酒精是世上最危險毒藥的十大理由(下)

king Alcohol Can Cause Birth Defects

5.飲酒可導致新生兒先天性缺陷

Alcohol can lead to birth defects. Pregnant women who drink put their unborn babies at risk for fetal alcohol syndrome. A woman is at risk of giving birth to a child with fetal alcohol syndrome if she drinks while l alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that affects the developing fetus when alcohol passes through the placental barrier. Experts indicate that drinking alcohol while pregnant is the leading cause of birth defects and developmental disability in the U.S. About 40,000 babies are affected by FAS every year. The effects of fetal alcohol syndrome include physical and mental disabilities, learning difficulties, behavioral issues and lifelong impairments that prevent individuals from reaching their full potential.

酒精可能引發新生兒的先天性缺陷。飲酒的孕婦，易使自己還未出生的寶寶患上胎兒酒精綜合症。如果懷孕了還喝酒，那這就是把自己的孩子置於患上胎兒酒精綜合症的危險之中。胎兒酒精綜合症，是酒精透過胎盤屏障影響生長中的胎兒的一種情況。專家指出，在美國，孕婦飲酒是導致嬰兒先天性缺陷和發育障礙最主要的原因。每年大概有40,000嬰兒患有胎兒酒精綜合症。胎兒酒精綜合症的症狀包括，生理和心理障礙，學習障礙，行爲問題和終身殘疾，這些都會影響一個人充分發揮其潛能。

Children suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome often have abnormal facial characteristics, stunted growth, brain damage, organ defects, problems paying attention and poor coordination. These children are also experience poor coordination and limited fine motor and gross motor skills. Fetal alcohol syndrome not only impacts the affected child, it takes a toll on society with billions being spent each year on services for children with FAS. Even if a woman stops drinking when she learns of her pregnancy, can still have a baby with FAS. Alcohol can affect the developing fetus very early. That is why any sexually active woman of childbearing age who is not using birth control should avoid alcohol. There is no cure for fetal alcohol syndrome, once the damage is done to a child, he or she must suffer for life. Abstaining from alcohol is the best practice for any woman who is at a stage of life where she may become pregnant.

患有胎兒酒精綜合症的兒童，通常會有面部特徵異常、發育遲緩、腦損傷、器官缺損、注意力不集中和肢體協調能力差等問題。這些孩子們還要經歷協調性障礙，像難以完成的精細動作和一些大動作的技能。不僅僅是患有胎兒酒精綜合症的兒童們受苦，社會每年還要支付數十億美元來爲這些兒童患者服務。即使飲酒的女性在得知她懷孕時停止攝入酒精，她生出的寶寶也有可能會患上胎兒酒精綜合症。酒精能在很早的時候就對胎兒的發育產生不良影響。所以說，性行爲頻繁卻未節育的育齡女性應該避免飲酒。胎兒酒精綜合症現在還沒有治癒的方法，一旦得了這種病，孩子必將一生受苦。戒酒對於育齡期女性來說，可謂明智之舉。

king Alcohol Can Increase Aggression

4.喝酒可能會引發暴力事件

Alcohol is often a factor in physical and sexual violence. Alcohol should never be used as an excuse for violence and is not the underlying reason for this behavior. However drinking can and does contribute to family violence orviolence against women and children. In the home, a person who physically abuses his or her spouse can become more aggressive when alcohol is involved. The individual who perpetrates the violence feels less inhibited, which results in an escalation of violent behavior toward a spouse or children. This can result in actions such as hitting, kicking, shoving, verbal abuse or the use of weapons like knives or guns. Children who are sexually abused are often the helpless victims of drunken adults.

