託福寫作 獨立寫作“三選一”類型題目，到底怎麼寫?
託福寫作中，三選一類型的題目頻繁出現，讓很多同學不知所措。今天，我們就來看一下，這種類型的題目在寫作中，都有哪些常見的誤區，和應該如何破題。
託福寫作|獨立寫作“三選一”類型題目，到底怎麼寫?
我們以這道三選一的題目爲例，進行分析：
Which do you think is the most important factor that affects the lasting time of a friendship?
1. helping each other in crisis
2. having similar interests
3. trusting each other completely
你認爲哪個是影響友誼長久的最重要因素?
1. 在危機中互相幫助
2. 有共同興趣愛好
3. 完全信任彼此
我們來看一位同學如何展開這篇作文的：
他選擇的是“2. 有共同興趣”
理由1：有共同興趣，可以經常在一起做喜歡的事
理由2: 有共同興趣，可以互相理解
乍一看，是不是覺得挺對很有道理呀?這樣寫，對於目標22以上的學生，其實是沒太大問題的，但是如果你期望自己寫作至少26分以上，獨立寫作拿到good，那就有問題了!
大家觀察一下，這樣的題目，除了明顯的從三擇一這個特點，還有什麼特徵呢?
注意，此題中有 “most important” 這樣一個絕對詞，而類似的題目中，也都有best, most useful 等等的關鍵詞。所謂most，best，學過小學英語的同學都知道，這是形容詞最高級，最高也就意味着有得有比較。
也就是說，我選了2，還得提1和3，對嗎?
對!!!
好，接下來，不少同學又犯難了。我覺得3個選項都挺好的，我找不出2同時比1和3都好的兩個理由呀?
這個時候怎麼辦呢?的確，很多時候，我們很難找到2-3個理由來說明我們所選擇的同時要優於其他兩個選項。但是退而求其次，我們可以理由段展開時，先寫“2比1重要”寫一段，再寫“2比3重要”再來一段，這樣就可以既符合題目要求，又降低寫作的難度啦。
比如，再這個題目中，我們可以寫：
1. 有共同興趣比在危機中互相幫助重要。因爲如果有共同興趣，可以經常在一起;而危機可能很少會碰到，即使危機中互相幫助過，時間久了也就慢慢淡忘了。
2. 有共同興趣比完全信任彼此重要。有共同興趣，纔能有共同語言，互相理解;如果只是完全信任，但卻話不投機，最終並不能長久。
哈哈，不知這樣講解之後?大家的思路是不是打開了一些呢?下面附上近期的三選一寫作題目，供大家多多練習，打開思路!
10.28
Which is the most important thing for a country's leader to assure the prosperity of the country:
1. Creating more jobs for unemployed workers
2. Enhancing agriculture and lowering the food prices
3. Increasing access to affordable housing
10.27
Which do you think is the best way for a student to make friends:
1. joining a sports team
2. participating in community activities
3. travelling
9.16
People nowadays are busier than ever in work and school. They want to spend more time to learn new things. Which one will you choose to learn?
1. Learn a new sport that you have never played before
2. Learn to cook food that you haven’t prepared before
3. Learn to make something by hand, like clothing or jewelry
3.31
People in communities can make decisions that protect and improve the natural environment. Which ONE of the following three actions is MOST useful for people to do if they want to help the environment in their local community? Why?
1. Planting trees and create parks
2. Persuading local shops to stop providing plastic bags to customers
3. Increasing access to public transportation (for example, buses or trains) to reduce the number of automobiles on local roads
3.10
Which one is the most important factor to help you work productively?
1. Having an environment which is free of noise and distractions.
2. Knowing that you will receive a reward.
3. Doing something you are interested in.
1.27
Which one of the reason is most important in helping students to study in colleges and universities?
1. Having access to the university tutors who can provide individual instructions for the students who have difficulty in study.
