如何用英語表達“假如”？

Hypothetical situations are situations that we imagine. There are specific English grammar structures, phrases and forms to express hypothetical situations. Here are some examples of some hypothetical situations using a wide variety of forms.

假設情景是我們想象的情景。有特定的英語語法結構、短語和形式來表達假設情況。下面是一些使用各種形式表示假設情況的例子。

They would invest in R & D if they had the capital. - Conditional Form

If only we had enough time to take a vacation. - Partial conditional form / set phrase 'if only'

如果我們有足夠的時間去度假就好了。-部分條件形式/固定短語“if only”

It's time we improved our sales. - Set phrase 'it's time'

是時候我們該提高銷售量了。-固定短語“It's time”

I wish he lived here. - Verb 'wish' to express a desire

我希望他住在這裏。-表示願望的動詞“wish”

English uses conditional forms to express hypothetical situations.

英語使用條件形式來表達假設情況。

If they have time, they will come to the meeting.

如果他們有時間，他們會來開會的。

They would invest in R & D if they had the capital.

如果他們有資本，他們會投資於研發。

If Jack had taken the job, he wouldn’t have been satisfied.

如果傑克接受了這項工作，他就不會自滿了。

There are also a number of other forms to express hypothetical situations in English.

還有許多其他形式可以用英語表達假設情況。

If Only

要是...就好了

‘If only’ takes the same verb forms as ‘wish’. This form is used as a means of stressing the importance of the wish or hypothetical situation. The form is often also used with an exclamation point.

“if only”採用與“wish”相同的動詞形式。這種形式被用來強調願望或假設情況的重要性。這種形式也常加上感嘆號。

If only there were more job opportunities!

要是有更多的工作機會就好了！

If only Mary could work for us.

要是瑪麗能爲我們工作就好了。

If only our friends had time to take a vacation with us in Hawaii.

如果我們的朋友有時間和我們一起去夏威夷度假就好了。

‘If only’ can also be used with ‘would / wouldn’t’ to criticize another person.

“if only”還可以與“would/wouldn't”一起用於批判另一個人。

If only the boss would listen to my proposals!

要是老闆聽我的建議就好了！

If only Jeff would consider hiring Peter.

要是傑夫考慮僱用彼得就好了。

If only Susan wouldn't spend so much time online.

要是蘇珊不花那麼多時間上網就好了。

'If only' statements generally imply some sort of solution. Here are some of the example sentences with the implied solutions provided.

“if only”通常意味着某種解決方案。下面是一些帶有隱含解決方案的例句。

If only there were more job opportunities! - I could find a better job.

要是有更多的工作機會就好了！-我可以找到一份更好的工作。

If only Jeff would consider hiring Peter. - He's the perfect person for the job.

要是傑夫考慮僱用彼得就好了。-他是這份工作的最佳人選。

If only Susan wouldn't spend so much time online. - It can't be healthy for her.

要是蘇珊不花那麼多時間上網就好了。-對她來說不這樣是不健康的。

It’s Time

該...的時候到了

Use ‘it’s time’ with the past simple to talk about an action which finally is taking place, or should take place soon. It always refers to an action or state that should have taken place before the moment of speaking.

用“It's time”和一般過去時討論一個正在發生，或應該很快發生的活動。它是指一種應該在說話之前就發生的行爲或狀態。

It’s time you began working on your own.

現在是你開始自己工作的時候了。

It's time we changed to a new internet service provider.

我們該換個新的互聯網服務提供商了。

It's time they grew up!

他們該長大了！

Variations on ‘It’s Time’

關於‘It’s Time’的時間變體

Here are some common variations on ‘it’s time’ which have the same meaning:

以下是一些常見的“時間”變體，它們具有相同的含義：

It’s about time…

該...的時間到了

It’s high time…

該...的時間到了

It’s high time she took a shower!

她該洗澡了！

It's about time we left for the meeting.

我們該去開會了。

Would Rather

寧願

There are two uses of ‘would rather’ to express hypothetical situations:

“would rather”表示假設情況有兩種用法：

Would Rather + Base Form of Verb

Would Rather + 動詞原形

Use ‘would rather’ + the base form of a verb to talk about our preferences in the present or the future:

使用動詞的基本形式“would will”+來討論我們現在或將來的偏好：

He’d rather his employees work less overtime.

他寧可讓他的僱員少加班。

I'd rather leave now.

我寧願現在就走。

Jack would rather take a different approach.

傑克寧願採取不同的方法。

In each of these cases, the phrase with 'would rather' shows that another action is taking place than the preferred action of the subject of the sentence.

在每一種情況下，帶有“would rather”的短語都表示正在進行另一個動作，而不是句子主語的首選動作。

Would Rather + Past Perfect

Would Rather + 過去完成時

Use ‘would rather’ + past perfect to express hypothetical situations in the past:

使用‘would rather’ +過去完成時表示過去的假設情況：

They’d rather they hadn’t spent so much on the marketing campaign.

他們寧願在營銷活動上不花那麼多錢。

Mary would rather she had chosen a different position.

瑪麗寧願選擇一個不同的職位。

Wish

希望

We use ‘wish’ to talk about situations we’d like to change. In this sense, ‘wish’ is very similar to the second or third conditionals because it poses an imaginary situation.

我們用“wish”來談論我們想要改變的情況。在這個意義上，“wish”與第二或第三個條件非常相似，因爲它構成了一個假想的情況。

Wish for Present Situations

對於現在的情況的希望

When we are wishing for a change in a present situation, we use ‘wish’ plus the simple past.

當我們希望改變現狀時，我們用“wish”加上一般過去時。

The director wishes he could attend the presentation.

主任希望他能參加發佈會。

They wish he concentrated more on his work and less on his hobbies.

他們希望他多關注工作，少關注業餘愛好。

Wish for Past Situations

對於過去情況的希望

When we are speaking about a past situation in a present moment, we use ‘wish’ plus the past perfect.

當我們現在談論過去的情況時，我們使用“wish”加上過去完成時。

Janet wishes she had applied for a new position.

珍妮特希望她申請了一個新職位。

We wish you had seen the opportunity in time.

我們希望你能及時看到這個機會。