酒精是引發身體暴力和性暴力中的一個因素。酒精不應該被當做是施行暴力的藉口，而且它也不是引發暴力行爲的根本原因。然而飲酒會促使家庭暴力的發生，或促使對婦女和兒童使用暴力。在家中，有家暴行爲的人，飲酒後對配偶的暴力行爲會加劇。醉酒者施行暴力會無所顧忌，從而引發對配偶和孩子的暴力行爲升級。這也就導致了毆打、踢、推搡、言語辱罵和使用刀槍器械等暴力行爲的發生。兒童常常會成爲醉酒的成年人性虐待的無辜受害者。

In these situations there may be a pattern of drinking and abuse that persists for years. Similarly alcohol is often a factor in violent acts toward other people including date rape and gang rape. Every year there are stories about young people being sexually assaulted by either trusted friends or strangers, and in many cases alcohol is a factor. On college campuses, a party where binge drinking occurs may lead to a student becoming vulnerable when he or she is observed as too drunk to be aware of what is happening. As a result one or more persons may decide to take advantage of the situation by having forced sex with the individual. When caught, the perpetrators try to make excuses such as "she wanted it," or he did not resist." It is obvious that an individual who is drunk is not in a position to consent to sex nor to defend themselves in such a situation.

酗酒和虐待已經存在好多年。同時酒精也是致使約會強姦和輪姦等暴力行爲的一個誘因。每年都會有很多年輕人，遭受自己信任的朋友或是陌生人性侵犯的案件發生，多數情況下酒精就是引發這類案件的一個因素。在大學聚會中，當別人覺得你喝了太多酒時，其實酒精早已讓你麻痹，對身邊發生什麼毫無知覺，容易成爲受害者。從而可能誘發有些人會利用這一狀況強迫他人發生性關係。當行兇者被抓時，他們會尋找藉口說"是她想要做的"或"當時他根本就沒有抵抗"。很顯然，一個人在醉酒的情況下，根本不具備認同與他人發生性行爲，或是自衛的能力。

king Alcohol can Lead to Fatal Vehicle Crashes

3.酒駕會造成致命交通事故

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2012, there were 10,000 people who died in alcohol related car crashes. Millions of people go to bars and attend social events where they drink heavily and then get in their cars and drive. The impaired judgment and invincibility that comes with drinking alcohol causes people to think that they can drive without problems. As a result, persons who drive while impaired end up in accidents where they injure or kill themselves and or others.

根據美國國家公路交通安全管理局統計，2012年有1萬人死於酒駕事故。數以百萬的人在酒吧或參加社交活動時大量飲酒，之後仍然繼續開車。飲酒會使人的判斷力降低，併產生無敵感，讓人認爲繼續開車根本沒有問題。因此，醉酒駕駛最終會引發事故，造成雙方間的傷亡和傷殘。

Alcohol alters depth perception as well as the skills necessary for operating a vehicle safely. When turning onto a busy highway, a drunk driver may not be able to judge the distance of an oncoming car when turning onto a busy highway. He or she may exceed safe speeds, drive the wrong way or veer off the road into crowded spaces. All of these actions put lives at risk. Getting arrested for driving while alcohol impaired is the beginning of a lengthy criminal record for many who choose to drink and drive. Regardless of the circumstances, a driving while impaired charge has repercussions. Those who are caught drinking and driving spend time in jail and pay thousands in court cost and fees. Assuming that a drunk driver has not killed or maimed anyone, regaining the privilege to drive often requires paying more fees and excessively higher insurance premiums. A person arrested for driving while impaired may also regain only restricted driving privileges. The criminal record that comes with drunk driving can impact the ability to get a job, purchase a home and live as a responsible citizen, making it difficult for the individual to function as a respected member of society.

