《中國製造2025》遭歐洲商界批評

Beijing’s plans to create national champions in 10 high-tech manufacturing sectors by 2025 has come under fire from European businesses, which fear Chinese producers could swamp whole industries with overcapacity and spark a protectionist backlash.

中國政府計劃在2025年以前，在10個高科技製造業領域打造國家冠軍企業。這一計劃受到歐洲商界的抨擊，後者擔心中國製造商會以過剩產能淹沒整個產業、並引發保護主義反彈。

The EU Chamber of Commerce in Beijing on Tuesday released a 70-page critique of China’s industrial policy, known as China Manufacturing 2025.

位於北京的中國歐盟商會(European Chamber of Commerce in China)週二發佈了一份長達70頁、題爲《中國製造2025：產業政策對弈市場力量》(China Manufacturing 2025)的報告，批評中國的產業政策。

“The broad set of policy tools that are being employed to facilitate CM2025’s development are highly problematic,” said the chamber, which represents European businesses in China. The report was timed to coincide with the National People’s Congress, the annual meeting of China’s rubber-stamp legislature.

這家代表歐洲在華企業的商會表示：“用來推動落實《中國製造2025》的諸多政策手段是有很大問題的。”該報告的發佈恰逢中國的“橡皮圖章”立法機關全國人大召開年會之際。

The chamber said, for instance, that foreign carmakers with electric models were being pressed to turn over their battery technology to Chinese partners in exchange for being able to produce and sell in China.

該商會舉例稱，擁有電動車型的外國車企正面臨壓力，要它們把自己的電池技術交給中方合作伙伴，以換取能夠在中國生產和銷售。

“European business is facing intense pressure to turn over advanced technology in exchange for near-term market access,” according to the report.

報告稱：“例如，近來通過的一項新能源汽車領域的政策令歐洲企業需以先進技術換取近期市場準入而面臨巨大壓力。”

Other measures that have been already implemented, such as subsiding local producers of battery-powered cars, are possibly in violation of China’s commitments to the World Trade Organisation, the EU Chamber said. However, foreign businesses fear WTO resolution may not be an option given the length of time the process takes and the potential for retaliation by China.

中國歐盟商會表示，其他已經實施的措施——比如補貼本土電池動力汽車生產商——可能違反了中國對世貿組織(WTO)的承諾。不過，外國企業擔心，將問題訴諸WTO來解決也許不是一個合適的選項，因爲整個流程耗時太久，而且中國有可能會報復。

On Sunday, at the opening of the NPC, China’s government appeared to react to criticism of its manufacturing plans, saying in a government work report: “Foreign firms will be treated the same as domestic firms when it comes to licence applications, standard-setting and government procurement, and will enjoy the same preferential policies under the Made in China 2025 initiative.”

上週日，在全國人大年會開幕時，中國政府似乎針對外界對其製造業計劃的批評作出了迴應，它在一份政府工作報告中稱：“在資質許可、標準制定、政府採購、享受《中國製造2025》政策等方面，對內外資企業一視同仁。”