2020年11月CATTI一筆真題及答案【漢譯英】

漢譯英
原文出處：
http://news.sdnews.com.cn/gn/201406/t20140612_1637593.html

2014年6月11日，中共中央政治局常委劉雲山訪問丹麥期間，參加了“歐洲學者眼中的中國共產黨國際研討會”並發言，主辦方是丹麥哥本哈根商學院和中國當代世界研究中心。李世默在研討會上做了題爲“從全球視角看中國研究的新動向和中共形象的新變化”的發言。
 
譯文出自：（以下版本稍有調整，僅供參考）
http://arch.cssn.cn/hqxx/xkdt/xkdtnews/201406/t20140613_1209933_1.shtml
現代西方的中國學研究大致經歷了兩個代際的變化。第一代是歷史主義流派，第二代是意識形態流派。當代西方對中國的認知，不論是學術界或大衆媒體，都深受這兩大代際流派的影響。
In the modern era, Chinese studies in the West have gone through two main generations: the generation of the historic school and the generation of the ideological school. Contemporary Western perceptions and understanding of China, in both the academic world and popular press, have been informed by the methods and aims of these two schools.
 
現代中國學研究的第一代，可以追溯到20世紀初。他們用歷史主義的語境研究中國，研究方法深受傳統文化影響，研究領域涵蓋了中國的政治、歷史、社會狀況和中國歷史上重要的領袖人物。
The first generation has guided the world’s understanding of China since the early 20th century. They seek to study China in a historical context. Their methods are deeply cultural. Their studies encompass China’s politics, historical and social conditions, and the personalities who drove China’s history.
 
中國學的第二代，始於1989年，在後冷戰時代的意識形態狂熱中誕生。這一時期的研究，陷入自由民主或專制獨裁的意識形態兩元對立。在研究取向上，強調政治立場先行和意識形態掛帥，目的只有一個，即證明中國的政治制度必然崩潰。可惜，這一代流派的研究一再被中國成功發展的事實證僞，備受質疑。
The second generation materialized after 1989 in the context of the post Cold War ideological fervor. The entire school was defined by the ideological dichotomy between liberal democracy and authoritarianism. The aim of their studies carried an overtly political and ideological agenda - to prove the Chinese political system is on an inevitable course towards eventual collapse. This school has been largely discredited by facts on the ground and their impact on the future will be limited at best.
 
第三代中國學發端於新的形勢背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。這一代流派的演進，將推動中國學從基礎結構上發生轉型，並使世界對中國的認知產生決定性影響。這對中國共產黨來說意義深遠，作爲中國政治治理模式的核心。
A third generation is emerging. This new generation is approaching China with new methods and different aims within different contexts. This development has placed the fundamental frameworks of Chinese studies in transition. How this evolves will have decisive impacts on the world’s interpretations of China.
 
最近幾十年來，中國全方位快速崛起，全球政治、歷史、經濟研究的頂尖人士，紛紛聚焦中國，希望探究這一歷史重大事件的深遠含義。這個羣體不再象前兩代那樣限於中國通，而是來自各個領域。
With the dramatic rise of China in all aspects of its national power in recent decades, some of the brightest minds in political science, history, and economics are beginning to examine closely what it all really means. Many of them are no longer China experts but generalists.
 
一個趨向可以稱爲實證派，即以收集客觀數據爲基本研究方法，從歷史和現在的角度客觀分析中國的治理模式。
A much more interesting emerging trend is the empirical school. In this approach, the methods center around empirical data and the aim is the objective understanding of Chinese governance in both historic and contemporary contexts.

注：本文轉自公衆號【ID:譯介】