高一英語必考知識點
高一是初高中的過渡時期,在高中的起始階段對學生英語聽力能力培養的重要性具有非凡的意義。高一英語有哪些必考知識點呢?接下來本站小編爲你整理了高一英語必考知識點，一起來看看吧。
it的概念：
it可用作人稱代詞、指示代詞、先行詞及引導詞等。
it 的用法：
1、it可指天氣、溫度、時間、距離等 。
如：It is cold today, isn't it?
2、用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物。
如：The dog is not acold-blooded animals. It doesn't need to hibernate.
3、爲避免重複，it可用來代替前面說過的短語或句子。
如：I tried to persuade my father to give up smoking, but found it impossible. (it=to persuade my father to give up smoking)
4、代替指示代詞this，that。
如：—What's this?
—It's an album.
—Whose new bike is that?
—It's Mary's.
注：it與one，that的區別：
it=the(this, that)+名詞，特指並且代替前面所提到的某特定事物。
如：He's bought a new car, so he drives it everywhere to show ito ff.
one=a+名詞，one指前面提到的同類事物中的不同的另一個。
如：He needs a computer, but he can't afford one.
that=the+名詞，that指代的名詞與前面的名詞屬於同一類，但不屬同一個。
如：The population of China is larger than that of Japan. that指代population，但其後有一個of短語作定語，以區別於the population of China。
注：it與that的異同：
it指同一事物，that指同類但並不是同一事物。
如：I like the climate of Kunming more than that of Beijing.
The climate of Kunming is mild, and I like it.
5、It/This/That+be+the first(second, third...) time+that-clause 這個句型表示截止到說話時爲止的某人的一種經歷，關鍵是注意time前有序數詞，主句是一般現在時is時，從句要用現在完成時;如果主句用一般過去時was時，則從句須相應地用過去完成時。
如：This is the first time(that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
It was the fifth time(that) I had paid a friendly visit to America.
6、在一些相對固定的詞組中，沒有特殊含義，經常不翻譯。
如：He's never really made it as an actor. 作爲演員，他從未獲得過真正的成功。
It is my turn. 輪到我了。
強調句中的it：
可以用來改變句子結構，使句子的某一成分得到強調：
1)強調句的基本句型it's/was+被強調成分+that/who+其他成分
原句：I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
強調主語：It was I that/who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
強調賓語：It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.
或：It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.
強調地點狀語：It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.
強調時間狀語：It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.
2)強調句的一般疑問句型Is/Was+it+所強調部分+that/who...?
如：Was it you that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
3)強調句的特殊疑問句型疑問詞+is/was+it+that/who...?
如：Who was it that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
【注】強調句與主語從句雖然在形式上很相似，即都含有it is(was)。但，區別在於：強調句去掉it is(was)…that之後，句子結構仍然完整，而主語從句卻不能這樣。
如：(It is)our hope(that) the two sides will work towards peace.
解析：去掉It is…that之後，句子是不成立的。由此得出該句不是強調句，而是一個簡單的主語從句，it是形式主語，從句是真正的主語。
高一英語必考知識點：冠詞冠詞分爲不定冠詞(a, an)，定冠詞(the)，和零冠詞。
I. 不定冠詞的用法
1 | 指一類人或事，相當於a kind of | A plane is a machine that can fly. |
2 | 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 | A boy is waiting for you.有個男孩在等你。 |
3 | 表示“每一”相當於every，one | We study eight hours a day. |
4 | 表示“相同”相當於the same | We are nearly of an age. |
5 | 用於人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質的人或事 | — Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here. A.不填 That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷鋒） |
6 | 用於固定詞組中 | a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time |
7 | 用於quite, rather, many, half, what, such之後 | This room is rather a big one. |
8 | 用於so(as, too, how)+形容詞之後 | She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. |
9 | 用於抽象名詞具體化的名詞前 | success(抽象名詞)→a success(具體化) 成功的人或事 a failure失敗的人或事 a pity a good knowledge of精通掌握某一方面的知識 |
II. 定冠詞的用法
1 | 表示某一類人或物 | In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the |
2 | 用於世上獨一無二的事物名詞前 | the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean |
3 | 表示說話雙方都瞭解的或上文提到過的人或事 | Would you mind opening the door? |
4 | 用於演奏樂器 | play the violin, play the guitar |
5 | 用於形容詞和分詞前表示一類人 | the reach, the living, the wounded |
6 | 表示“一家人”或“夫婦”（對比上文的不定冠詞用法5） | —Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please? |
7 | 用於序數詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前 | He is the taller of the two children. |
8 | 用於國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川羣島的名詞前 | the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French |
9 | 用於表示發明物的單數名詞前 | The compass was invented in China. |
10 | 在逢十的複數數詞之前，指世紀的某個年代 | in the 1990’s(二十世紀九十年代) |
11 | 用於表示度量單位的名詞前 | I hired the car by the hour. |
12 | 用於方位名詞，身體部位名詞 | He patted me on the shoulder. |
III. 不用冠詞(又名零冠詞)的用法
1 | 專有名詞，物質名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前 | Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air |
2 | 名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 | I want this book, not that one. / |
3 | 季節，月份，星期，節假日，一日三餐前 | March, Sunday, National Day, spring |
4 | 表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前 | Lincoln was made President of America. |
5 | 表示球類，棋類等運動的名詞前 | He likes playing football/chess. |
6 | 與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前 | We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the |
7 | 以and連接的兩個相對的名詞並用時 | husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night |
8 | 表示泛指的複數名詞前 | Horses are useful animals. |
規則名詞的複數形式：名詞的複數形式，一般在單數形式後面加-s或-es(參看有關語法書)。英語裏有些名詞的複數形式是不規則的，請看下錶
規 | 例 | ||
1 | 改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式 | man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice | |
2 | 單複數相同 | sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species | |
3 | 只有複數形式 | ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents | |
4 | 一些集體名詞總是用作複數 | people, police, cattle, staff | |
5 | 部分集體名詞既可以作單數（整體）也可以作複數（成員） | audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party | |
6 | 複數形式表示特別含義 | customs(海關), forces(軍隊), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟) | |
7 | 表示“某國人” | 加-s | Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans |
單複數同形 | Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese | ||
以-man或-woman結尾的改爲-men,-women | Englishmen, Frenchwomen | ||
8 | 合成名詞 | 將主體名詞變爲複數 | sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends |
無主體名詞時將最後一部分變爲複數 | grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches | ||
將兩部分變爲複數 | women singers, men servants | ||
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