中國氣候談判代表:發達國家未兌現援助承諾

A gap of at least $40bn in financing commitments is hampering efforts to combat climate change, signatories to the Paris agreement have warned, as they try to keep the agreement going in the face of doubts over US support under President Donald Trump.

巴黎協定簽約方警告稱，融資承諾方面至少達400億美元的缺口正在破壞應對氣候變化的努力。在外界對唐納德?特朗普(Donald Trump)治下的美國是否支持巴黎協定感到疑慮的背景下，各簽約方繼續努力推進該協定。

Disputes over who will foot the bill comes as the Trump administration’s energy secretary, Rick Perry, scuppered a joint statement about climate change at a G7 energy meeting in Rome this week.

在出現圍繞誰將埋單的爭議之際，特朗普政府的能源部長裏克?佩裏(Rick Perry)本週在七國集團(G7)羅馬能源會議上讓關於氣候變化的聯合聲明流產。

The Paris agreement to limit global temperature rises to under 2 degrees Celsius includes financial commitments from developed countries to help developing nations deal with climate change. Before its adoption it was agreed this amount should reach $100bn a year. However, it has been estimated that only $60bn has been committed so far.

力爭將全球升溫幅度限制在2攝氏度以下的巴黎協定中包括髮達國家幫助發展中國家應對氣候變化的財務承諾。在協定通過前，各方一致同意這一援助金額應達到每年1000億美元。然而，據估計迄今援助承諾只達到了600億美元。

Climate ministers from Europe, India, Brazil and South Africa have gone to Beijing in recent weeks, hoping to sustain momentum from the Paris talks despite the Trump administration’s dismantling of US regulations meant to limit American emissions. But discussions have quickly run up against the issue of financing.

歐洲、印度、巴西和南非的氣候部長們最近幾周前往北京，希望維持巴黎談判的勢頭，儘管特朗普政府廢除了旨在限制美國排放的法規。但談判很快遇到資金問題。

“Developed countries have not met their commitments. In their reports a lot of their commitment is in the form of development aid. That doesn’t meet the commitment to contribute to new funds,” China’s top climate change negotiator, Xie Zhenhua, told a briefing on Tuesday. “A lot of countries don’t want to chip in. I said to the European minister: that’s your problem as developed countries. It’s your responsibility to work together and sort it out.”

中國首席氣候談判代表解振華週二在記者招待會上表示：“發達國家沒有兌現承諾。在他們所報告的資金總量中有很多是發展援助資金，不符合《（聯合國氣候變化框架）公約》新的額外資金的原則要求。有些國家可能不願意出這個錢了。這件事我和歐盟氣候專員交換意見時講了，這件任務是發達國家的。發達國家內部要很好地協調，要兌現這個承諾。”

Mr Xie’s meeting with Miguel Arias Ca?ete, the European commissioner for climate action and energy, in Beijing two weeks ago involved “uncharted waters” regarding “differences in approaches to climate financing”, Mr Ca?ete told the FT in an interview after their meeting.

兩週前，歐盟氣候行動與能源專員米格爾?阿里亞斯?卡涅特(Miguel Arias Ca?ete)在北京與解振華舉行了會晤。卡涅特會後在接受英國《金融時報》採訪時表示，會晤談到了關於“氣候融資方式差異”的“未知水域”。

“We are seeing there is a country, the largest in the world, that has announced policies that means they will never reach their targets,” he said, referring to the US. “Now that the US will not play the role [of a major partner] we are obliged to intensify our efforts to develop the Paris agreement.”

他說：“我們看到，世界上最大的國家宣佈了意味着他們將永遠不會實現目標的政策。”他這裏指的是美國。“既然美國不扮演（主要合作伙伴的）角色，那我們不得不加大努力落實巴黎協定。”

Beijing has aligned itself with developing countries and does not count among contributors to the intended $100bn, although it has established a separate, $3.1bn “south-south co-operation fund”.

中國自認屬於發展中國家，因此不用爲1000億美元援助承諾出資，儘管它另外設立了31億美元的“南南合作基金”。

It views spending on infrastructure in developing countries as benefiting its own prowess in dam construction or wind turbine and solar panel manufacturing. Mr Xie said the scale of investment in equipment and infrastructure investment needed by 2030 would translate into “job opportunities”.

中國認爲，投資發展中國家的基礎設施會讓中國在大壩建設或風力渦輪機和太陽能面板製造方面的技能受益。解振華表示，到2030年所需的設備投資規模和基礎設施投資將帶來“就業機會”。

Meanwhile, red tape prevents funds that have been committed from flowing to developing counties, said Ravi Prasad, India’s minister for environment, forest and climate change, calling the $60bn in commitments “highly suspicious” since the sum included previously allocated funds including aid. “When we go behind the numbers we find there has been a reclassification of the bilateral flows,” Mr Prasad said.

與此同時，印度環境、森林和氣候變化部長拉維?普拉薩德(Ravi Prasad)表示，手續繁瑣讓承諾的資金很難流向發展中國家，他認爲已承諾的600億美元“極爲可疑”，因爲該數字包括早先已撥的資金，包括援助資金。普拉薩德表示：“當我們研究這些數字時，我們發現其中包括被重新分類的雙邊流動資金。”

Mr Xie said: “Enthusiasm isn’t the problem but there are some doubts. I believe other countries feel the same.”

解振華表示：“大家現在對氣候變化進程的熱情並沒有減，但是都有一些疑慮。”