酒精會徹底改變人知覺，以及安全駕駛所必須的技能。當車輛駛入車水馬龍的高速公路時，酒駕的司機根本無法及時判斷出迎面駛來的汽車的距離。他/她可能會超速駕駛、開錯方向、駛離道路，開入擁堵區。這些行爲都會危及到生命安全。一旦酒駕被記錄在案，其他犯罪行爲也會隨之而來。無論什麼情況下，酒駕都會帶來嚴重的影響。酒駕的人被拘捕後會關在監獄裏一段時間，同時還要向法院支付數千美元的訴訟費用。如果酒駕司機沒有造成人員傷亡和傷殘，那麼他可以繼續駕駛，並且只需賠償一些費用和額外高額的保險費。因酒駕被捕的人雖能重新獲得駕駛的權利，但酒駕的犯罪記錄會影響到當事人找工作、購買房屋和公民信用度，使他的聲譽很難被社會認可。

king Alcohol is a Gateway to Other Drug Use

2.酗酒是濫用其他毒品藥品的"跳板"

Alcohol is a known as a gateway drug. The term "gateway" refers to a situation where people get introduced to substance abuse by first using drugs that are easy to get. Gateway drugs are usually inexpensive and are readily available. This is what makes alcohol the drug of choice for many young people who are seeking a quick high and although it is not legal for persons under 21 to purchase, it is not difficult for young people to get alcohol by paying older friends, using fake identification cards or sneaking drinks from a parent's liquor cabinet or wine cellar.

酒，被稱爲誘導性毒品。"誘導"，意指人們在第一次使用過比較容易得到的毒品之後，會導致濫用毒品的情況。誘導性毒品一般比較便宜且非常容易得到。這就是爲什麼很多尋找刺激的年輕人選擇拿酒來消遣。雖然未滿21歲的人購買酒是不合法的，但是對於年輕人來說使用假身份證，或花錢找年長的人買酒這並不是什麼難事，有些年輕人甚至會從櫥櫃或者酒窖中偷父母的酒。

Young people who abuse alcohol are likely to abuse other drugs. The fact is that alcohol changes brain chemistry, leading to the desire for other drugs. Once young people get a taste of alcohol and become accustomed to the high from drinking, they often seek what they think is a better high through other drugs. Often when a young person takes his or her first drink, it is in an environment of recreational drug use where along with the alcohol, all types of drugs are available. These drugs may include marijuana, cocaine, meth as well as painkillers and other prescription drugs. As a result of combining these drugs with alcohol a young person may become addicted to several substances which begins a vicious cycle of addiction. In fact, some experts say that most young people between the ages of 12 and 17 who are heavy alcohol users also use illicit drugs. This is why it is imperative that young people not experiment with alcohol. One night of experimentation can lead to a lifetime of addiction.

惡意酗酒的年輕人，極有可能濫用其他毒品藥品。酒精會讓大腦產生一種化學物質，會讓人們有使用其他毒品藥品的慾望。一旦年輕人喝過酒，並且習慣了喝完酒後的興奮感，他們通常就會尋找那種通過使用其他毒品藥品後帶來的更加興奮的感覺。通常人們第一次喝完酒後，就會處於酒精和毒品帶來的快感之中，用完任何毒品都會有這種反應。這些毒品藥品包括大麻，可卡因，冰毒，止痛藥以及一些其他的處方藥。年輕人把這些毒品藥品和酒精混合使用，很可能會對其中的幾種物質上癮，並對依賴這些毒品藥品陷入惡性循環。事實上，一些專家說，大多數12到17歲的對酒有嚴重依賴的年輕人，也違法使用毒品。這就是爲什麼年輕人要遠離酒類，年輕人一旦沾酒，可能會終生上癮。

king Alcohol Can Ruin Your Life

1.酗酒會毀掉你的生活

Alcohol is dangerous because it has the power to change a person's life forever in the worst kind of way. The teenager who takes one drink on a dare and gets behind the wheel and has an accident where there are fatalities not only faces criminal charges, but may forgo any chance of attending college and enjoying the privileges and opportunities that come with being a carefree young adult. There are many former recovering alcoholics who live each day on the edge because they are afraid that the will relapse and start drinking again.

