酒精是世上最危險毒藥的十大理由(上)

Daily alcohol consumption has become a way of life for many people. From beer and wine to cocktails, alcoholic beverages are the drinks or choice at happy hours, formal dinners and recreational events. Alcohol in some form is often the "stress reliever" for people who want to relax and forget about the cares and worries of the day. After a hard day at work, it is not unusual for some people to head to bars or restaurants to drink away their sorrows with a group of coworkers while others prefer to go home and relax on the sofa with a glass of people cruise through life seemingly unaffected by their alcohol use while others sink into an abyss of alcohol addiction. Not only that, alcohol is a chemical that can damage the body to the point of disability and death. Although alcohol causes a myriad of problems, drinking is considered socially acceptable in part because it is legal. However, anyone who is considering drinking alcohol should pay close attention the following top 10 reasons why alcohol is the most dangerous substance in the world.

日常飲酒已成爲人們生活中的一種行爲習慣。無論在歡慶之時,還是正規晚宴,抑或單純消遣時光，啤酒、紅酒或者雞尾酒這些酒精飲品都可謂必備品！在一定程度上，酒就像一名壓力調解師，它可以幫助人們緩解並忘記工作或生活中的不快和憂慮。經過一天的辛苦勞作，與自己的同事去酒吧或飯館一醉方休的人不在少數，但也有些人，更喜歡獨自回家，於沙發上小憩，慢品一杯小酒。但生活中總有一羣人，飲酒卻不會上癮，可有些人卻深陷酒精泥潭不能自拔。酒精這種化學制劑，有害身體健康，輕則致殘，重則致死。儘管酒精會帶來這樣或那樣的問題，但飲酒仍是社交利器，因爲飲酒並不違法。然而不管是誰，只要你動了飲酒的念頭，敬請關注本文：酒精被稱爲世界上最危險物品的十個原因。

king Alcohol Can Lead to Financial Ruin

10.飲酒可致人傾家蕩產

Alcohol use can cause financial problems. A person who becomes addicted to alcohol will do just about anything to obtain the next drink. It is not unusual for an alcoholic to spend his or her entire paycheck on binge drinking. Social drinking in a festive environment can make one feel like the king or queen of the world, and in a moment of self-aggrandizement he or she might buy rounds of drinks for everyone–on the house. With the price of alcohol, it won't long to blow a paycheck on a night of throwing back drinks with friends and strangers. In fact there are people who will take advantage or an alcoholic's generosity by making him or her feel like the most important person in the room just to keep the drinks flowing. Spending excessive money on alcohol means that the bills don't get paid and children go without food, clothing and other essentials. It is not unusual for the alcoholic who neglects his or her family to end up alone and homeless. Additionally failing to meet other financial because of drinking impacts one's credit standing. Bills that are not paid on time lead to low credit scores. Low credit scores can affect the ability to get a job or a house and even when a person stops drinking it may take years to regain a good credit rating.

嗜酒成性的人，總會爲下一口好酒不顧一切。酒鬼們願意傾其所有來換一次短暫的飲酒狂歡，這數見不鮮。歡慶之時，爲社交而飲酒的各位，會有種世界唯我獨尊的錯覺，甚至某些人爲了逞一時之威，而獨自承擔到場嘉賓的全部飲酒費用。無論是和朋友還是和陌生人推杯換盞，都是你來買單，很快就會讓你身無分文。事實上，有些有心之人會讓酒鬼感覺自己就是這屋裏的大人物，目的是讓酒鬼繼續慷慨買單。倘若喝酒消費過多，可能導致還賬單的日期又將延後，孩子們的食物、衣服等必需品又將無法新購。所以，對拋家棄子的酒鬼們來說，最終淪落到無家可歸的境地，再合理不過。另外，酒鬼們能得到社會上的經濟支援也是很困難的，因爲他們的飲酒惡習，會影響他們的借貸信用譬如，拖延還賬，導致信用積分過低，信用積分過低又影響個人求職與購房。即使酒鬼終於放下了酒罐子，也要用很長時間才能恢復其良好信用度。

king Alcohol Can Lead to Chronic Health Problems

9.飲酒可致多種慢性疾病

Alcohol leads to chronic health conditions associated with poor nutrition. Obesity is the cause of several chronic conditions that result in a poor quality of life and death. Obesity has been linked to heart disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke and other diseases. Consuming large amounts of alcohol can pile on the calories. Everyone has heard of the infamous beer belly. While the beer may not be the total culprit, downing several beers of 150 calories each will certainly contribute to extra girth around the waist. Additionally, where there is beer drinking, there is usually a good amount of junk food or calorie laden food available. Drinking alcohol contributes to a lot of mindless eating even when a person is not hungry. Eating in this way piles on the pounds, especially when the individual consuming the extra calories leads a sedentary lifestyle. On the other hand, over consumption of alcohol leads to under nutrition for some drinkers.

