中國開啓“雙循環”發展模式 代表委員呼籲加快創新升級

按照“十四五”規劃建議，我國在未來5到15年將採取“雙循環”發展格局，人大代表和政協委員呼籲政府採取措施支持技術創新和產業升級，以保證循環通暢。

China is pushing a "dual circulation" development pattern to sustain growth in the coming years, building up strength in both domestic demand and foreign trade to meet challenges in a new development stage.

爲了迎接新發展階段的挑戰，中國將推動“雙循環”發展模式，從而在未來數年保持經濟增長，積蓄內需和外貿的實力。

The "dual circulation" development paradigm, in which domestic and overseas markets reinforce each other, with the domestic market as the mainstay, was mentioned as a guiding thought in a blueprint for China's development in the next five to 15 years, which is under review at the "two sessions."

今年兩會期間審議的以國內大循環爲主體、國內國際雙循環相互促進的“雙循環”發展格局將是中國未來5到15年發展藍圖的指導理念。

"We will advance the building of a strong domestic market and a strong trading nation in a concerted way, based on the domestic circulation," said the draft outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National economic and social development and the long-range objectives through the year 2035.

國民經濟和社會發展第十四個五年規劃（2021-2025）和二〇三五年遠景目標綱要草案提出，立足國內大循環，協同推進強大國內市場和貿易強國建設。

DOMESTIC LOOP 內循環

The domestic circulation will be key to the new development pattern, with detailed measures to be rolled out to expand domestic consumption and smoothen supply chains.

國內大循環對新發展模式至關重要，政府將推出具體措施來擴大內需、保持供應鏈順暢。

The country will remove impediments to the rational flow of production factors, and create a higher-level dynamic equilibrium where supply and demand boost each other, according to the draft outline.

根據綱要草案，國家將打通制約生產要素合理流動的堵點，形成需求牽引供給、供給創造需求的更高水平動態平衡。

The draft plan also called for efforts to expand the middle-income group in order to unleash the consumption potential.

草案還指出，應努力擴大中等收入羣體規模，以釋放消費潛力。

With its per capita GDP above 10,000 US dollars and a middle-income group exceeding 400 million, China is already an upper middle-income economy by the World Bank standard.

中國目前人均GDP超過1萬美元（約合人民幣6.5萬元），中等收入羣體超過4億人，根據世界銀行的標準已達到中等偏上收入國家水平。

The number is likely to double by 2035 amid government efforts to push urbanization, making China the biggest consumption market in the world, said Li Daokui, an economist with Tsinghua University and a national political adviser.

全國政協委員、清華大學的經濟學家李稻葵表示，隨着政府推進城市化，中等收入羣體在2035年將擴大一倍，中國將成爲全世界最大的消費市場。

A smooth domestic economic cycle also requires advancement on the supply side, lawmakers and political advisers said, calling for more policy measures to boost innovation.

人大代表和政協委員指出，國內經濟循環暢通有賴於供給質量的提高，呼籲推出更多促進創新的政策措施。

The country should move faster to support the upgrade of companies so that they can tackle the bottlenecks constraining their growth, said Liu Yonghao, chairman of China's agricultural conglomerate New Hope Group and a national political adviser.

全國政協委員、農業巨頭新希望集團董事長劉永好表示，國家應加快支持企業升級以應對制約其發展的瓶頸。

The domestic farming industry, for example, still depends on overseas imports in terms of breeding animals including pigs and poultry, and research on new breeding varieties could reduce external reliance and boost profitability, Liu said.

劉永好指出，以國內農業爲例，目前豬、禽等養殖產業仍依賴於進口，研究養殖新品種將能減少對外國的依賴並增加利潤。

The draft outline has identified self-reliance in science and technology as a strategic underpinning for national development. For the next five years, China's research and development spending will grow by over 7 percent annually, it said.

草案把科技自立自強作爲國家發展的戰略支撐，並提出未來五年中國研發經費投入年均增長7%以上。

2021年2月23日，山東省青島市即墨區藍村街道一家企業的工人在生產出口海外的飛機救生衣包。（圖片來源：新華網）

OPEN CYCLE 開放的雙循環

While the domestic market is key to the new development paradigm, "dual circulation" is by no means a closed domestic loop.

儘管國內市場對新發展格局很關鍵，但“雙循環”絕對不是封閉的國內循環。

China will work to promote the coordinated development of both domestic and external demand, imports and exports, as well as foreign and outbound investment, the draft outline said, stressing that the country stays committed to further opening-up.

草案指出，中國將積極促進內需和外需、進口和出口、引進外資和對外投資協調發展，強調中國會堅定不移地進一步擴大對外開放。

Ning Jizhe, deputy head of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the country would further improve the business environment for foreign investment, implementing policies including cutting the number of sectors off-limits for foreign investors and incentivizing overseas investors in participating in the high-quality development of its manufacturing industry.

國家發展改革委副主任寧吉喆表示，國家將進一步優化外資營商環境，推行一系列政策，包括縮減外資准入負面清單，鼓勵外資參與中國製造業高質量發展。

For Li Dongsheng, chairman of Chinese electronics giant TCL Group and a national lawmaker, the "dual circulation" is not only a development strategy at the national level, but also reflects the development needs of Chinese enterprises amid rising anti-globalization sentiment.

對於全國人大代表、中國電子巨頭TCL集團創始人李東生而言，“雙循環”不只是國家層面的發展戰略，還反映出逆全球化思潮愈演愈烈的形勢下中國企業的發展需求。

While proposing that China should step up policy support for tech innovation to smoothen the domestic cycle, Li also suggested the government mobilize resources to facilitate the global operation and layout of firms.

李東生提出，中國應加大對技術創新的政策支持以保證內循環暢通，還建議政府充分調動資源以便利企業的全球化運營和佈局。