德國將舉辦“防疫實驗”音樂會 研究新冠病毒聚集性傳播
爲檢驗新冠病毒在聚集性場所的傳播途徑，德國擬斥巨資打造一場4000人蔘與的“模擬音樂會”，希望能爲文娛場所在迴歸常態後的防疫工作提供借鑑。
German scientists are planning to equip 4,000 pop music fans with tracking gadgets and bottles of fluorescent disinfectant to get a clearer picture of how Covid-19 could be prevented from spreading at large indoor concerts.
德國科學家計劃爲4000名流行音樂愛好者配備追蹤裝置和熒光消毒劑，以便更清楚地瞭解如何防止新冠病毒在大型室內音樂會中傳播。
As cultural mass gatherings across the world remain on hold for the foreseeable future, researchers in eastern Germany are recruiting volunteers for a “coronavirus experiment” with the singer-songwriter Tim Bendzko, to be held at an indoor stadium in the city of Leipzig on 22 August.
在可預見的未來，世界各地仍將暫停舉辦大型文化集會。德國東部的研究人員正在招募志願者，與創作型歌手蒂姆·本茨科一起進行“新冠病毒實驗”。這場實驗將於8月22日在萊比錫市的一個室內體育館舉行。
Participants, aged between 18 and 50, will wear matchstick-sized “contact tracer” devices on chains around their necks that transmit a signal at five-second intervals and collect data on each person’s movements and proximity to other members of the audience.
參與者的年齡在18歲至50歲之間，他們將在脖子上戴上一串火柴棍大小的接觸追蹤裝置，這種裝置每隔5秒發送一次信號，並收集個人活動和觀衆距離的數據。
Inside the venue, they will also be asked to disinfect their hands with a fluorescent hand-sanitiser – designed to not just add a layer of protection but allow scientists to scour the venue with UV lights after the concerts to identify surfaces where a transmission of the virus through smear infection is most likely to take place.
在會場內部，他們還被要求使用熒光消毒液洗手，這種設計不僅增加了一層保護，而且允許科學家在音樂會結束後，使用紫外線燈清理現場，以確定活動現場有哪些區域的表面最容易傳播病毒。
Vapours from a fog machine will help visualise the possible spread of coronavirus via aerosols, which the scientists will try to predict via computer-generated models in advance of the event.
霧機產生的蒸汽將有助於使新冠病毒通過氣溶膠傳播的可能性可視化，科學家們將嘗試在音樂會前通過計算機模型對此進行預測。
The €990,000 cost of the Restart-19 project will be shouldered between the federal states of Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. The project’s organisers say the aim is to “identify a framework” for how larger cultural and sports events could be held “without posing a danger for the population” after 30 September.
這個名爲“重啓-19”的實驗項目耗資99萬歐元（約合人民幣802萬元），將由薩克森州和薩克森-安哈爾特州共同承擔。該項目的組織者表示，實驗目的是“確定一個框架”，以確定在9月30日後，舉辦大規模的文化和體育賽事“不會對當地居民構成威脅”。
While some German states, such as Saxony and Brandenburg, have relaxed social-distancing restrictions to the extent that medium-sized indoor concerts are allowed to go ahead, concerts with more than a thousand attendees remain banned across the country until at least the end of August.
雖然德國的一些州，如薩克森州和勃蘭登堡州放寬了社交距離限制，允許舉行中型室內音樂會，但至少在8月底之前，全國仍禁止舉行1000人以上的音樂會。
New Zealand, which managed to control the spread of the pandemic at an early stage, allowed 20,000 rugby fans to crowd into a stadium in the city of Dunedin this weekend. An estimated 6,200 spectators attended US president Donald Trump’s campaign rally in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on 20 June.
新西蘭成功地在早期階段控制了疫情的蔓延，這週末允許2萬名橄欖球球迷涌入達尼丁市的一個體育場。6月20日，大約有6200名民衆在俄克拉荷馬州塔爾薩市參加了美國總統特朗普舉行的競選集會。
Elsewhere, musicians and sportspersons face a precarious future as the fear of “super-spreader events” makes many governments reluctant to allow large gatherings in enclosed environments.
在其他地方，音樂家和運動員面臨着不確定的未來。出於對“超級擴散性活動”的恐懼，許多政府不允許在封閉場所舉行大型集會。
precarious[prɪˈkeəriəs]：adj.危險的；不確定的
“We are trying to find out if there could be a middle way between the old and the new normal that would allow organisers to fit enough people into a concert venue to not make a loss,” said Stefan Moritz, the head of clinical infectious diseases at the University hospital in Halle and the experiment’s coordinator.
該實驗協調員、哈雷大學醫院臨牀傳染病負責人斯蒂芬·莫里茨說：“我們正試圖找出是否有新舊狀態之間的中間方案，允許組織者讓足夠多的人蔘加音樂會，以避免虧損。”
To stop the Leipzig experiment from becoming the source of a new outbreak, signed-up volunteers will be sent a DIY test kit and have a swab at a doctor’s practice or laboratory 48 hours before the concert starts. Those who cannot show proof of a negative test at the door will be denied entry.
爲了防止萊比錫的實驗成爲新的疫情暴發源，報名參加的志願者將收到新冠病毒自我檢測包，並在音樂會開始前48小時在醫生診所或實驗室接受拭子檢測。入場時無法出示陰性檢測結果的人將被拒絕進入。
A face mask with an exhalation valve will be given to each concertgoer with the disinfectant. While organisers say these measures mean the risk of catching the virus at the concert is “extremely slim”, they also warn that 100% protection cannot be guaranteed.
每位音樂會觀衆都會收到一個帶呼氣閥的口罩和消毒劑。雖然組織者說這些措施意味着在音樂會中感染病毒的風險“非常小”，但他們也警告說不能完全保證不被感染。
By midday on Monday, 775 volunteers had signed up for the concert with Bendzko, a soul-pop singer whose 2011 debut album sold 500,000 copies in Germany.
截至週一（7月20日）中午，已有775名志願者報名參加這場有本茨科參加的音樂會。本茨科是一位靈魂流行歌手，2011年在德國發行的首張專輯銷量達50萬張。
At the Leipzig concert hall, a seating-only venue that has held sports events as well as concerts by Bob Dylan and Britney Spears, they will be asked to act out three different scenarios.
在萊比錫音樂廳，觀衆將被要求參加三種不同的場景實驗。萊比錫音樂廳是一個只有座位區的場所，曾舉辦過體育賽事，也舉辦過鮑勃•迪倫和布蘭妮•斯皮爾斯的演唱會。
In the first scenarios, the audience will attend the concerts as they would have done in pre-virus times, entering through two main entrances before taking their seats. In the second, “optimised” scenario, the crowd will enter through eight entrances to facilitate less mingling, and every second seat on the stands will be blocked.
在第一種場景中，觀衆將像在新冠疫情之前那樣，先從兩個主要入口進入會場，然後就座參加音樂會。在第二種“優化”場景中，觀衆將從8個入口進入，以減少擁擠，並隔位就坐。
In the third, strictly socially distanced scenario, only 2,000 spectators will be allowed to enter the 12,000 capacity venue and be seated at a 1.5m distance from each other.
在第三種嚴格實行社交距離的場景中，只有2000名觀衆可以進入可容納12000人的音樂廳，並且彼此之間的座位距離爲1.5米。
The scientists behind the concert say they hope to search through the mass of data in just over a month and present their findings in early October.
舉辦音樂會的科學家們表示，他們希望在一個多月的時間裏搜索大量數據，並在10月初公佈研究結果。