酒精非常危險，它可能以殘酷的方式永遠改變人們的生活。那些斗膽酗酒，並且酒駕發生車禍的青少年，最終不僅會面對刑事處罰，而且可能失去上大學的機會，失去享受基本權利的機會，失去一個無憂無慮的大學生該有的各種機會。有很多已戒酒的酗酒者，整天憂心忡忡，因爲他們害怕有一天意志垮掉，繼續酗酒。

When an alcoholic is willing to work hard at it, treatment can be successful, however, every day requires the recovering alcoholic to focus on one thing—not taking a drink. Not taking a drink when one is an alcoholic is in some cases like not being able to eat when hungry. This is how dangerously powerful alcohol is and no one is immune to its effects. Imagine drinking for several years, deciding to quit and being successful at staying sober. You rebuild your life, meet and marry a supportive spouse. You have a home, lovely children, a decent paying job and all seems to be going well. One day someone comes into your home and assaults you and your family to the appoint where you need hospitalization, burns down your home, steals your identity and runs up thousands of dollars of bills in your name. You are devastated. All that you have worked so hard for is now in shambles. That is the effect that deciding to take one drink can have on the alcoholic who for whatever reason decides to return to drinking. Once again after so much hard work to rebuild his or her life, the dangerous power of alcohol leaves the alcoholic's life and the life of his or her loved one's in shambles. Anyone who does not consume alcohol is better off leaving alcoholic beverages alone. Most people who start drinking think they have the knowledge and will power to limit the amount they drink. It is true that some people take a drink now and then and never encounter any of the earlier discussed problems. However no one knows for sure how he or she will react to that first drink. The result could be that one drink leads to a fatal accident or other life altering encounter. The first drink is often the gateway to the use of other harmful substances. There are people who are more prone to addiction than others due to genetics or other reasons. However sense no one knows prior to taking that first drink what the outcome will be, before experimenting with alcohol, the following questions should be asked? "Is this something I can live without, and am I willing to risk throwing my entire future away for a swig of an alcoholic beverage?"

當一個酗酒者決定戒酒時，治療會起作用。然而，這就需要他們每天集中精力做一件事——不酗酒。對於一個酗酒者來說，讓他滴酒不沾，就像是讓餓了的人不吃飯一樣。這就是酒精的魔力所在，並且很少有酗酒者能夠自已。試想一下：酗酒多年後，決定戒酒，並且能夠時刻保持清醒；你重塑了生活，遇見相伴左右的配偶並與之結婚；你有自己的家庭，有可愛的孩子，有體面的工作，一切看起來都是那麼稱心如意。但突然有一天，一個人來到你家，襲擊你和你的家人，致使你們需要住院治療；燒燬了你的家，毀壞你的聲譽，奪走你名下大把的錢。你遭受到了毀滅性的打擊。這一切你努力得來的現在都已化爲泡影。這些後果，都是決定戒酒後，又重新酗酒的酗酒者會遇到的情況。通過不懈努力重塑生活後，酒精的強大威力，又會使酗酒者及其深愛的家人的生活苦不堪言。不喝酒的人，最好遠離含有酒精的飲料。很多嘗試喝含酒精飲料的人認爲，他們有能力和毅力掌控好喝酒的度。不排除一些人喝酒只是偶然現象，他們也不會遇到任何一種之前所提到的問題。然而沒人能確定喝酒的人接下來的行爲——結果可能會是，因喝一次酒而發生致命的事故，或者其他會使生活出現大變故的事情。飲酒行爲通常會成爲使用其他有害物質的誘導因素。有一些人由於遺傳或者其他的原因，比其他人更容易上癮。然而，既然沒人知道喝酒所帶來的後果是什麼，在喝酒前，應該考慮以下問題：沒有酒，我能生存嗎？我是否願意用我的未來做賭注，來大飲特飲這些含酒精飲料？

審校：假微信 編輯：Freya然 來源：前十網