尼泊爾出新規：想攀登珠峯？有錢還不夠，你還得有這些證明！
今年登山季珠穆朗瑪峯出現了致命擁堵，僅在五月份就有11人遇難，尼泊爾政府也因此飽受批評。
近日，尼泊爾政府成立的專門小組發佈了新規定，進一步提高了珠峯登山許可證的門檻，登山者不僅要受過相關訓練並有高海拔登山經歷，還必須提交健康和體能證明。
All climbers seeking a permit for Qomolangma must have prior high altitude mountaineering experience and demonstrable training, a high-level commission for the Nepalese government has ruled.
尼泊爾政府管轄的高級委員會規定，凡是想獲准攀登珠穆朗瑪峯的人，必須有高海拔登山經歷並受過硬核的培訓。
The recommendation was issued by the body charged with looking at the issue of high-altitude safety after one of the deadliest seasons in recent years on Qomolangma, which was blamed on inexperience and crowding near the summit.
在珠峯上出現了近年來最致命的高海拔安全問題後，負責調查這一問題的機構發佈了上述建議。登山安全問題被歸咎於經驗不足和山頂附近過於擁擠。
Eleven climbers were killed or went missing on the 8,850-metre mountain in May, nine on the Nepalese side and two on the Tibetan side.
今年五月，11名登山者在海拔8850米的珠峯上死亡或失蹤，9名在尼泊爾境內的南坡遇難，2名在中國西藏的北坡遇難。
The Nepalese panel - made up of government officials, climbing experts and agencies representing the climbing community - was set up after climbers and guides criticised officials for allowing anyone who paid $11,000 to attempt to climb Qomolangma. Some veteran guiding companies had long warned of the dangerous consequences of inexperience and crowds on the summit slopes.
尼泊爾的這一委員會由政府官員、登山專家和登山團體代表機構組成。在該委員會成立之前，登山者和導遊們批評尼泊爾官員允許任何能支付1.1萬美元（約合人民幣7.7萬元）的人攀登珠峯。一些經驗豐富的導遊公司早就警告過缺乏經驗和山頂擁擠的危險後果。
veteran['vɛtərən]: adj. 經驗豐富的
"Climbers to [Qomolangma] and other 8,000-metre mountains must undergo basic and high altitude climbing training,” the panel said in the report it submitted to the government.
委員會在提交給政府的報告中寫道：“攀登珠穆朗瑪峯和其他海拔8000米以上山峯的人必須接受基本的登山訓練和高海拔登山訓練。”
It said that those hoping to climb Qomolangma must have climbed at least one Nepalese peak of more than 6,500-metres before getting a permit. Climbers must also submit a certificate of good health and physical fitness and be accompanied by a trained Nepalese guide.
委員會稱，想攀登珠穆朗瑪峯的人必須至少攀登過一座海拔6500米以上的尼泊爾山峯才能得到登山許可。登山者還必須提交健康和體能證明，並由受過訓練的尼泊爾導遊陪同。
Mira Acharya, a member of the panel, said: “Climbers died due to altitude sickness, heart attack, exhaustion or weaknesses, and not due to traffic jams”. She said the compulsory provision of guides for each climber was to discourage solo attempts, which put lives at risk.
委員會的其中一名成員米拉·阿查裏雅說：“登山者是由於高原反應、心臟病、精疲力竭和體弱而死亡，不是因爲交通堵塞而死亡。”她說，強制規定每一名登山者都要有導遊陪同，目的是阻止有人獨自登山，獨自攀登會有生命危險。
The panel's report also proposes a fee of at least $35,000 for those wanting to climb Qomolangma , and $20,000 for other mountains higher than 8,000m.
委員會的報告還提議，對想攀登珠峯的人收取至少3.5萬美元的費用，對想攀登海拔8000米以上其他山峯的人收取2萬美元的費用。
Nepal is home to eight of the world’s 14 highest mountains, and mountain climbing is a key source of employment and income for the poor nation.
世界最高的14座山峯中，尼泊爾就佔了8座。登山是這個較爲貧窮的國家的重要就業和收入來源。
The numbers attempting the climb in May led to bottlenecks in the “death zone”, where very low oxygen levels put lives at risk. Oxygen cylinders ran out while as many as 100 people waited in the queue.
五月登珠峯人數過多導致了“死亡地帶”出現擁堵，那裏極低的氧氣水平威脅到了登山者的生命安全。在多達100人排隊登頂的過程中，有些人用光了自己的氧氣儲備。
The issues were underlined by Simon Lowe, the managing director of UK-based Jagged Globe, who said this year’s crowding had aggravated an underlying issue of lack of experience.
英國公司Jagged Globe的總經理西蒙·洛強調了這一問題，他表示今年珠峯的擁堵加重了缺乏經驗的潛在問題。
aggravate['æɡrəvet]: vt. 加重；使惡化
"That is incompetent climbers being led by incompetent teams,” Lowe said. “If you go up with a bare minimum bottles of supplementary oxygen and stand in a queue for ages that is going to cause problems.”
“這裏指的是不合格的團隊帶領的不合格的登山者，”洛說道，“如果你只帶了最小量的備用氧氣瓶上山，又在隊伍里長時間地等待，那肯定是要出問題的。”
Without reforms such as those suggested by the panel, Lowe said guiding on the mountain by responsible companies could become untenable.
洛指出，如果沒有委員會建議的這些改革，負責任的公司的登山導遊工作將會做不下去。
untenable[ʌn'tɛnəbl]: adj. 不能維持的
Nepal issued 381 permits for Qomolangma for this year’s climbing season, which tends to culminate in May, when the daylight and weather are the most forgiving.
今年登山季，尼泊爾簽發了381份攀登珠峯的許可證。珠峯攀登通常都在五月達到高峯，那時候的日照和天氣條件都是最佳的。
Ghanshyam Upadhyaya, a senior tourism ministry official, said the recommendations would be implemented. “The government will now make the required changes in laws and regulations guiding mountain climbing,” he told Reuters.
旅遊部的高級官員甘希亞姆·烏帕德希雅說，這些建議將會被實行。他告訴路透社說：“現在政府將會對指導登山的法律法規做出所需的改動。”
