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【雅思備考】雅思聽力中的口語經之六:流利度與連貫性(一)

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在平時的課堂練習中經常發現好多學員的口語答案聽起來支離破碎,究其原因,往往是因爲對問題沒有足夠的想法而無話可講;有的甚至爲了追求詞彙語法100%準確,而在回答過程中頻繁重複,長時間停頓;要麼就是思路天馬行空,想到哪說到哪…總之完全失去了流利度和連貫性——這其實是一種本末倒置,得不償失的做法,因爲流利度與連貫性(fluency & coherence)是雅思口語最爲重要的一項評分標準,也就是說考官最看重考生的一項能力就是——是否可以在回答各部分問題時,基本保持流暢並且邏輯清晰。在本文中老師將詳細探討一下如何巧妙利用劍橋聽力中的原文,來提高我們口語的流利度與連貫性。

【雅思備考】雅思聽力中的口語經之六:流利度與連貫性(一)

其實,在口語表達中體現出連貫性並不複雜,往往就是通過合理地使用連接成分(discourse markers),使得我們的答案聽起來更加有邏輯性。但是因爲中英文語言表達上的差異,很多烤鴨們在下意識地做“中翻英”時,就忽略了連接成分的使用,結果,雖然語法沒有問題,但回答聽起來就像是用生硬的中文拼湊起來的。那麼,接下來我們就向地道的劍橋聽力原文來取取經,看看如何表達才能更加連貫。

Part 1 中的連貫性:

【聽力真題】

【7-1-1】

…..

Woman:  
Man:
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Woman:
Man:
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Woman:  
Man:
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Woman:  
Man:
Woman:
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Woman:
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Woman:  

Oh, good morning. Um, I’m flying to Toronto Airport next week, and I need to get to a town called um, Milton.  Could you tell me how I can get there.

Milton, did you say? Let me see, I think that’s about 150 miles southwest of there. In fact it’s 147 miles to be exact, so it’ll take you at least –say, thee to four hours by road.

Right. Well, I don’t really want to drive myself, so I’d like more information about public transport.

Ok. In that case the quickest and most comfortable is a cab and of course

there are always plenty available.  But it’ll cost you. You can also take a

Greyhound bus or there’s an Airport Shuttle Service to Milton. Oh, that doesn’t sound too bad, especially if it’ll take me to the hotel.

But you need to reserve a seat.

…, just me, please.

Right. And you said your expected time of arrival was 11.30?  so if I book your

Shuttle for after 12.00—let’s say, 12.30: that should give you plenty of time to, you know, collect your baggage, maybe grab a coffee?

Yeah, that sounds fine, as long as we land on time!

Yes, that’ll be fine, provided I can book the return trip once I’m there.

Anyway, the address is 24, Kithchener Street- that’s KITHENER Street…..
 
【相關點評】

以上是劍橋7 test 1 Section1的部分原文,其中頻繁出現了大量常見的口語連接詞以及連接短語,它們所表現的邏輯關係包括了並列,轉折,總結,讓步,假設,強調等等。雖然每個回答的內容都不長,可是邏輯關係卻都很清晰。我們發現雅思聽力section1當中,無論是場景還是詞彙句型的使用,甚至包括大部分問題的回答長度都與雅思口語part1的內容和要求比較符合。所以大家在籌備口語part1部分時,聽力section1就能起到很好的參考作用,尤其是其中的連接成分,可以立馬提高我們口語的連貫性。

【利用指數】★★★★★

Part 2中的連貫性:

【聽力真題】

【7-2-2】

Thank you calling the Tourist Line.  There are many different ways of getting round the city and we’d like to suggest some you may not have thought of….

How about a city trip by boat?  There are four main stopping points—from west to east:….

You can find the main booking office at stop A….

The first boat leaves at 8a.m. and the last one at 6.30p.m.  There are also many attractions you can visit along the river. At stop A, if you have time, you can visit the fine 16th century palace here built for the king with its beautiful formal gardens….

Stop B why don’t you visit Tower Restaurant with its wide range of refreshments?  This is a place where you can sit and enjoy the wonderful views over the old commercial and banking centre of the city.

Stop C is the area where, in the first century AD, invading soldiers crossed the river….

At furthest point of the trip, stop D, the most exciting place to visit is the new Entertainment Complex with seven- screen cinema, bowling alley and video games arcade.

Besides the boat tours, there are city buses. Two companies offer special services:….

【相關點評】

以上是劍橋7 test2 section 2 的部分原文,這個section的場景是關於旅遊的,主要是對幾個景點的講解,除了一些常見的連接詞之外,我們主要關注的是一些連接整個文章的短句。這些短句起到了引導作用,把通篇很清晰,很有邏輯地連接起來。雅思聽力section2的場景和形式是“social monologue”(日常生活場景的獨白),場景是以旅遊爲主的日常生活內容,而因爲主要是獨白的形式,少有問答,所以在表達中就會加入比較系統的連接成分,爲了能夠使聽衆較爲輕鬆地跟上說話人的節奏。這一點與雅思口語part2是比較接近的,因爲part2通俗地講,就是在“講故事”,因此在part2想要拿到比較理想的分數,就一定要在規定的時間,將卡片上的內容前後連貫地講解清楚,以便使這個“故事”進展順利,有始有終,也就是要有“整體性”,而不是支離破碎的一些片段。因此,恰當地使用連接成分就成爲了必不可少的手段。這樣的話,建議考生們不妨根據情況在口語part2中借鑑一下聽力section2的一些實用的連接詞或短句,把故事講得更加連貫。

【利用指數】★★★