2. Having the help and encouragement from the family and friends.
3. Having excellent teachers in high-school who can help the students before the university.
怎樣才讓你的託福寫作更出彩
因此在論證完整充分的情況下如何使我們的託福寫作作文中體現多樣性成了託福寫作獲得高分的一個關鍵。
在託福的教學中，常常會聽到學生抱怨不知該如何寫好一篇作文。過去半年，託福的大作文話題相對集中，一些考生在考試時信心十足，認爲自己字數足夠、思路清晰、論據完整充分，應該能拿到高分。但成績一出來，卻不盡如人意，沒有預期中好。於是他們產生了疑問，到底怎麼樣才能讓考官給高分?經過對評分標準所提的要求的分析後，才發現原來自己的不足是在多樣性上。衆所周知，託福寫作的四個評分標準中Grammatical Ranges and Accuracy, Lexical Resources充分體現了託福寫作的基礎點也是加分點爲詞彙和語法的多樣性。本文將對此進行討論並提出關於如何做到託福寫作多樣性的一些建議。
1. 詞彙語法多樣性的體現
1). 詞性的多樣性。
有調查指出，中國學生在作文中最常出現的詞性爲動詞，因爲我們腦中時刻緊記着以前語文老師要求的只有用動詞才能寫出生動的文章，才能體現我們的博覽羣書。然而英語(論壇)中卻不盡然。通過對大多高分範文的分析，不難發現，除了動詞詞組的運用，各種的名詞的使用更得考官的青睞，更能體現外國人的文風。拿小作文的發展趨勢做例子，大家都知道增加、降低等動詞的表達，如increase steadily, decrease sharply等，但轉換一種方式用名詞的形式表達，就更顯得多樣了,如experience a steady increase, undergo a sharp decrease。而如"surface"一詞，學生經常只會用它的名詞用法“......的表面”，卻從來不用它的動詞形式。如果你留心原版雜誌和閱讀材料,它的動詞用法無處不在。例如"The fact of his plan surfaced"這裏的"surface"就相當於 "appear"。所以不管什麼詞性，只要用了不能的表達方法，其結果都是不同的。當然是指正確的表達方法。
2). 同義詞多樣性。
在寫作中，如果一個相同的詞在250字的文中出現了不下三次，那麼作爲學生自己，也會覺得自己的文章沒有可看性，更別提考官，可見此學生語言功底一般，又怎麼拿得到高分。而如果一篇文章，關於同個詞卻有三四中表達方法，無疑給這篇文章加分不少。其實同義詞也是展現一個學生英語水平的一個媒介。中國學生最常用的形容詞就是good, 不管是修飾什麼名詞，用上再說，殊不知這已經給這篇文章打了個相對低的起評分，所以如何來表達不同的“好”呢?我們就可以用excellent, marvellous, gorgeous, splendid, wonderful等。再如不要一想到“越來越多”就用 “more and more” 嘗試用 “an increasing number” 這樣不同的詞來表達，勢必會給平淡的文章增添亮點。
3). 句式結構的多樣性
用豐富多彩的句型，也是託福寫作能得高分的標準之一。例如有這樣一個句型："If we don't recognize the..."我們是否可以替換爲："Failure to recognize..."，再如 “sth. happened in 1998.” 我們也可以替換爲 “1998 saw sth happening.” 這樣顯得更加的地道。此處還推薦學生能用不同的從句寫出漂亮的句子，爲文章加分。當然，這並不是意味着整篇文章都是複合句或並列句，如果能很好的做到長短句結合，使文章通順連貫，也是能得到考官喜歡的。
2. 幾點建議
在簡單介紹了詞彙語法多樣性的體現後，我將提出幾點建議，促進考生在備考中做好準備。
1). 做好詞彙短語的積累工作。很多考生有這樣一個誤區，他們認爲只要背了某些參考書上所謂的模板，再積累些論據，寫作的問題就迎刃而解了，殊不知，卻得到了本文開始的結果。當然這裏的積累並非死記硬背，而是通過將一個單詞的不同形式，以及其同義表達等放在一起記憶就事半功倍。若遇到一個新詞，就要在腦中搜尋它的相關信息，這樣一來，就能在考試這麼短的時間中馬上浮現了。但是一次的記憶是遠遠不夠的，所以適時的重複記憶也非常重要。
2). 多看高分範文，並對其中的詞彙句型多樣性進行總結。考生在備考過程中看範文時往往只是從整體上學習了其論據的安排，而忽略了細節的詞彙句型的運用，所以教師在上課時也要合理安排時間，將一部分用在對其的講解上。學生最好準備一本筆記本專門用做記錄好詞好句和其轉換形式。
3). 加強練習。經常有學生問，作文提高是不是隻要多寫幾篇就可以了，其實答案是否定的。我這裏所指的加強練習是在一定的基礎之上的，即學生已經基本掌握了託福寫作的各項要求。那麼這樣練習纔能有的放矢。通過幾次的練習，能檢查出學生多樣性的掌握情況，並對症下藥，瞭解不足處，在真正考試中能突圍而出。
託福寫作向來是托福考試四項中最難的，最能體現考生語言功底的，而詞彙與句型的多樣性正是它具體的體現。寫作和閱讀慼慼相關，也建議學生能多閱讀外文雜誌報紙，原著等，在閱讀時，要注意外國人是如何遣詞造句的，尤其是詞性用法的多樣性。希望教師和考生們共同努力，將寫作水平拉上一個檔次。
託福寫作必知的一般規則及常識
1.直接引語中，句首字母要大寫。例如：“Then，”I said，“You havebeen making a mistake，and the letter is not in the apartment.”“那麼，”我說，“你準弄錯了。這封信並不在那棟房子裏。”
2.星期、月份名稱的第一個字母要大寫，但季節第一個字母不大寫。例如：Sunday星期天，August八月，winter冬天，spring春天。
3.一些大型節日名稱的第一個實詞的第一字母都要大寫。如：Children‘s Day兒童節，National Day國慶節， Teachers’ Day教師節。
4.由普通名詞構成的專有名詞詞組，除其中的冠詞、較短的介詞和連詞外，每個詞的第一字母都要大寫。例如：the Great Wall長城，the UnitedStates美國。
5.大型會議、文件、條約名稱的每個實詞(虛詞：副詞、介詞、連詞、助詞、嘆詞和擬聲詞則不用大寫)的第一個字母都要大寫。書名、報刊名應大寫首字母，文章標題中的每一個實詞的第一個字母要大寫。
如：China Daily《中國日報》，New York Times《紐約時報》，Their Class《他們的班級》(文章標題)，the Warsaw Treaty《華沙條約》， 實例：English Coaching Paper《英語輔導報》。
6.詩歌的每一行的第一個單詞的第一個字母要大寫。
7. 表示稱呼語或職務的詞首字母要大寫。實例：Mr Green格林先生， Dr Li李博士
託福寫作範文：人們購買東西是出於虛榮而非需求，是否認同?
寫作題目