由酒精引起的慢性疾病，多會導致人體營養失衡。肥胖症是由多種慢性疾病共同引發的，可能導致體能下降，情況嚴重時還會有生命危險。肥胖症會導致一些重症，如心臟病、癌症、糖尿病和中風等。同時，攝入大量的酒精還會增加自身的卡路里含量。想必大家都知道啤酒肚吧，但啤酒並不是啤酒肚的元兇，即使熱量低至150卡路里的啤酒，也會讓你的腰圍隨着飲酒量而慢慢膨脹。喝啤酒的同時，通常還會吃大量垃圾食品或高熱量食品，即使本來不餓的人，喝了啤酒後也會吃很多下酒菜。照這種吃法，會導致體重增加；如果你吃得多，還過着長期伏案需久坐的工作，體重增加更多。過度飲酒還會讓一些人營養不良。

The individual who binges on alcohol might forget to eat or may have more of an appetite for alcohol than food. As a result, the drinker can lose nutrients and minerals, leading to poor nutritional status. Excessive drinking can contribute to osteoporosis. Heavy alcohol use is said to interfere with calcium absorption. Calcium is essential not only for strong bones, but strong teeth, which means that heavy drinkers are also at risk for dental problems. The fact is that drinking alcohol leads to a host of costly health issues.

飲酒狂歡過後，人們可能會忘了吃飯，"酒胃"反而大開。而隨之而來的後果是，這些溺酒者缺少人體所需的營養物質，久而久之整個人的身體也就垮掉了。另外，過度飲酒還會引發骨質疏鬆因爲過高的酒精含量會影響人體對鈣化合物的吸收。我們都知道，鈣是骨骼和牙齒髮育的重要組成成分，所以飲酒過量通常也會對牙齒的正常生長造成影響。總之一句話，飲酒對我們身體的損害程度萬萬不容小覷，可別爲了一時的愛好而賠了身體哦！

king Alcohol can Lead to Premature Death

8.飲酒可致短命

Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to early death. From 2006 through 2010, 88,000 people died from heavy alcohol use and their lives were shortened by about 30 years. Heavy drinkers are at a higher risk for liver disease and heart disease. The heavy drinker who already has these conditions will find that alcohol consumption makes them worse. Drinking too much at one time can lead to sudden death from alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning is the result of overwhelming the body with alcohol. It is not unusual for young adults participating in recreational binge drinking to die from alcohol poisoning.

過度飲酒可致早亡。自2006年至2010年，8.8萬人死於過度飲酒，少活了約30年。酗酒者易患肝病和心臟病。有這類疾病的酗酒者則會因酗酒而加重病情。一次喝太多酒會因酒精中毒（人體所含酒精過量）而猝死。年輕人，特別是飲酒狂歡時，死於酒精中毒的情況也時有發生。

According to the Centers for Disease control, in the U.S. an average of six people die of alcohol poisoning each day. Three out of four deaths occur in adults with men being at the highest risk. A person suffering from alcohol poisoning or alcohol intoxication may exhibit the following symptoms: confusion, irregular breathing (several seconds between breaths), slow breathing, pale or blue-tinged skin, seizures, hypothermia, confusion and unconsciousness. Any of these symptoms observed in a person who drinks heavily could indicate alcohol poisoning. People who drink heavily may also sink into a deep depression that can lead to suicide. People who drink too much generally exercise poor judgment that leads to risky behaviors result in permanent disability or death. Unfortunately too many people observe their friends drinking to the point of being totally out of control while encouraging them to keep drinking or simply standing by passively without intervening.

據美國疾病控制中心的材料顯示，每天平均有6人死於酒精中毒，其中3/4爲成年男性。酒精中毒或醉酒的人可能有以下症狀：言語混亂，呼吸不規律（每次呼吸所用時間不同），呼吸緩慢，皮膚蒼白或泛藍，癲癇，體溫過低，大腦混亂，意識迷失等。飲酒過度的人，如有以上任何症狀，可能是酒精中毒了。過量飲酒的人，會陷入情緒低迷狀態，從而引發自殺。飲酒過量的人會判斷失誤，做出危險舉動致終身殘疾或死亡。不幸的是，很多人發現他們的朋友喝到情緒或行爲失控還會一直向朋友勸酒，或者在一旁看着朋友不停地喝酒，而不加勸阻。

king Alcohol Causes People to Lose Their Sensibilities

7.飲酒使人喪失敏感性

People who drink alcohol excessively they tend to throw common sense out the window or lose their inhibitions. They say things they would not usually say and may regret later. They also engage in behaviors that would be very embarrassing during times of sobriety. An intoxicated person may put his or her whole entire reputation or career on the line for one night of drinking. For example, people who get drunk may participate in high risk sexual activities such as having unprotected sex or engaging in sexual acts with multiple partners. The next day they may have no recollection of what happened. This not only puts the vulnerable person's reputation at risk but also exposes him or her to sexually transmitted diseases.

