. Open Road Films is backing “Spotlight,” for instance, while Bleecker Street released “Trumbo.”
在各大製片公司中，20世紀福克斯公司迎來了一個不錯的早晨，它的三部重要影片《荒野獵人》、《布魯克林》和《火星救援》都獲得最佳影片提名。但是若干較小、較新的電影公司也將爲奧斯卡獎宣傳展開工作，大下重本。比如拍出了《聚焦》的Open Road電影公司和拍出《特朗勃》的Bleecker Street公司。
The small A24 Films, which released “Room,” “Amy” and “Ex Machina,” will be backing nominees in seven categories. A groggy Ms. Larson, reached by phone in Australia, where she is filming “Kong: Skull Island,” said she was ready and willing to join the next wave of Oscar glad-handing, although she didn’t know quite what form that would take. “I’m completely ignorant, I’ve never done this before,” she said.
小公司A24影業推出了《房間》、《艾米》和《機械姬》，在七個提名類別內都有收穫。頭暈目眩的拉森正在澳大利亞拍攝《金剛：骷髏島》(Kong: Skull Island)，她在電話採訪中說，自己已經準備好參加下一波的奧斯卡獎活動，儘管她還不知道到底都是些什麼活動，需要自己做什麼。“我什麼都不知道，我以前從來沒做過這樣的事，”她說。
After three years of entrusting its ceremony to the producers Neil Meron and Craig Zadan, who brought in Seth MacFarlane to sing about female on-screen nudity as host and Neil Patrick Harris to stand in his underwear, the Academy has turned to a new pair of telecast producers: Reginald Hudlin, a filmmaker whose raucous comedies include “House Party,” and David Hill, a producer with credits on “American Idol” and the 2011 World Series broadcast.
奧斯卡獎頒獎禮已經連續三年由尼爾·莫倫(Neil Meron)和克里格·扎丹(Craig Zadan)製作，他們曾讓主持人塞思·麥克法蘭(Seth MacFarlane)在頒獎禮上歌唱銀幕上的裸體女性，也曾讓尼爾·帕特里克·哈莉斯(Neil Patrick Harris)穿內衣站在臺上，這一次，電影學院請來了兩位新的電視製作人，他們是參與制作喧鬧的喜劇《家庭聚會》(House Party)的電影人雷吉納·哈德林(Reginald Hudlin)和參與制作《美國偶像》(American Idol)與2011棒球世界大賽(2011 World Series)轉播的戴維·希爾(David Hill)。
Under pressure to lift ratings — the audience for the last year’s ceremony dropped nearly 15 percent, to around 36.6 million viewers, from 43 million in 2014 — the new producers decided to bring back Mr. Rock.
2014年的頒獎禮有4300萬名觀衆觀看，去年的頒獎禮只有大約3660萬名觀衆觀看，收視率降低了大約15%，兩位新的製作人受到提升收視率的壓力，決定請回洛克。
