昂山素季拒絕聯合國調查緬甸羅興亞危機

A rift between Aung San Suu Kyi and some prominent western supporters has deepened after she criticised an international mission tasked with probing alleged Myanmar army abuses against the country’s Muslim Rohingya minority.

緬甸事實上的領導人昂山素季(Aung San Suu Kyi)批評了一個國際調查團，該調查團的任務是調查緬甸軍方涉嫌殘暴對待該國穆斯林少數族羣羅興亞人(Rohingya)的行爲。這一表態令她與她在西方的部分重要支持者之間的分歧有所加深。

The de facto Myanmar leader publicly clashed with Federica Mogherini, the EU’s foreign policy chief, arguing that an EU-backed review of the Rohingya crisis was not “in keeping with what is actually happening on the ground”.

昂山素季與歐盟(EU)外交事務最高官員費代麗卡?莫蓋里尼(Federica Mogherini)發生公開衝突，她聲稱一項由歐盟支持的、對羅興亞危機的調查不“符合當地實際發生的情況”。

The EU and the US — which also endorsed the proposed review by the UN human rights council — have been among Ms Aung San Suu Kyi’s most vocal international backers. They lauded her long journey from pro-democracy prisoner of conscience under Myanmar’s former ruling generals to landslide election victor in 2015.

美國也支持這項由聯合國人權理事會(UN human rights council)提議的調查。歐盟和美國一直是昂山素季在國際上最大聲的支持者。昂山素季從緬甸前軍政府統治下的一名親民主的良心犯，一步步走到在2015年大選中取得壓倒性勝利，歐盟和美國對她走過的這一漫長曆程大加讚譽。

But allegations that Myanmar security forces have waged a campaign of mass murder and rape in Rohingya areas have created diplomatic strains. Some of Ms Aung San Suu Kyi’s supporters retort that it is unrealistic to expect her to directly confront the country’s still-powerful military.

然而，有關緬甸安全部隊在羅興亞人地區發動大規模謀殺和強姦的指控，引發了外交上的緊張。昂山素季的一些支持者對這些指控迅速反駁道，指望她與緬甸依然強勢的軍方直接對抗是不現實的。

Ms Aung San Suu Kyi said the planned UN human rights council fact-finding mission would “divide” communities in the troubled western state of Rakhine. The Rohingya minority there has long faced official discrimination and been targeted by Buddhist hardliners who brand them unwelcome immigrants.

昂山素季表示，計劃中的聯合國人權理事會調查團，將“分化”已然問題重重的緬甸西部若開邦的社羣。長期以來，若開邦的羅興亞人一直受到官方的歧視，而且是佛教強硬派分子的眼中釘。這些佛教強硬派分子稱羅興亞人是不受歡迎的外來者。

The UN human rights council resolved in March to launch a review into reports of abuses during a months-long military crackdown in Rohingya areas of Rakhine. The clampdown was a response to an October attack by militiamen that allegedly killed nine security force members stationed close to the Bangladeshi border.

今年3月，聯合國人權理事會作出決議，對有關緬甸軍方在若開邦羅興亞人地區展開的、長達數月的軍事鎮壓中殘暴對待羅興亞人的報告發起調查。這次鎮壓是爲了迴應去年10月武裝分子發動的一次襲擊，那次襲擊據稱導致9名駐守在緬孟邊境附近的安全部隊人員喪生。

“We are disassociating ourselves from the resolution because we don’t think the resolution is in keeping with what is actually happening on the ground,” Ms Aung San Suu Kyi told a joint news conference with Ms Mogherini in Brussels on Tuesday.

週二，昂山素季在布魯塞爾與莫蓋里尼舉行聯合新聞發佈會，她說：“我們表明我們是不贊成該決議的，因爲我們不認爲該決議與當地實際發生的情況相符。”

Ms Aung San Suu Kyi said she would follow instead the recommendations of a special commission on Rakhine she set up in August under the leadership of Kofi Annan, former UN secretary-general.

她表示，相反，她會遵從一個若開邦事務特別委員會的建議。該委員會是她去年8月設立的，由聯合國前祕書長科菲?安南(Kofi Annan)領導。

Ms Mogherini countered that the human rights council mission would focus on “establishing the truth about the past”. She noted that the subject was a rare source of discord between Myanmar and the EU, which has scrapped most sanctions imposed during the dictatorship years but retains an arms embargo.

莫蓋里尼則回擊稱，聯合國人權理事會調查團將致力於“確證關於過去的真相”。她指出，這是個少有的會引起緬甸與歐盟不和的話題。歐盟現已取消了緬甸獨裁統治期間對其實施的多數制裁，但保留了武器禁運。

Myanmar security forces launched a “calculated policy of terror” in Rohingya areas that killed hundreds of people and drove tens of thousands from their homes, according to a report published in February by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The research was based on the testimony of Rohingya refugees who had fled affected areas. The Myanmar government has said it will investigate all allegations properly.

今年2月聯合國人權事務高級專員辦事處(Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights)發佈的一份報告稱，緬甸安全部隊在羅興亞人地區採取了一項“經過精心計劃的恐怖政策”，導致成百上千人喪生、數萬人流離失所。這項研究以逃離受影響地區的羅興亞難民的證詞爲基礎。緬甸政府表示，它會對所有指控展開適當的調查。

Ms Aung San Suu Kyi has faced criticism from rights activists for not taking a stronger stand against both the Rakhine violence and attempts by government officials and state media to discredit the allegations of abuses. Analysts say she has only limited influence over the military, which still holds a quarter of the seats in parliament, crucial ministries and vast power behind the scenes in a country still in the early stages of a long transition to civilian rule.

由於既沒有對若開邦暴力事件採取更強硬立場，也沒有更強硬地反對政府官員及官方媒體抹黑殘暴行爲指控的企圖，昂山素季受到人權活動人士的批評。分析人士稱，緬甸向文官統治轉型是一個漫長的過程，現在仍處於早期階段，昂山素季對軍方、關鍵政府部門及幕後的龐大實權派只有有限的影響力。目前，緬甸軍方仍在國會把持着四分之一的席位。