過度飲酒的人，容易把常識拋到九霄雲外或行爲舉止毫無顧忌如，說一些平常不會說或事後會後悔的話，做一些讓他們在清醒時會很尷尬的舉動。只因一夜狂飲，有的人可能就會將其一生的名譽或事業置於險境中。舉個例子，一個喝醉了的人極易與人發生一夜情，可能做愛無套或亂交。第二天，他們會忘了頭天晚上發生的所有事。這不僅是在拿不堪一擊的個人名譽冒險，還會有感染性病的危險。

Unwanted pregnancies can also occur when people engage in sex while drinking. It is not unusual for adolescents and adults to engage in criminal activity when drinking alcohol. Again, this is a case where inhibitions are may be lowered and an individual may feel a false sense of bravery that makes it easy for him or her to get involved in criminal behavior. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, for 40 percent of the persons in jail or prison for homicide, alcohol played a role in their crimes. In fact, alcohol is a factor in all types of violent crimes, including rape and aggravated assault. Anyone who becomes intoxicated with alcohol is at risk for committing crimes or becoming a victim of crime.

醉酒後做愛仍有意外懷孕的可能。不管是小青年還是成年人，酒後犯罪也時有發生。飲酒會讓人行爲毫無顧忌，有的人也會因酒誤判，對"勇敢"產生幻覺，借酒壯膽參與犯罪。美國司法部資料顯示，鋃鐺入獄的殺人犯中，有40%是在酒精的作用下走上犯罪道路的。事實上，在強姦、重傷害等暴力犯罪中，酒精可謂難辭其咎。醉酒或因酒精興奮的人，都有可能走上犯罪之路或成爲犯罪受害者。

king Alcohol Can Lead to Cirrhosis of the Liver

6.喝酒能導致肝硬化

Alcohol can lead to permanent organ damage. When most people think of organ damage associated with excessive drinking, cirrhosis of the liver comes to mind first. That is not unusual since alcohol is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the U.S. Cirrhosis of the liver can be fatal because damaged liver can no longer perform the essential processes necessary to keep the body functioning optimally. The liver is designed to work hard to keep the body healthy and from being overrun with poisonous substances. Cirrhosis affects the liver's ability to convert food into energy and prevent the organ from removing toxins from the body. The liver in people with cirrhosis contains scar tissue that reduces the flow of blood through the organ.

酒精可以對人體器官造成永久性的損傷。說起酗酒給身體器官帶來的傷害，大多數人第一時間聯想到的就是肝硬化。這很正常，因爲在美國，酒精就是造成人們肝硬化最常見的原因。肝硬化有可能危害到生命，因爲肝臟受損後不能繼續發揮原有身體機能作用，無法保持身體的最佳運行狀態。肝臟是實現保持人體健康、避免身體內的有毒物質氾濫成災的重要器官。肝硬化會抑制肝臟將食物轉化成身體必需的能量，並且降低肝臟清除體內毒素的能力。這是因爲肝硬化患者的肝臟有瘢痕組織，減少了流經肝臟的血液。

Heavy drinking and failing to consume enough healthy food are both factors in cirrhosis of the liver. People with cirrhosis of the liver usually experience symptoms like itching and swelling. It is harder for those with cirrhosis to fight off infections like a common cold and the flu. They may also suffer from impaired mental function that can lead to poor judgment. Those with cirrhosis may experience several symptoms including exhaustion, loss of appetite, nausea, weight loss, impotence, weakness and fatigue. With late stage cirrhosis, sufferers may experience jaundice, which is yellowing of the eyes, skin due to the buildup of bile, the fluid that the liver secretes to help with digestion of food. What is sad about cirrhosis of the liver from drinking is that the harmful effects may be avoided delayed if the person diagnosed with ceases drinking and lives a healthy lifestyle. However persons addicted to alcohol are generally not nearly as concerned with their personal health as they are about their next drink.

過量飲酒和攝入不足的健康食品，都是導致肝硬化的原因。患者通常會有瘙癢和腫脹症狀，並且這會使他們比常人更難抵禦一些傳染病，例如普通的小感冒或流感。不僅如此，患有肝硬化，還可能使心理機能受到損害，致使判斷力失常。肝硬化患者可能會出現疲憊、食慾不振、噁心、消瘦、陽痿、體虛和疲勞等症狀。肝臟可以分泌膽汁幫助消化，但膽汁的鬱積會引起黃疸，致使眼睛和皮膚髮黃，而肝硬化晚期會病變成黃疸。如果飲酒者在被診斷出患有肝硬化的時候就停止飲酒，輔以健康作息和飲食，肝硬化是可以避免繼續惡化的。而令人感到悲哀的是，酒鬼們一般更關心自己的下一頓酒，而非個人健康問題。

審校：假微信 編輯：Freya然 來源：前十網