Do you agree or disagree with the statement: People often buy products not because they really need them but because other people have them. 人們買一些東西並不是出於需求，而是因爲其他人也擁有它們，是否認同?
寫作範文
In recent decades, international trades and improving living standards have largely contributed to the large scale of purchase of products. The reason behind this commercial behaviors either comes from individual’s needs for them or from envy of those who have already possessed them. From my perspective, the essential motive behind the scene would be for individual purposes.
Admittedly, people would sometimes buy the products because friends or classmates have them. it is not rare to see that after a high school studens has bought a newly-released iPad and bring it to the class, other friends would be at first gathering around him to witness how the product runs and then beg their parents to buy the one for them. For them, buying the newest generation iPad might bring them attention from others, which has nothing to do with the functionality of product. However, on balance, this only happens for within a small number of people, especially young students and women. For other consumers, they would be wise in choosing what they want. In this regard, more people are buying products out of their needs.
To begin with, for college students, they are inclined to buy what they really want. In other words, due to limited living expenses monthly, most of them could not buy whatever they want. According to the recent survey conducted on Sina Weibo, after polling 500 students in universities from Beijing, most of them claim that each month they have to manage their living expenses within 1500 yuan. Not only does this sum of money have to cover meal bills, clothing and fees for textbooks, but it also have to deal with emergencies. Under this circumstance, normally they have to make a plan for money use, and try to avoid buying things with little practical use. This explains why college students in Beijing rarely buy the newest generation of iPhone or pay for monthly travel, and they have to put the money either on textbooks or living necessities.
In addition, male adults are another group of consumers who make purchase based on real needs. For example, for those who decide to buy a car, the motive is mostly because the car could help family member to tackle emergencies or drive them to the suburb for a relaxing weekend. Also, for those who decide to equip with a new Macbook, the motive might have something to do with work requirement, which asks them to process the data faster and more accurately. Moreover, for those who deicide to spend money on applying for MBA in business school, the motive might be related to career development. A wider caree insight cultivated from MBA would give them a broader window of success in the work. Seeing from this, it is the utilitarian purpose that makes male adults buy real products.
To sum up, although it is normal to see some customers making impulsive purchase since, most of the rational customers would buy products out of their needs.
託福寫作|獨立寫作“三選一”類型題目，到底怎麼寫?
